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#Post#: 21636--------------------------------------------------
Re: APOCRYPHA
By: guest116 Date: December 7, 2020, 3:16 pm
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I learned, or maybe was reminded, that the majority of the book
considered part of the Apocrypha were written during the 400
silent years.
I find this label kinda misleading, but in reading the
background on it and reading what Blade gave me a direction to,
the silent years got its name because there were no recognized
Jewish Prophets. That the Jewish nation felt God had gone
silent by not providing them a prophet.
Both of these tidbits of information were either lost to me and
my memory or I just did not know them. Either way, very
interesting to me.
BTW, thanks Blade for your input on the silent years. Made it
an interesting adventure to learn more.
#Post#: 21637--------------------------------------------------
Re: APOCRYPHA
By: guest8 Date: December 7, 2020, 4:28 pm
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[quote author=Chaplain Mark Schmidt
link=topic=673.msg21636#msg21636 date=1607375795]
I learned, or maybe was reminded, that the majority of the book
considered part of the Apocrypha were written during the 400
silent years.
I find this label kinda misleading, but in reading the
background on it and reading what Blade gave me a direction to,
the silent years got its name because there were no recognized
Jewish Prophets. That the Jewish nation felt God had gone
silent by not providing them a prophet.
Both of these tidbits of information were either lost to me and
my memory or I just did not know them. Either way, very
interesting to me.
BTW, thanks Blade for your input on the silent years. Made it
an interesting adventure to learn more.
[/quote]
thanks for your kind sentiments.
Blade
#Post#: 22983--------------------------------------------------
Re: APOCRYPHA
By: guest116 Date: December 28, 2020, 10:45 pm
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My son for Christmas gave me a copy of the English translation
of the Septuagint with Apocrypha, Now for those that have never
looked extensively into the Septuagint, it is the Greek Old
Testament. There is not the Gospels or books from what we know
as the New Testament. It is considered one of the three main
control texts for translators of the Old Testament to other
languages as it was the Greek translation of the original Hebrew
text. Interestingly the only book missing that you sometimes
find in Apocrypha is the First Book of Enoch. Even the
translators at the time in BCE did not consider this a book to
be included.
So why am I bringing this up? I spent time comparing the
Apocrypha books I have from the Catholic Bibles used for
research I do and the Protestant versions to my Septuagint.
Huge differences can be seen in what was changed and deleted.
Gives you pause on what we are missing from other books. The
upside is that the meanings and intentions do not change.
I might be posting some of the more interesting difference as I
explore more.
#Post#: 27107--------------------------------------------------
Re: APOCRYPHA
By: patrick jane Date: March 18, 2021, 5:24 pm
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[img]
HTML https://www-images.christianitytoday.com/images/122723.jpg?w=940[/img]
HTML https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2021/march-web-only/new-dead-sea-scrolls-discovery-bible-translation-israel.html
Dead Sea Scrolls Discovery Reveals New Details About the Bible’s
Earliest Translations
Tiny fragments of the minor prophets in Greek show that scribes
adapted texts in similar ways to our contemporary versions.
Israeli researchers and archaeologists unveiled this week
several groundbreaking discoveries, including dozens of biblical
scroll fragments that represent the first newly uncovered Dead
Sea Scrolls in more than half a century.
The Dead Sea Scrolls contain some of the earliest known Jewish
religious documents, including biblical texts, dated from the
third century B.C. to the second century A.D. The manuscripts
were first unearthed in the immediate aftermath of World War II
in the caves near Qumran and the Judean Desert.
Even an initial review of the new fragments—which will be
analyzed and scrutinized for years to come—offers some exciting
findings about how the earliest biblical texts were translated
and adapted in ways like our own.
The discovery comes at a time when demand for antiquities has
skyrocketed, spurring looting and forgeries over the past
several years as wealthy collectors hope to acquire any
remaining scraps of the priceless scrolls.
Starting around 2002, a number of widely publicized “Dead Sea
Scroll” fragments emerged with questionable origin stories.
After a series of illegal attempts to acquire artifacts and
scrolls, Israeli Antiquities Authority conducted a series of
archaeological surveys to reexamine the interiors of the caves
along the cliffs of the Judean Desert.
Beginning in 2017, its researchers uncovered two dozen scroll
pieces, each measuring only a few centimeters across, from the
so-called Cave of Horror near the western shore of the Dead Sea.
