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       #Post#: 85984--------------------------------------------------
       MET - Notice to keeper, McDonald's car park
   DIR By: dj.esco
       Date: August 17, 2025, 4:45 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Dear all,
       Have received a NTK from MET parking services for an alleged
       offence where a driver has parked their vehicle in the
       McDonald's car park and left the premises before returning to
       the vehicle.
       I have posted the letter received below.
       Can I please ask whether this can be contested and   if so, what
       is the most appropriate course of action.
       Thank you in advance!
       #Post#: 85987--------------------------------------------------
       Re: MET - Notice to keeper, McDonald's car park
   DIR By: b789
       Date: August 17, 2025, 5:11 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Of course you contest it. What evidence do they have that an
       occupant left the premises? Are the occupants even bound by the
       terms and conditions of parking? Only the driver can be liable,
       assuming they even had any evidence, which they don't. They have
       absolutely no idea of the drivers identity. They cannot hold the
       Keeper liable as the Notice to Keeper (NtK) is not fully
       compliant with all the requirements of PoFA.
       Follow the advice and you will not be paying a penny top MET.
       Easy one to deal with… as long as the unknown drivers identity
       is not revealed. There is no legal obligation on the known
       keeper (the recipient of the NtK) to reveal the identity of the
       unknown driver to an unregulated private parking firm and no
       inference or assumptions can be made.
       The NtK is not compliant with all the requirements of PoFA which
       means that if the unknown driver is not identified, they cannot
       transfer liability for the charge from the unknown driver to the
       known keeper.
       Use the following as your appeal. No need to embellish or remove
       anything from it:
       --- Quote ---
       > I am the keeper of the vehicle and I dispute your 'parking
       charge'. I deny any liability or contractual agreement and I
       will be making a complaint about your predatory conduct to your
       client landowner.
       >
       > As your Notice to Keeper (NtK) does not fully comply with ALL
       the requirements of PoFA 2012, you are unable to hold the keeper
       of the vehicle liable for the charge. Partial or even
       substantial compliance is not sufficient. There will be no
       admission as to who was driving and no inference or assumptions
       can be drawn. MET has relied on contract law allegations of
       breach against the driver only.
       >
       > The registered keeper cannot be presumed or inferred to have
       been the driver, nor pursued under some twisted interpretation
       of the law of agency. Your NtK can only hold the driver liable.
       MET have no hope at POPLA, so you are urged to save us both a
       complete waste of time and cancel the PCN.
       --- End Quote ---
       As any initial appeal is almost always rejected, come back when
       you have your POPLA code and we will advise on the next step.
       #Post#: 86001--------------------------------------------------
       Re: MET - Notice to keeper, McDonald's car park
   DIR By: dj.esco
       Date: August 17, 2025, 7:30 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Appreciated b789 - will get this appeal in via their appeals
       portal asap and get back to you once (I assume) they reject and
       issue a POPLA reference.
       Thanks again!
       #Post#: 89025--------------------------------------------------
       Re: MET - Notice to keeper, McDonald's car park
   DIR By: dj.esco
       Date: September 8, 2025, 2:17 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Hi all, as an update:
       Initial appeal rejected using the wording kindly provided above.
       No POPLA reference issues and the below is what has been emailed
       as a response from MET:
  HTML https://ibb.co/czpCDN0
       Further advice would be greatly appreciated.
       #Post#: 89028--------------------------------------------------
       Re: MET - Notice to keeper, McDonald's car park
   DIR By: jfollows
       Date: September 8, 2025, 2:23 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Standard non-reply but if you do nothing you will get a formal
       rejection and POPLA code in due course. They’re offering you the
       opportunity to accidentally identify the driver to them if you
       write to them.
       #Post#: 89062--------------------------------------------------
       Re: MET - Notice to keeper, McDonald's car park
   DIR By: dj.esco
       Date: September 9, 2025, 3:50 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Thank you jfollows, appreciated. Ok, will hold tight until the
       formal rejection and POPLA ref is issued and get back to you you
       guys.
       #Post#: 90637--------------------------------------------------
       Re: MET - Notice to keeper, McDonald's car park
   DIR By: dj.esco
       Date: September 19, 2025, 7:24 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Dear all,
       Received the below letter today, this time providing the POPLA
       reference number.
