### Navigation

- index
- modules |
- next |
- previous |
- Python »
- 3.5.0a3 Documentation »
- The Python Standard Library »
- 25. Graphical User Interfaces with Tk »

# 25.5. IDLE

IDLE is the Python IDE built with the `tkinter` GUI toolkit.

IDLE has the following features:

- coded in 100% pure Python, using the `tkinter` GUI toolkit
- cross-platform: works on Windows, Unix, and Mac OS X
- multi-window text editor with multiple undo, Python colorizing, smart indent, call tips, and many other features
- Python shell window (a.k.a. interactive interpreter)
- debugger (not complete, but you can set breakpoints, view and step)

## 25.5.1. Menus

IDLE has two main window types, the Shell window and the Editor window. It is possible to have multiple editor windows simultaneously. Output windows, such as used for Edit / Find in Files, are a subtype of edit window. They currently have the same top menu as Editor windows but a different default title and context menu.

IDLE’s menus dynamically change based on which window is currently selected. Each menu documented below indicates which window type it is associated with. Click on the dotted line at the top of a menu to “tear it off”: a separate window containing the menu is created (for Unix and Windows only).

### 25.5.1.1. File menu (Shell and Editor)

New File
  Create a new file editing window.
Open...
  Open an existing file with an Open dialog.
Recent Files
  Open a list of recent files. Click one to open it.
Open Module...
  Open an existing module (searches sys.path).

Class Browser
  Show functions, classes, and methods in the current Editor file in a tree structure. In the shell, open a module first.
Path Browser
  Show sys.path directories, modules, functions, classes and methods in a tree structure.
Save
  Save the current window to the associated file, if there is one. Windows that have been changed since being opened or last saved have a * before and after the window title. If there is no associated file, do Save As instead.
Save As...
  Save the current window with a Save As dialog. The file saved becomes the new associated file for the window.
Save Copy As...
  Save the current window to different file without changing the associated file.
Print Window
  Print the current window to the default printer.
Close
  Close the current window (ask to save if unsaved).
Exit
  Close all windows and quit IDLE (ask to save unsaved windows).

### 25.5.1.2. Edit menu (Shell and Editor)

Undo
  Undo the last change to the current window. A maximum of 1000 changes may be undone.
Redo
  Redo the last undone change to the current window.
Cut
  Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard; then delete the selection.
Copy
  Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard.
Paste
  Insert contents of the system-wide clipboard into the current window.

The clipboard functions are also available in context menus.

Select All
  Select the entire contents of the current window.
Find...
  Open a search dialog with many options
Find Again
  Repeat the last search, if there is one.
Find Selection
  Search for the currently selected string, if there is one.
Find in Files...
  Open a file search dialog. Put results in an new output window.
Replace...
  Open a search-and-replace dialog.
Go to Line
  Move cursor to the line number requested and make that line visible.
Show Completions
  Open a scrollable list allowing selection of keywords and attributes. See Completions in the Tips sections below.
Expand Word
  Expand a prefix you have typed to match a full word in the same window; repeat to get a different expansion.
Show call tip
  After an unclosed parenthesis for a function, open a small window with function parameter hints.
Show surrounding parens
  Highlight the surrounding parenthesis.

### 25.5.1.3. Format menu (Editor window only)

Indent Region
  Shift selected lines right by the indent width (default 4 spaces).
Dedent Region
  Shift selected lines left by the indent width (default 4 spaces).
Comment Out Region
  Insert ## in front of selected lines.
Uncomment Region
  Remove leading # or ## from selected lines.
Tabify Region
  Turn leading stretches of spaces into tabs. (Note: We recommend using 4 space blocks to indent Python code.)
Untabify Region
  Turn all tabs into the correct number of spaces.
Toggle Tabs
  Open a dialog to switch between indenting with spaces and tabs.
New Indent Width
  Open a dialog to change indent width. The accepted default by the Python community is 4 spaces.
Format Paragraph
  Reformat the current blank-line-delimited paragraph in comment block or multiline string or selected line in a string. All lines in the paragraph will be formatted to less than N columns, where N defaults to 72.
Strip trailing whitespace
  Remove any space characters after the last non-space character of a line.

### 25.5.1.4. Run menu (Editor window only)

Python Shell
  Open or wake up the Python Shell window.
Check Module
  Check the syntax of the module currently open in the Editor window. If the module has not been saved IDLE will either prompt the user to save or autosave, as selected in the General tab of the Idle Settings dialog. If there is a syntax error, the approximate location is indicated in the Editor window.
Run Module
  Do Check Module (above). If no error, restart the shell to clean the environment, then execute the module.

### 25.5.1.5. Shell menu (Shell window only)

View Last Restart
  Scroll the shell window to the last Shell restart.
Restart Shell
  Restart the shell to clean the environment.

### 25.5.1.6. Debug menu (Shell window only)

Go to File/Line
  Look on the current line. with the cursor, and the line above for a filename and line number. If found, open the file if not already open, and show the line. Use this to view source lines referenced in an exception traceback and lines found by Find in Files. Also available in the context menu of the Shell window and Output windows.