It’s a site where insurgents were believed to have hidden during
the uprising led by Simon bar Kokhba against the Roman empire in
A.D. 133–136. It gets its name from the discovery of 40 bodies
during initial excavations decades before.
Unlike most of the Dead Sea Scrolls, which were written in
Hebrew and Aramaic, the fragments from the Cave of Horror
contain Greek letters. Scholars determined they came from a
Greek translation of the Book of the Twelve in Hebrew, what many
Christians call the Minor Prophets.
The job of reconstructing the original document is akin to
trying to assemble a thousand-piece jigsaw puzzle with only a
handful of pieces. The largest fragment contains portions of
Zechariah 8:16–17, and some smaller bits are identified as Nahum
1:5–6. These pieces appear to be connected to other previously
discovered fragments from the same cave along the ancient gorge
of Nahal Hever and were part of a single large scroll including
all of the minor prophets.
The text comes from the oldest physical scroll of the Greek
Bible we have, but it likely represents a development or
revision of the standard Greek translation—often referred to as
the Septuagint, LXX, or Old Greek.
Two characteristics found for the first time in this ancient
Greek translation correspond in remarkable ways to our modern
English Bibles.
First, the newly discovered pieces show a special treatment for
the four letters of God’s name, the Tetragrammaton (see Exodus
3:14–15). Instead of rendering the name in typical fashion with
the Greek word Kyrios, the name of God is represented in Hebrew
letters written right to left. It would be similar to us using
the Hebrew letters יהוה (YHWH) or
possibly the Latin DOMINUS in the middle of an English sentence.
This representation is significant because using specialized
characters for the divine name has carried through to our modern
Bibles. Most English Bibles represent the name as “the LORD”
with small capital letters, rather than representing its
supposed pronunciation Yahweh, as many scholars suggest. This
substitution follows the ancient tradition of reading Adonai, a
Hebrew word meaning “Lord,” or even HaShem “The Name,” in place
of representing God’s name according to its sound.
Moreover, the lettering for God’s name is not typical of most of
the other Dead Sea Scroll Hebrew manuscripts. It is an even
older script, sometimes called paleo-Hebrew, which was mostly
abandoned in everyday writing during the second temple period.
Think of it as the difference between our modern Latin lettering
and the calligraphic Fraktur or Gothic script, or possibly even
like Greek letters. Putting these representations into a
translated text provides both a foreignness to the writing and a
type of reverence for the name’s uniqueness.
The second correlation we find in the new fragments is evidence
of changing words to try to improve a new translation. The Minor
Prophets scroll represents a revision of an older Greek
translation of the Hebrew Bible. The original version was used
widely by Greek-speaking Jews in the first century throughout
the Mediterranean world, but at some point, a new translation
became warranted.
For Zechariah 8:17, the Old Greek translated the first word in
the Hebrew text (אִישׁ) as a
distributive term meaning “each other, another,” which put at
the end, similar to every major English version. For example,
the NIV reads, “Do not plot evil against each other.”
In the new fragment, the same term is translated by a different
Greek word at the beginning. Using an interlinear
approach—finding a corresponding word without accounting for the
context of its use—the verse starts by representing the same
Hebrew word as “man.” It forms an overliteral translation: “As
for a man, do not plot evil against his neighbor in your heart.”
It would seem that the efforts to render the Bible accurately
into common languages date back to our earliest textual evidence
of the Scriptures. Yet this difference anticipates the various
modern opinions about how best to represent God’s word in our
vernaculars.
These texts will undoubtably launch an array of research in
years to come, with other features possibly revealed through
multispectral imaging and digital magnification. As a biblical
scholar, I can imagine these ancient readers striving to
translate the Hebrew Scriptures that we read today and then
carrying these meaningful texts into the darkest moments of
their history to help them better understand God and their
world.
Our connection to these people through this ancient text—now
brought forward in tiny pieces, bit by bit—demonstrates the
profound human desire to seek God especially in our moments of
greatest trial and uncertainty.
Chip Hardy is associate professor of Old Testament and Semitic
Languages at Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary and the
author of Exegetical Gems from Biblical Hebrew: A Refreshing
Guide to Grammar and Interpretation.
#Post#: 29341--------------------------------------------------
Re: APOCRYPHA
By: patrick jane Date: May 14, 2021, 12:19 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
The Facts Behind the New Dead Sea Scrolls Discovery (Interview
with Craig Evans)
Is the latest discovery of new Dead Sea Scrolls reliable? How
were they found? What do they reveal? In this interview, I talk
with Craig Evans, one of the leading biblical scholars today,
about this fascinating new discovery.
