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       #Post#: 79840--------------------------------------------------
       Parking Charge Notice - University of Sussex
       By: Smellydog Date: July 6, 2025, 5:50 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Received a penalty charge to the registered owner from parking
       at the university of sussex, multi storey car park.
       I am planning to write an appeal. Any advice for the grounds for
       appeal would be appreciated.
       Attached is the Parking charge notice front and back.
       Was going to pay it to avoid the agro but missed the discount
       period.
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       TIA
       [attachment deleted by admin]
       #Post#: 79858--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Parking Charge Notice - University of Sussex
       By: Dave65 Date: July 7, 2025, 4:25 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       First it is not a penalty notice, it is a private parking notice
       to the keeper not the owner.
       I`ve copied an appeal I saw a while ago from someone at Durham
       University. First Parking do a lot of University's.
       Not the same parking issue, but you may be able to use parts of
       it.
       "Durham University Car Parking PCN
       Success! First Parking withdrew within an hour of making my
       appeal to POPLA
       Thanks for all the advice on here - its has saved me from lining
       some scumbags pockets!
       Here's my POPLA appeal for anyone who is interested (images
       removed):
       A Parking Charge Notice was issued on 7th October 2019 and
       received by me, the registered keeper
       of XXXX XXX for an alleged contravention of “Parked on double
       yellow lines or in a cross hatched
       area’’ at Durham University. I am writing to you as the
       registered keeper and would be grateful if
       you would please consider my appeal for the following reasons:
       1 - A compliant Notice to Keeper was never served
       2 – Ambiguous wording on signage
       3 – Terms and conditions not set out in full on signage
       4 – Contravention was on private land so road markings are
       unenforceable
       5 – The parking during this alleged contravention was causing
       neither a hazard to others
       nor damage to the University’s property
       6 – No landowner contract nor legal standing to form contracts
       or charge drivers
       1 - A compliant Notice to Keeper was never served
       This operator has not fulfilled the 'second condition' for
       keeper liability as defined in Schedule 4 and as a result, they
       have no lawful authority to pursue any parking charge from
       myself, as a registered keeper appellant. There is no discretion
       on this matter. If Schedule 4 mandatory documents are not served
       at all, or in time (or if the document omits any prescribed
       wording) then keeper liability simply does not apply.
       The wording in the Protection of Freedoms Act (POFA) 2012 is as
       follows:
       ''Right to claim unpaid parking charges from keeper of vehicle:
       4(1) The creditor has the right to recover any unpaid parking
       charges from the keeper of the vehicle.
       (2) The right under this paragraph applies only if
       (a) the conditions specified in paragraphs 5, 6*, 11 and 12 (so
       far as applicable) are met;
       *Conditions that must be met for purposes of paragraph 4:
       6(1) ''The second condition is that the creditor (or a person
       acting for or on behalf of the creditor)—
       (a)has given a notice to driver in accordance with paragraph 7,
       followed by a notice to keeper in
       accordance with paragraph 8. This is re-iterated further ‘If a
       notice to driver has been given, any subsequent notice to keeper
       MUST be given in accordance with paragraph 8.’
       The NTK must have been delivered to the registered keeper’s
       address within the ‘relevant period’ which is highlighted as a
       total of 56 days beginning with the day after that on which any
       notice to driver was given. As this operator has evidently
       failed to serve a NTK, not only have they chosen toflout the
       strict requirements set out in PoFA 2012, but they have
       consequently failed to meet the second condition for keeper
       liability. Clearly I cannot be held liable to pay this charge as
       the mandatory series of parking charge documents were not
       properly given
       2 - Ambiguous wording on signage (please see Image 1 below)
       The signage states "A Parking Charge Notice (PCN) of £70 will be
       issued to vehicles parking without prior approval through the
       University permit to park scheme" - The vehicle in question has
       approval to park as supplied through the University Permit To
       Park Scheme. The signage also states “Vehicles to be parked
       within marked bays/designated parking areas” – this is
       ambiguous. It is unclear whether this means “must be parked
       within marked bays OR designated parking areas” or “must be
       parked within marked bays IN designated parking areas”. The
       vehicle was not parked in a bay but it was parked in a
       designated parking area i.e. a car park, and so was seen to
       comply with the signage.