Debugger (toggle)
  When actived, code entered in the Shell or run from an Editor will run under the debugger. In the Editor, breakpoints can be set with the context menu. This feature is still incomplete and somewhat experimental.
Stack Viewer
  Show the stack traceback of the last exception in a tree widget, with access to locals and globals.
Auto-open Stack Viewer
  Toggle automatically opening the stack viewer on an unhandled exception.

### 25.5.1.7. Options menu (Shell and Editor)

Configure IDLE
  Open a configuration dialog. Fonts, indentation, keybindings, and color themes may be altered. Startup Preferences may be set, and additional help sources can be specified. Non-default user setting are saved in a .idlerc directory in the user’s home directory. Problems caused by bad user configuration files are solved by editing or deleting one or more of the files in .idlerc.
Configure Extensions
  Open a configuration dialog for setting preferences for extensions (discussed below). See note above about the location of user settings.
Code Context (toggle)(Editor Window only)
  Open a pane at the top of the edit window which shows the block context of the code which has scrolled above the top of the window.

### 25.5.1.8. Window menu (Shell and Editor)

Zoom Height
  Toggles the window between normal size and maximum height. The initial size defaults to 40 lines by 80 chars unless changed on the General tab of the Configure IDLE dialog.

The rest of this menu lists the names of all open windows; select one to bring it to the foreground (deiconifying it if necessary).

### 25.5.1.9. Help menu (Shell and Editor)

About IDLE
  Display version, copyright, license, credits, and more.
IDLE Help
  Display a help file for IDLE detailing the menu options, basic editing and navigation, and other tips.
Python Docs
  Access local Python documentation, if installed, or start a web browser and open docs.python.org showing the latest Python documentation.
Turtle Demo
  Run the turtledemo module with example python code and turtle drawings.

Additional help sources may be added here with the Configure IDLE dialog under the General tab.

### 25.5.1.10. Context Menus

Open a context menu by right-clicking in a window (Control-click on OS X). Context menus have the standard clipboard functions also on the Edit menu.

Cut
  Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard; then delete the selection.
Copy
  Copy selection into the system-wide clipboard.
Paste
  Insert contents of the system-wide clipboard into the current window.

Editor windows also have breakpoint functions. Lines with a breakpoint set are specially marked. Breakpoints only have an effect when running under the debugger. Breakpoints for a file are saved in the user’s .idlerc directory.

Set Breakpoint
  Set a breakpoint on the current line.
Clear Breakpoint
  Clear the breakpoint on that line.

Shell and Output windows have the following.

Go to file/line
  Same as in Debug menu.

## 25.5.2. Editing and navigation

In this section, ‘C’ refers to the Control key on Windows and Unix and the Command key on Mac OSX.

- `Backspace` deletes to the left; `Del` deletes to the right

- `C-Backspace` delete word left; `C-Del` delete word to the right

- Arrow keys and `Page Up`/`Page Down` to move around

- `C-LeftArrow` and `C-RightArrow` moves by words

- `Home`/`End` go to begin/end of line

- `C-Home`/`C-End` go to begin/end of file

- Some useful Emacs bindings are inherited from Tcl/Tk:

  > - `C-a` beginning of line
  > - `C-e` end of line
  > - `C-k` kill line (but doesn’t put it in clipboard)
  > - `C-l` center window around the insertion point
  > - `C-b` go backwards one character without deleting (usually you can also use the cursor key for this)
  > - `C-f` go forward one character without deleting (usually you can also use the cursor key for this)
  > - `C-p` go up one line (usually you can also use the cursor key for this)
  > - `C-d` delete next character

Standard keybindings (like `C-c` to copy and `C-v` to paste) may work. Keybindings are selected in the Configure IDLE dialog.

### 25.5.2.1. Automatic indentation

After a block-opening statement, the next line is indented by 4 spaces (in the Python Shell window by one tab). After certain keywords (break, return etc.) the next line is dedented. In leading indentation, `Backspace` deletes up to 4 spaces if they are there. `Tab` inserts spaces (in the Python Shell window one tab), number depends on Indent width. Currently tabs are restricted to four spaces due to Tcl/Tk limitations.

See also the indent/dedent region commands in the edit menu.

### 25.5.2.2. Completions

Completions are supplied for functions, classes, and attributes of classes, both built-in and user-defined. Completions are also provided for filenames.

The AutoCompleteWindow (ACW) will open after a predefined delay (default is two seconds) after a ‘.’ or (in a string) an os.sep is typed. If after one of those characters (plus zero or more other characters) a tab is typed the ACW will open immediately if a possible continuation is found.

If there is only one possible completion for the characters entered, a `Tab` will supply that completion without opening the ACW.

‘Show Completions’ will force open a completions window, by default the `C-space` will open a completions window. In an empty string, this will contain the files in the current directory. On a blank line, it will contain the built-in and user-defined functions and classes in the current name spaces, plus any modules imported. If some characters have been entered, the ACW will attempt to be more specific.

If a string of characters is typed, the ACW selection will jump to the entry most closely matching those characters. Entering a `tab` will cause the longest non-ambiguous match to be entered in the Editor window or Shell. Two `tab` in a row will supply the current ACW selection, as will return or a double click. Cursor keys, Page Up/Down, mouse selection, and the scroll wheel all operate on the ACW.