1 hour
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dTNUUd9TDbo
#Post#: 29345--------------------------------------------------
Re: APOCRYPHA
By: guest116 Date: May 14, 2021, 3:10 pm
---------------------------------------------------------
Excellent watch. Very informative and the details on how they
determine the effects and authenticity of the new finds were so
interesting to me.
#Post#: 30999--------------------------------------------------
Re: APOCRYPHA
By: patrick jane Date: June 4, 2021, 3:01 pm
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[img]
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HTML https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2021/june/hobby-lobby-dirk-obbink-gospel-papyrus-theft-suit-7-million.html
Hobby Lobby Sues Oxford Professor for $7 Million
Ancient papyri with gospel texts were allegedly stolen.
Hobby Lobby would like its money back, and this time it’s not
saying please.
The Oklahoma-based craft store company has filed a federal
lawsuit demanding the return of more than $7 million from an
Oxford University classics professor who oversaw the world’s
largest collection of ancient Egyptian papyri.
Dirk Obbink, an American who was once awarded the MacArthur
Fellowship “genius grant” for his skill in rescuing and
interpreting papyrus fragments, allegedly stole 120 fragments
from the Egyptian Exploration Society’s collection of ancient
artifacts held at the Sackler Classics Library at Oxford.
Obbink then allegedly sold 32 of the 120 fragments to Hobby
Lobby, as the evangelical, family-owned business attempted to
build a world-class collection of biblical artifacts and launch
Museum of the Bible.
The professor, now 64, was arrested in Oxford in March 2020. The
criminal investigation is ongoing.
Hobby Lobby, in the meantime, would like its $7,095,100
returned, along with lawyer fees and “any further and different
relief as the Court deems just and proper,” according to the
lawsuit filed June 2.
Obbink frequently worked as a private dealer, in addition to his
position at Oxford. He authenticated artifacts for private
collectors and occasionally acted as go-between for buyers and
sellers.
According to the lawsuit, Obbink first sold papyri to Hobby
Lobby in February 2010. The company paid the professor $80,000.
Four months later, Hobby Lobby made a second purchase of
fragments and other antiquities, paying Obbink $350,000. In
November, it made a third purchase for $2.4 million.
Hobby Lobby bought two more lots of antiquities from the Oxford
professor in 2011 for a total of $1.8 million. There was a sixth
sale the following year that came to about $600,000.
The seventh and final sale was the largest: Obbink offered Hobby
Lobby four pieces of papyri from the first century bearing a few
verses each from Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
Two of the fragments contained the words of John the Baptist,
including the passage where he condemns the Pharisees and
Sadducees, saying “You brood of vipers, who warned you to flee
from the coming wrath? Produce fruit in keeping with repentance”
(Matt. 3:7).
Two contained the words of Jesus, including a passage where he
answers the question, “Who are you?” with “When you have lifted
up the Son of Man, then you will know that I am he, and that I
do nothing on my own but speak just what the Father has taught
me” (John 8:28).
The craft store company paid $1.8 million for the four fragments
and two other items, bringing their total purchases from Obbink
to more than $7 million. It wired the money to a bank in Ann
Arbor, Michigan.
Obbink, as part of the arrangement, hung on to the gospel
fragments for further study. Four years later, in December 2017,
the professor emailed his contact at Hobby Lobby to say there
had been a mistake. The gospel fragments actually weren’t his to
sell. They belonged to the collection he was charged with
overseeing for Oxford University.
Hobby Lobby demanded a refund, and heard nothing. Six months
later, it asked more firmly for the return of $760,000, and
Obbink wrote back that he didn’t have the money, according to
the lawsuit.
“I will be able to begin payments in the second half of July and
anticipate completing these by late August or early September,
perhaps sooner,” he wrote. “I hope this is okay, and I remain
committed to making full payment ASAP.”
By September 2019, he had only returned $10,000. He wrote Hobby
Lobby again.
“I crave your indulgence to exercise some patience,” Obbink
said. “I am convinced that this whole issue will be settled
latest by November and if complete payment is not made by then,
I will accept whatever actions you decide to take against me.”
The issue was not settled by November. The Museum of the Bible
contacted the Egyptian Exploration Society, and after comparing
notes, the British organization determined that 32 fragments
Hobby Lobby purchased from Obbink rightly belonged in the
Egyptian collection.