  HTML https://ibb.co/zHh9FWnk
  HTML https://ibb.co/NdZhXRGQ
       Any advice on the next steps for appeal would be greatly
       appreciated.
       Thanks again!
       #Post#: 90643--------------------------------------------------
       Re: MET - Notice to keeper, McDonald's car park
   DIR By: b789
       Date: September 19, 2025, 7:54 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Just do a forum search for recent POPLA appeals and then try and
       put one together yourself and show us here before you send
       anything so we can critique it and advise on any changes etc.
       #Post#: 90799--------------------------------------------------
       Re: MET - Notice to keeper, McDonald's car park
   DIR By: dj.esco
       Date: September 21, 2025, 2:54 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Thanks b789.
       I've looked through the forum and have found one similar case,
       albeit being to a hirer of a vehicle rather than NTK (actually
       at the same premises!).
       Hence, having read through the appeal you guys provided and
       reading through Schedule 4 of the Protection of freedoms act
       2012 (PoFA), I have put together the following - one thing to
       mention straight away is that I understand the relevant sections
       to me being sections 8 and 9 as a NtK - I have used the model
       wording from the previous appeal but cannot seem to identify a
       clear contravention of these 2 sections of the schedule hence
       have left a bracketed note within the wording of section 1
       highlighting this point. The remainder of the argument is very
       much what it was for the previous appeal as it is the same
       contravention hence the same argument:
       I am the keeper of the vehicle and am appealing against this
       Parking Charge Notice on the following grounds:
       1. The Notice to keeper does not comply with Schedule 4 of the
       Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 (PoFA)
       2. The allegation of “leaving the premises” is
       vague, unevidenced, and legally unenforceable
       3. The signage is incapable of forming a contract for the
       alleged contravention
       4. The operator is put to strict proof of signage near the
       vehicle and of any boundary warning signs
       5. The operator is put to strict proof of landowner authority
       and contractual terms permitting PCNs for this alleged breach
       1. The Notice to keeper does not comply with Schedule 4 of the
       Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 (PoFA)
       As the operator is attempting to hold the keeper liable, they
       must comply with Paragraphs 8 and 9 of Schedule 4 of PoFA. They
       have failed to do so. The Notice to Keeper did not include the
       following mandatory enclosures:
       (I have read through the 2 sections, 8 & 9 and cannot see an
       obvious contravention - please advise)
       2. The allegation of “leaving the premises” is
       vague, unevidenced, and legally unenforceable
       The operator alleges that “the occupants left
       McDonald’s premises” but provides no definition,
       evidence, or legal foundation for this claim. It is unclear
       whether this alleged restriction applies to:
       • The driver only
       • One or more passengers
       • All occupants of the vehicle, including children
       The operator has not defined what constitutes “the
       premises.” Is it the interior of the restaurant, the
       entrance, the boundary of the car park, or some other undefined
       area? There is no indication of what boundary was allegedly
       crossed or where any contractual tripwire supposedly lies.
       Without defining this in signage or evidence, the operator
       cannot assert that a breach occurred.
       Moreover, the operator has not provided any evidence to support
       the claim that any person left the premises. There is no
       timestamped footage, no log of observations, no details of who
       supposedly left, when they did so, or what part of the site they
       entered. It is impossible to determine whether any breach
       occurred, or who is alleged to have caused it. A contractual
       term must be communicated clearly and be enforceable. Here, the
       term is so vague and unworkable that it fails to meet even the
       basic standards of contractual clarity.
       The operator appears to believe it can hold the hirer liable for
       the movements of unnamed third parties, regardless of whether
       they are even aware of the terms. This is legally and factually
       unsustainable.
       3. The signage is incapable of forming a contract for the
       alleged contravention
       The signage at the site does not clearly state that all
       occupants must remain on the premises, nor does it define what
       the premises are. The signs are addressed to drivers and make no
       provision for warning passengers or other individuals that they
       will trigger a breach simply by walking beyond an undefined
       area. A contract must set out clear and prominent terms that can
       be understood by all parties. It is unreasonable and
       unenforceable to rely on obscure or implied conditions which are
       not communicated with sufficient clarity.
