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       #Post#: 5--------------------------------------------------
       Types of Stepper Motor
   DIR By: AlfredoBuenviaje
       Date: August 8, 2016, 8:01 pm
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       What is Variable Reluctant, Permanent Magnet, and Hybrid Stepper
       Motor.
       #Post#: 17--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Types of Stepper Motor
   DIR By: NorHaynieBongcarawan
       Date: August 14, 2016, 12:38 am
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       A reluctance motor is a type of electric motor that induces
       non-permanent magnetic poles on the ferromagnetic rotor. Rotor
       does not have any windings. Torque is generated through the
       phenomenon of magnetic reluctance.
       #Post#: 18--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Types of Stepper Motor
   DIR By: NorHaynieBongcarawan
       Date: August 14, 2016, 12:46 am
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       Hybrid stepper motors provide excellent performance in areas of
       torque, speed, and step resolution. Typically, step angles for a
       hybrid stepper motor range from 200 to 400 steps per revolution.
       A reluctance motor is a type of electric motor that induces
       non-permanent magnetic poles on the ferromagnetic rotor. Rotor
       does not have any windings. Torque is generated through the
       phenomenon of magnetic reluctance.
       A good permanent magnet should produce a high magnetic field
       with a low mass, and should be stable against the influences
       which would demagnetize it.
       #Post#: 19--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Types of Stepper Motor
   DIR By: ArleneAncheta
       Date: August 14, 2016, 12:57 am
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       Permanent Magnet (PM): Also called “tin can" or “can stock,"
       these are a cheap, low resolution type of stepper motors having
       step angles of typically 7.5 to 15 degrees (48 to 24 steps per
       revolution.)
       The working concept of a PM stepper motor can be understood
       through the illustration provided below. (Please click to
       enlarge.) The type utilizes permanent magnets and eliminates the
       employment of rotor teeth or steps normally associated with the
       other more sophisticated types of stepper motors. Instead the
       rotational effect is produced through alternate magnetization of
       the rotor plate. The electrical pulses applied to the windings
       generate induced magnetic flux alternately which influence the
       permanent magnets of the rotor. The effect of these interacting
       magnetic fluxes produces the high torque levels responsible for
       the required rotations.
       Variable reluctance (VR): This type of stepper motor primarily
       consists of a central rotor cylinder/shaft assembly made of
       multiple toothed elevations over its entire radial surface. The
       stator assembly, which consists of several layers of super
       enameled copper wire wound over laminated iron stampings, is
       kept closely attached with the rotor. The electrical pulses
       applied to the stator windings produce alternately sequencing
       magnetic fluxes over the rotor teeth creating a twisting effect.
       These alternate push/pulls and twisting of the rotor give rise
       to the required revolutions and the torque to the rotor/shaft
       assembly.
       Hybrid (HB): The stepper motors included in this type are more
       expensive than the above types due to the following interesting
       features:
       Hybrid stepper motors have improved step resolution with
       increment angles ranging from 3.6 to 1 degree for 100 to 400
       steps per revolution respectively.
       The system incorporates the advantages of both PM and VR types
       and utilizes a special arrangement of permanent magnet poles
       over the entire concentric multi-toothed rotor/shaft assembly.
       The multi-toothed rotor assembly exhibits excellent coordination
       with the magnetic fluxes generated by the stator windings, which
       guides the rotor movement in a well-controlled manner across the
       intermediate air gaps.
       #Post#: 46--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Types of Stepper Motor
   DIR By: Sienna
       Date: August 22, 2016, 12:22 am
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       Three Main types of Stepper Motor
       - Permanent magnet stepper.
       Hybrid synchronous stepper.
       Variable reluctance stepper.
       -
       #Post#: 54--------------------------------------------------
       Re: Types of Stepper Motor
   DIR By: theyseemae
       Date: August 22, 2016, 2:05 am
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       Permanent magnet motors use a permanent magnet (PM) in the rotor
       and operate on the attraction or repulsion between the rotor PM
       and the stator electromagnets. Variable reluctance (VR) motors
       have a plain iron rotor and operate based on the principle that
       minimum reluctance occurs with minimum gap, hence the rotor
       points are attracted toward the stator magnet poles.
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