When the Egyptian Exploration Society examined its holdings of
more than 500,000 artifacts, it found another 88 fragments were
also missing. Someone had also tampered with the catalogue cards
and the photographic records of the documents.
Obbink was removed from the library and put on leave. Students
were informed by email that someone else would be teaching their
classes. The next spring, he was arrested.
The scandal has led to questions about the Oxford professor’s
other work. In 2014, Obbink claimed to have discovered two new
poems from the Greek poet Sappho. A 2020 article in the Bulletin
of the American Society of Papyrologists casts doubt on the
story of the discovery and the provenance of the fragments,
raising the possibility that the poems are forgeries.
“Scholars must scrutinize new discoveries carefully before
conducting or publishing research, and present their findings
transparently,” wrote C. Michael Sampson, classics professor at
the University of Manitoba. “Scholars [need to be] wary of the
antiquities market because academic appraisals add to objects’
commercial value, which can incentivize looting and the illegal
trade in antiquities.”
Steve Green, president of Hobby Lobby and chairman of the Museum
of the Bible, said that when the craft store company started
spending millions on biblical artifacts, it placed too much
trust in the antiquities market and “unscrupulous dealers.”
Hobby Lobby ended up paying for stolen items, forged
antiquities, and artifacts looted from the Middle East during
war.
The company has returned thousands of objects, paid for
extensive investigations, and double-checked the legitimacy of
the 60,000 items that remain in its collection. The thorough
effort has been praised by top scholars including Christopher
Rollston, an expert on the forgery of biblical antiquities, and
Lawrence Schiffman, a pioneer in the study of the Dead Sea
Scrolls.
“The museum deserves to be praised,” Schiffman said. “From the
day it opened, the museum told the truth. They have been
completely kosher about this.”
[img]
HTML https://www-images.christianitytoday.com/images/117427.jpg?w=700[/img]
Auction house covered up false purchase history for Gilgamesh
tablet, US Attorney alleges.
HTML https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2021/june/hobby-lobby-dirk-obbink-gospel-papyrus-theft-suit-7-million.html
Bible Museum Must Send One More Artifact Back to Iraq
Another ancient document is causing controversy for the Museum
of the Bible after a federal government prosecutor filed a claim
that a six-by-five-inch clay tablet was stolen from Iraq. The US
Attorney’s Office of Eastern New York says that Hobby Lobby
legally purchased the Gilgamesh Dream Tablet for $1.6 million to
loan to the museum, but the papers documenting the artifact’s
purchase history were false.
“In this case, a major auction house failed to meet its
obligations by minimizing its concerns that the provenance of an
important Iraqi artifact was fabricated, and withheld from the
buyer information that undermined the provenance’s reliability,"
said US Attorney Richard Donoghue, who filed a foreiture claim
on the Gilgamesh tablet on Monday.
In an official statement to Christianity Today, the Museum of
the Bible announced it has cooperated with the investigation and
is cooperating with authorities to return the tablet to Iraq.
The museum also said Hobby Lobby will sue the British auction
house that sold it the tablet. The Museum of the Bible
identified the auction house as Christie’s.
The clay tablet is a part of the Gilgamesh epic, which tells the
story of a great king who battles with gods and tries to
discover the secret to eternal life. It is considered one of the
world’s first great works of literature, dating to the Sumerian
civilization of Mesopotamia of more than 4,000 years ago. The
epic is also famous for including a flood narrative with
similarities to the biblical story of Noah’s flood. This tablet
has been dated to around 1600 BC and contains the account of a
dream, which is interpreted by the hero’s mother. Department of
Homeland Security agents seized it from the Bible museum in
September. It is now being held in a US Customs and Border
Protection facility in Queens, New York.
The importation of cultural property from war-torn Iraq has been
restricted, since nine museums were looted in 1991 during the
turmoil of the Gulf War. According to the US Attorney, the
cuneiform tablet was brought into the US illegally from London
in 2003 by an unnamed antiquities dealer. It was then sold to
another dealer in 2007 with false documents saying it was
purchased legitimately in a box of bronze artifacts in 1981. In
2014, Hobby Lobby purchased the tablet from an auction house and
donated it to the Museum of the Bible.
Museum officials started to investigate the provenance of the
tablet in 2017, in what the US Attorney calls “due diligence
research.” According to the US Attorney’s office, museum
officials took questions about the item to the auction house,
but auction house officials repeated the antiquities dealer’s
account of where it was purchased, withholding the falsified
provenance letter and the dealer’s name. The museum notified the
Iraqi embassy that it had the Gilgamesh tablet and committed
itself to independently researching the provenance of the item.