“Hidden” attributes can be accessed by typing the beginning of hidden name after a ‘.’, e.g. ‘_’. This allows access to modules with `__all__` set, or to class-private attributes.

Completions and the ‘Expand Word’ facility can save a lot of typing!

Completions are currently limited to those in the namespaces. Names in an Editor window which are not via `__main__` and `sys.modules` will not be found. Run the module once with your imports to correct this situation. Note that IDLE itself places quite a few modules in sys.modules, so much can be found by default, e.g. the re module.

If you don’t like the ACW popping up unbidden, simply make the delay longer or disable the extension. Or another option is the delay could be set to zero. Another alternative to preventing ACW popups is to disable the call tips extension.

### 25.5.2.3. Python Shell window

- `C-c` interrupts executing command

- `C-d` sends end-of-file; closes window if typed at a `>>>` prompt

- `Alt-/` (Expand word) is also useful to reduce typing

  Command history

  - `Alt-p` retrieves previous command matching what you have typed. On OS X use `C-p`.
  - `Alt-n` retrieves next. On OS X use `C-n`.
  - `Return` while on any previous command retrieves that command

## 25.5.3. Syntax colors

The coloring is applied in a background “thread,” so you may occasionally see uncolorized text. To change the color scheme, edit the `[Colors]` section in `config.txt`.

Python syntax colors:
  Keywords
    orange
  Strings
    green
  Comments
    red
  Definitions
    blue
Shell colors:
  Console output
    brown
  stdout
    blue
  stderr
    dark green
  stdin
    black

## 25.5.4. Startup

Upon startup with the `-s` option, IDLE will execute the file referenced by the environment variables `IDLESTARTUP` or `PYTHONSTARTUP`. IDLE first checks for `IDLESTARTUP`; if `IDLESTARTUP` is present the file referenced is run. If `IDLESTARTUP` is not present, IDLE checks for `PYTHONSTARTUP`. Files referenced by these environment variables are convenient places to store functions that are used frequently from the IDLE shell, or for executing import statements to import common modules.

In addition, `Tk` also loads a startup file if it is present. Note that the Tk file is loaded unconditionally. This additional file is `.Idle.py` and is looked for in the user’s home directory. Statements in this file will be executed in the Tk namespace, so this file is not useful for importing functions to be used from IDLE’s Python shell.

### 25.5.4.1. Command line usage

    idle.py [-c command] [-d] [-e] [-s] [-t title] [arg] ...

    -c command  run this command
    -d          enable debugger
    -e          edit mode; arguments are files to be edited
    -s          run $IDLESTARTUP or $PYTHONSTARTUP first
    -t title    set title of shell window

If there are arguments:

1. If `-e` is used, arguments are files opened for editing and `sys.argv` reflects the arguments passed to IDLE itself.
2. Otherwise, if `-c` is used, all arguments are placed in `sys.argv[1:...]`, with `sys.argv[0]` set to `'-c'`.
3. Otherwise, if neither `-e` nor `-c` is used, the first argument is a script which is executed with the remaining arguments in `sys.argv[1:...]` and `sys.argv[0]` set to the script name. If the script name is ‘-‘, no script is executed but an interactive Python session is started; the arguments are still available in `sys.argv`.

### 25.5.4.2. Running without a subprocess

If IDLE is started with the -n command line switch it will run in a single process and will not create the subprocess which runs the RPC Python execution server. This can be useful if Python cannot create the subprocess or the RPC socket interface on your platform. However, in this mode user code is not isolated from IDLE itself. Also, the environment is not restarted when Run/Run Module (F5) is selected. If your code has been modified, you must reload() the affected modules and re-import any specific items (e.g. from foo import baz) if the changes are to take effect. For these reasons, it is preferable to run IDLE with the default subprocess if at all possible.

Deprecated since version 3.4.

## 25.5.5. Help and preferences

### 25.5.5.1. Additional help sources

IDLE includes a help menu entry called “Python Docs” that will open the extensive sources of help, including tutorials, available at docs.python.org. Selected URLs can be added or removed from the help menu at any time using the Configure IDLE dialog. See the IDLE help option in the help menu of IDLE for more information.

### 25.5.5.2. Setting preferences

The font preferences, highlighting, keys, and general preferences can be changed via Configure IDLE on the Option menu. Keys can be user defined; IDLE ships with four built in key sets. In addition a user can create a custom key set in the Configure IDLE dialog under the keys tab.

### 25.5.5.3. Extensions

IDLE contains an extension facility. Peferences for extensions can be changed with Configure Extensions. See the beginning of config-extensions.def in the idlelib directory for further information. The default extensions are currently:

- FormatParagraph
- AutoExpand
- ZoomHeight
- ScriptBinding
- CallTips
- ParenMatch
- AutoComplete
- CodeContext
- RstripExtension

### Navigation

- index
- modules |
- next |
- previous |
- Python »
- 3.5.0a3 Documentation »
- The Python Standard Library »
- 25. Graphical User Interfaces with Tk »