       3 – Terms and conditions not set out in full on signage (please
       see Image 1 below)
       The signage states “to be parked in accordance with the
       University's parking policy" – there is no indication of the
       content of the University’s parking policy or where to find it.
       Upon entering the car park, the driver is not given indication
       of the full terms and conditions in clear and concise language
       and therefore cannot be expected to be able to comply with the
       policies set out by the land owner.
       4 – Contravention was on private land so road markings are
       unenforceable
       The contravention occurred on privately owned land (owned by
       Durham University) and as such any road markings cannot legally
       be enforced in the manner that they can on a road owned by the
       Highways Authority or the council.
       5 – The parking during this alleged contravention was causing
       neither a hazard to others nor damage to the University’s
       property (please see Image 2 and Image 3 below)
       The vehicle was parked on a very wide section of pavement and as
       such was not causing an obstruction to pedestrian traffic or
       vehicular traffic. The purpose of employing a private parking
       company is to ensure that vehicles are not parked in a manner
       which causes a hazard to others or damage to property. The
       vehicle was parked in a manner as not to be an obstruction to
       either pedestrian or vehicular traffic and it was not causing
       damage to University property.
       6 - No landowner contract nor legal standing to form contracts
       or charge drivers
       I believe that this Operator has no proprietary interest in the
       land, so they have no standing to make contracts with drivers in
       their own right, nor to pursue charges for reach in their own
       name. In the absence of such title, First Parking LLP must have
       assignment of rights from the landowner to pursue charges for
       breach in their own right, including at court level. A
       commercial site agent for the true landholder has no automatic
       standing nor authority in their own right which would meet the
       strict requirements of section 7 of the BPA Code of Practice. I
       therefore put First Parking LLP to strict proof to provide POPLA
       and myself with an un-redacted, contemporaneous copy of the
       contract between
       First Parking LLP and the landowner, not just another agent or
       retailer or other non-landholder, because it will still not be
       clear that the landowner has authorised the necessary rights to
       First Parking LLP.
       Section 7 of the British Parking Association (BPA) Code of
       Practice requires parking operators to have
       the written authority from the landowner to operate on the land.
       Section 7.1 states:“If you do not own the land on which you are
       carrying out parking management, you must have the written
       authorisation of the landowner (or their appointed agent). The
       written confirmation must be given before you can start
       operating on the land in question and give you the authority to
       carry out all the aspects of car park management for the site
       that you are responsible for. In particular, it must say that
       the landowner (or their appointed agent) requires you to keep to
       the Code of Practice and that you have the authority to pursue
       outstanding parking charges”. Section 7.3 states: “The written
       authorisation must also set out:
       a the definition of the land on which you may operate, so that
       the boundaries of the land can be clearly defined
       b any conditions or restrictions on parking control and
       enforcement operations, including any restrictions on hours of
       operation
       c any conditions or restrictions on the types of vehicles that
       may, or may not, be subject to parking control and enforcement
       d who has the responsibility for putting up and maintaining
       signs
       e the definition of the services provided by each party to the
       agreement.''
       I do not believe that this operator's mere site agreement as a
       contractor issuing PCNs and letters 'on behalf of' a landowner
       gives the parking firm any rights to sue in their own name. This
       is insufficient to comply with the BPA Code of Practice and not
       enough to hold me liable in law to pay First Parking LLP. First
       Parking LLP have no standing to enforce 'parking charges' or
       penalties of any description in any court.
       I put First Parking LLP to strict proof of compliance with all
       of the above requirements.
       
       #Post#: 79922--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Parking Charge Notice - University of Sussex
       By: b789 Date: July 7, 2025, 8:25 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       If you don't make an initial appeal by the 10th July, you are
       not going together a chance to try your luck with POPLA.
       The NtK is not compliant with PoFA 9(2)(e)(i) so you should not
       identify the driver.