       The operator is put to strict proof that the signage clearly
       stated that all occupants must remain on the premises, that the
       premises were defined, and that breach of this alleged term
       would result in a parking charge being issued.
       4. The operator is put to strict proof of signage near the
       vehicle and of any boundary warning signs
       The operator is required to provide evidence of the signage near
       the location where the vehicle was parked. It is not sufficient
       to provide generic sign images from elsewhere on the site. The
       operator must show that the vehicle was parked within sight of a
       sign that:
       • Clearly defined the premises
       • Made the alleged term about remaining on the premises
       clear
       • Warned the driver that a charge would be issued if any
       occupant left the premises
       If the operator is asserting that a boundary was crossed, they
       are also required to show that boundary and any sign or marking
       that warned a person under a contractual obligation that they
       were about to be in breach by crossing it. Without such signage
       and markers, no contractual term can be said to have been
       breached.
       4. The operator is put to strict proof of landowner authority
       and contractual terms permitting PCNs for this alleged breach
       The operator must produce a valid, unredacted contract with the
       landowner that allows them to issue parking charge notices at
       this site. A simple witness statement or letter is not
       sufficient. The contract must:
       • Be signed by the landowner or authorised agent
       • Authorise the operator to take legal action in their own
       name
       • Include express permission to issue PCNs for
       “leaving the premises”
       A general statement of authority does not prove that the
       operator has permission to issue PCNs for a breach as unusual
       and specific as an occupant allegedly leaving undefined
       premises. The burden is on the operator to prove that the
       landowner has agreed to this condition and has authorised them
       to enforce it.
       Conclusion
       For the reasons set out above, the operator has failed to meet
       the legal requirements of Schedule 4 of PoFA, has failed to
       provide evidence of a breach, and has failed to prove that the
       signage is capable of forming a contract for the alleged
       contravention. They have also failed to evidence any boundary or
       warning signs and have not shown that they have the necessary
       landowner authority. I request that POPLA uphold this appeal and
       require the operator to cancel the parking charge.
       Any additional comments, revisions are greatly appreciated -
       apologies, I am not an expert or experienced in this field
       whatsoever! I should also add that the images provided by MET
       show the signs within the car park but the text is illegible
       hence I am making some assumptions in section 3 above.
       #Post#: 90822--------------------------------------------------
       Re: MET - Notice to keeper, McDonald's car park
   DIR By: b789
       Date: September 21, 2025, 7:37 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       TO start with... PoFA para 7 only applies to a windscreen Notice
       to Driver (NtD) Para 8 only applies to a Notice to Keeper (NtK)
       issued after an NtD was issued and not responded to. Para 9
       applies to any other postal NtK that is issued without any NtD
       having been issued. For ;eased/hired vehicles, para 14 applies,
       only after the lease/hire company receives an NtK under paras 8
       or 9 and they have then complied with para 13 of PoFA so that a
       Notice to Hirer (NtH) can be issued under para 14 to the Hirer.
       Here is a tidied up and expanded version:
       --- Quote ---
       > I am the registered keeper and I appeal this Parking Charge
       Notice on the following grounds:
       >
       > [indent]1. The Notice to Keeper fails to comply with Schedule
       4, Paragraph 9(2)(a) of the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012
       (PoFA) and keeper liability cannot arise
       > 2. The allegation of “leaving the premises” is vague,
       unevidenced, and legally unenforceable
       > 3. The signage is incapable of forming a contract for the
       alleged contravention
       > 4. The operator is put to strict proof of signage near the
       vehicle and of any boundary warning signs
       > 5. The operator is put to strict proof of landowner authority
       and contractual terms permitting PCNs for this alleged
       breach[/indent]
       >
       > 1. PoFA non-compliance (Paragraph 9(2)(a)) and no evidence of
       any contract being formed
       > The operator seeks to hold the keeper liable using a postal
       Notice to Keeper. Only Paragraph 9 applies. Paragraph 9(2)(a)
       requires the NtK to “specify the vehicle, the relevant land on
       which it was parked and the period of parking.” This NtK states
       only a single time of observation, not any period of parking.