In April, the Museum of the Bible announced it would return
11,500 other clay seals and fragments of papyrus to the Iraqi
and Egyptian governments because they did not have complete
documentation and may have been looted.
A year ago, the museum agreed to return 13 Egyptian papyrus
fragments that were stolen from the University of Oxford. And in
2017, the federal government fined Hobby Lobby and ordered it to
return thousands of cuneiform tablets and other objects that
were illegally taken from war-torn Iraq and brought into the US
by a United Arab Emirates-based dealer who falsely labeled the
shipments as ceramic tiles.
“I trusted the wrong people to guide me, and unwittingly dealt
with unscrupulous dealers in those early years,” said Steve
Green, the president of Hobby Lobby and founder of the Museum of
the Bible, in an official statement in March. “My goal was
always to protect, preserve, study, and share cultural property
with the world. … If I learn of other items in the collection
for which another person or entity has a better claim, I will
continue to do the right thing with those items.”
[img]
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HTML https://www.christianitytoday.com/news/2020/april/dirk-obbink-bible-museum-mark-manuscript-oxford-arrest.html
Stealing Ancient Bible Texts from Oxford
Dirk Obbink accused of selling papyrus fragments to Hobby Lobby
and California collector.
An Oxford professor has been arrested on allegations of stealing
and selling as many as 120 ancient pieces of papyrus, including
a fragment of the Gospel of Mark once believed to be the oldest
New Testament text ever discovered.
Dirk Obbink, professor of papyrology and Greek literature at
Christ Church Oxford, was arrested on March 2. News of the
arrest broke last week in the student newspaper TheOxford Blue.
Obbink allegedly took the fragments from the Egypt Exploration
Society’s collection of about 500,000 artifacts discovered in
the ancient city of Oxyrynchus. The collection is housed at
Oxford’s Sackler Library, and Obbink was one of three scholars
charged with overseeing it until he was removed under a cloud of
suspicion in 2016.
Obbink has denied the allegations in an official statement and
said the evidence against him was “fabricated in a malicious
attempt to harm my reputation and career.”
The evidence is convincing, however, to some who’ve worked
closely with Obbink.
“It’s difficult seeing this ending well for Dirk,” said Jerry
Pattengale, a professor at Indiana Wesleyan University and one
of the founding scholars of the Museum of the Bible. “It’s sad
to think that such a gifted mind might have an abbreviated
contribution to the field of Greek papyrology.”
Obbink, originally from Nebraska, went to Oxford in the late
1990s and became director of a project to digitize ancient
papyri. The Oxyrynchus collection is a massive trove of
documents, including many biblical passages, uncovered in the
ruins of a Greek city in Egypt in the 1880s. Much like the Dead
Sea Scrolls, the fragments have given modern scholars a broad
window into the ancient world and affirmed the reliability of
biblical manuscripts.
Obbink became one of the trio of editors responsible with
publishing the Oxyrynchus Papyri and overseeing the scholars who
were given access to the collection. He was awarded a MacArthur
Fellowship—known as the “genius grant”—in 2001 for his skill in
rescuing and interpreting ancient manuscripts.
Report of major discovery
Obbink attracted the attention of some evangelical scholars in
2011 when he informally shared news about a fragment of Mark’s
Gospel found in the collection. Obbink told Pattengale and Scott
Carroll, two scholars who were working with the Museum of the
Bible at the time, that the fragment dated to the late first
century. The manuscript included a bit of the text of Jesus’
baptism, where John the Baptist tells the crowd, “I baptize you
with water, but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit” (Mark
1: 8 )
According to Obbink, the words might have been copied down
within 30 years of the date of the original biblical manuscript.
There are no known biblical manuscripts from earlier than the
second century, so this was a major discovery. (The fragment is
now believed to date to the second or third century.)
Carroll passed the news to Daniel Wallace, executive director of
the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts, and
Wallace mentioned the purported discovery in a public debate
with Bart Ehrmann, a religious studies professor at the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in February 2012.
The news created a buzz but wasn’t followed by any additional
information. There was no academic paper substantiating the
claims. A number of scholars who said they had seen the fragment
told other scholars at the time that they were not allowed to
talk about it because of non-disclosure agreements. Questions
about the Gospel discovery went unanswered.