       I'm not go to put much effort into this one if you are or were
       to prepared to pay it as the mugs discount rate. You either
       decide to fight it or not.
       #Post#: 79945--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Parking Charge Notice - University of Sussex
       By: Smellydog Date: July 7, 2025, 11:14 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Thanks both, [member=26]b789[/member] and
       [member=1555]Dave65[/member] writing it up now and posting it.
       #Post#: 112380--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Parking Charge Notice - University of Sussex
       By: Smellydog Date: March 7, 2026, 11:55 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Received particulars of claim and responded to MCOL for extra
       time.
       Attached is the particulars of claim and I've drafted some
       wordings for the response. Any help would be very helpful.TIA.
       [img width=1100
       height=1465]
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       Parking Fine Defence
       Grounds for defence are as follows:
       
       The defendant denies liability for the claim.
       The Claimants Particulars of Claim (PoC) fails to comply with
       CPR 16.4(1)(a) as they do not set out a clear and concise
       statement of facts. The PoC fails to specify:
       The full terms of the alleged contract.
       Whether the claim is for breach of contract or a contractual
       charge.
       How the sum claimed, including the additional £210 has been
       calculated.
       How the claimant asserts keeper liability under PoFA.
       The specific date of each contravention.
       The exact location of each contravention.
       The defendant invites the court to strike out the claim or order
       the claimant to re-please with proper details.
       No notice to keeper (NtK) was sent for the allegation on the
       22/07/2025.
       A notice to keeper was sent following an appeal with the
       claimant in 2 instances. Although, the claimants NtK does not
       fully comply with ALL the requirements of PoFA 2012, you are
       unable to hold the keeper of the vehicle liable for the charge.
       The Notice to Keeper is issued too late to transfer liability
       from the unknown driver to the registered keeper. Paragraph 9(4)
       requires delivery of a Notice to Keeper within 14 days where no
       windscreen ticket was served. A notice to keeper was sent beyond
       this date for the 2 instances. Therefore, the statutory
       conditions have not been met, and the operator cannot transfer
       liability from the driver to the keeper.
       The claimants NtK does not comply with PoFA Schedule 4,
       9(2)(e)(i). PoFA requires wording that explicityly links the
       keeper to the payment obligation, either by inviting them to pay
       or provide the drivers details. The NtK only requests the
       details of the driver and provides no payment instructions, with
       no indication the keeper is invited to pay. PoFA compliance must
       be explicit; implied obligations do not suffice. Keeper
       liability does not apply.
       The claimant seeks an additional £210 beyond the parking charge
       notice. PoFA 4(5) prohibits this, limiting rcevery to the amount
       in 9(2)(d). The extra sum is an abuse of process.
       The claimant is put to strict proof of standing, contractual
       authority, and PoFA compliance.
       The claim is without merit and should be struck out.
       #Post#: 112409--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Parking Charge Notice - University of Sussex
       By: Dave65 Date: March 8, 2026, 5:32 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       So, what has happened between July 7th 2025 and now?
       What have you received or not received in that time, hopefully
       you have not ignored anything.
       #Post#: 112848--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Parking Charge Notice - University of Sussex
       By: Smellydog Date: March 11, 2026, 10:19 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       After I sent the appeal I received the rejection email, then
       received emails from the debt collection agency.
       #Post#: 112859--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Parking Charge Notice - University of Sussex
       By: InterCity125 Date: March 11, 2026, 10:50 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       You may wish to add a line to the defence which rebuts any
       assertion that the keeper could be assumed to be the driver.
       Also state that you may rely on VCS Ltd v Edward if needed.
       #Post#: 112872--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Parking Charge Notice - University of Sussex
       By: Dave65 Date: March 11, 2026, 11:56 am
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Did you receive a "Letter before Claim" from their solicitors?
       #Post#: 112875--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Parking Charge Notice - University of Sussex
       By: Smellydog Date: March 11, 2026, 12:05 pm
       ---------------------------------------------------------
       Yes, received a ‘Letter of Claim’
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