       ANPR entry/exit timestamps or a single instant do not evidence a
       period of parking.
       >
       > In the absence of a stated and evidenced period of parking,
       the NtK is not compliant with PoFA 9(2)(a) and keeper liability
       cannot arise.
       >
       > Separately, even on the facts, there is no proof that the
       vehicle was parked for longer than the mandatory consideration
       period afforded to motorists to read and decide whether to
       accept terms. Without evidence that any consideration period was
       exceeded, the operator has not shown that a parking contract was
       ever formed, still less breached.
       >
       > For completeness, the operator is also put to strict proof of
       full compliance with the other mandatory elements of Paragraph
       9, including 9(2)(e) (the prescribed invitation to the keeper),
       9(2)(f) (the prescribed 28-day warning), 9(2)(h) (identification
       of the creditor), and delivery within the 14-day window per 9(5)
       and 9(6). Any defect defeats keeper liability.
       >
       > 2. The “leaving the premises” allegation is vague,
       unevidenced, and unenforceable
       > The operator alleges “the occupants left McDonald’s premises”
       without defining who this applies to (driver, a passenger, or
       all occupants) or what “the premises” are. No boundary is
       identified, marked, or evidenced. No timestamped observations
       are provided establishing who supposedly left, when, or where. A
       non-driving keeper cannot be liable for undefined movements of
       unnamed third parties.
       >
       > 3. Signage incapable of forming the alleged contract
       > The signs do not clearly and prominently state that all
       occupants must remain on defined premises, nor do they define
       the premises. Signs addressed to drivers cannot bind passengers,
       and vague prohibitions cannot create a clear contractual term or
       a lawful deterrent charge.
       >
       > The operator is put to strict proof that, at the material
       time, signage clearly and prominently stated that all occupants
       must remain on a defined premises, identified that boundary on
       site plans, and warned that breach would result in a charge.
       >
       > 4. Strict proof of signage near the vehicle and any boundary
       markers
       > Generic site photos are insufficient. The operator must show
       the vehicle’s exact location, the nearest readable terms sign at
       that location at the material time, and the precise boundary
       allegedly crossed, with contemporaneous photos of any markers or
       warnings that crossing it would constitute a breach.
       >
       > 5. No evidence of any landowner authority or standing
       > The operator is put to strict proof of a valid,
       contemporaneous contract or lease flowing from the landowner
       that authorises the operator to manage parking, issue PCNs, and
       pursue legal action in its own name. I refer the operator and
       the POPLA assessor to Section 14 of the PPSCoP (Relationship
       with Landowner), which clearly sets out mandatory minimum
       requirements that must be evidenced before any parking charge
       may be issued on controlled land.
       >
       > In particular, Section 14.1(a)–(j) requires the operator to
       have in place written confirmation from the landowner which
       includes:
       >
       > [indent]• the identity of the landowner,
       > • a boundary map of the land to be managed,
       > • applicable byelaws,
       > • the duration and scope of authority granted,
       > • detailed parking terms and conditions including any specific
       permissions or exemptions,
       > • the means of issuing PCNs,
       > • responsibility for obtaining planning and advertising
       consents,
       > • and the operator’s obligations and appeal procedure under
       the Code.[/indent]
       >
       > These requirements are not optional. They are a condition
       precedent to issuing a PCN and bringing any associated action.
       Accordingly, I put the operator to strict proof of compliance
       with the entirety of Section 14 of the PPSCoP. Any document that
       contains redactions must not obscure the above conditions. The
       document must also be dated and signed by identifiable persons,
       with evidence of their authority to act on behalf of the parties
       to the agreement. The operator must provide an agreement showing
       clear authorisation from the landowner for this specific site.
       >
       > Conclusion
       > The NtK fails PoFA 9(2)(a) because it does not state any
       period of parking; therefore keeper liability does not arise.
       There is also no evidence that any consideration period was
       exceeded, so no contract is shown to have been formed. The
       “leaving the premises” allegation is undefined and unevidenced.
       The operator has not shown clear, proximate signage, a defined
       boundary, or landowner authority for this unusual charge type.
       >
       > I respectfully request that POPLA allow this appeal and
       require cancellation of the PCN.
       --- End Quote ---
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