Alleged antiquities sales
At about the same time, Obbink reportedly took 13 bits of
papyrus and sold them to Hobby Lobby. The sale did not include
the Mark fragment but did include parts of Genesis, Psalms, and
Romans, according to the Egypt Exploration Society (EES).
Steve Green, the president of Hobby Lobby, was buying thousands
of artifacts for the Museum of the Bible, which he launched in
2017. He ultimately ended up with a collection of about 60,000
objects, including about 17,000 tablets, seals, and fragments
that were likely looted from Iraq and Egypt; 16 pieces of the
Dead Sea Scrolls that were later discovered to be forgeries; and
13 bits of papyrus that were improperly taken from an Oxford
library. (Green has recently apologized, and the Museum of the
Bible in Washington, DC, is in the process of returning all the
stolen artifacts and developing an exhibit on antiquities
forgery.)
Then in 2013, Obbink allegedly sold Hobby Lobby four more
fragments from the gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John,
each from “Egypt Circa 0100 AD,” according to the purchase
agreement that appears to be signed by Obbink. The amount paid
for the fragments is unknown, though Pattengale called it a
“considerable sum.”
The purchase agreement stipulated that the physical documents
wouldn’t be transferred to Hobby Lobby for four years but would
stay with Obbink for research. During the period, news that the
Museum of the Bible owned the exciting new discovery of a
possible first-century fragment of the gospel of Mark prompted
EES to clarify that the papyrus was not for sale and had never
been for sale. Then the Museum of the Bible produced the
purchase agreement, and an investigation began.
Internal investigation
EES launched a systematic check of the collection, to see what
else might have been stolen. They found that not only were more
than 100 fragments missing, someone had removed the catalogue
cards and the photograph recording the items location in the
collection.
Seven were found in California, in the private collection of
Andrew Stimmer, chairman of Hope Partners International, an
evangelical ministry serving children in Costa Rica, Kenya, and
India. To date, it is not clear how Stimmer got the texts, which
included bits of Exodus, Ecclesiastes, and 1 Corinthians. He has
agreed to return them to Oxford.
Obbink was not reappointed to his editorial position in 2016. In
June 2019, EES blocked Obbink from even accessing the
collection, and in October, Obbink was suspended from Oxford.
The next month, local police received a report that as many as
120 artifacts were stolen from the Oxyrynchus Collection at the
Sackler Library. The police investigation is ongoing.
It is not known how much the stolen antiquities are worth. Carl
Graves, director of EES, said he doesn’t think of the objects in
those terms.
“They are testament to Egypt’s early Christian heritage and are
early evidence of biblical Scripture,” he told the Guardian. “We
don’t value them monetarily but they are priceless and
irreplaceable.”
Money corrupts
According to Pattengale, however, the money the Green family
spent acquiring artifacts for the Museum of the Bible caused a
number of people to seem to go crazy. “We were approached by
dealers … in the oddest of ways,” he wrote in CT.
“After speaking at Liberty University, I went to shake a
fellow’s hand at the end of the greeting line. Instead, he
pulled out a paper tube from beneath his trench coat and tried
to show me a Megillah (Esther scroll) he wanted to sell. … One
fellow kept calling about a buried boxcar of antiquities in
Texas, another claiming ownership of something from Jesus’ birth
stable, and yet another with plaster casts of the first-century
tomb in Jerusalem.”
Obbink may have also been motivated by the possibility of the
money. But unlike most people, had access to half a million
antiquities.
Christopher Rollston, professor of Semitic languages and
literatures at George Washington University, said money has done
a lot of damage to the study of biblical antiquities.
“The antiquities market is a blight on the field,” Rollston
said. “It is corrosive and destructive, and scholars, museums,
and the public must have nothing to do with it. Those who do, do
so at their peril, as this tragic story demonstrates in spades.”
#Post#: 36269--------------------------------------------------
Re: APOCRYPHA
By: patrick jane Date: December 22, 2021, 7:43 am
---------------------------------------------------------
Revisiting the Apocrypha
During the Reformation, Martin Luther and Protestant Christians
argued that everyone should be able to read the Bible in his or
her own language. When they went back to the Hebrew texts of the
Old Testament, they realized that the Latin Christian Bible
included a number of books that Jews did not consider scripture.
The Reformers stripped these books from the canon, calling them
the “Apocrypha” or hidden books. We'll take a look at these
books that the Reformers hid away and consider why they made it
into the early Christian canon and not the Jewish canon.
1 hour 37 minutes
HTML https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-j3kd_1qNzU&list=WL&index=8
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