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# Data Types

The modules described in this chapter provide a variety of specialized data types such as dates and times, fixed-type arrays, heap queues, synchronized queues, and sets.

Python also provides some built-in data types, in particular, `dict`, `list`, `set` (which along with `frozenset`, replaces the deprecated `sets` module), and `tuple`. The `str` class can be used to handle binary data and 8-bit text, and the `unicode` class to handle Unicode text.

The following modules are documented in this chapter:

- `datetime` — Basic date and time types
  - Available Types
  - `timedelta` Objects
  - `date` Objects
  - `datetime` Objects
  - `time` Objects
  - `tzinfo` Objects
  - `strftime` Behavior

- `calendar` — General calendar-related functions

- `collections` — High-performance container datatypes
  - ABCs - abstract base classes
  - `deque` objects
    - `deque` Recipes
  - `defaultdict` objects
    - `defaultdict` Examples
  - `namedtuple` Factory Function for Tuples with Named Fields

- `heapq` — Heap queue algorithm
  - Theory

- `bisect` — Array bisection algorithm
  - Examples

- `array` — Efficient arrays of numeric values

- `sets` — Unordered collections of unique elements
  - Set Objects
  - Example
  - Protocol for automatic conversion to immutable
  - Comparison to the built-in `set` types

- `sched` — Event scheduler
  - Scheduler Objects

- `mutex` — Mutual exclusion support
  - Mutex Objects

- `queue` — A synchronized queue class
  - Queue Objects

- `weakref` — Weak references
  - Weak Reference Objects
  - Example

- `UserDict` — Class wrapper for dictionary objects
- `UserList` — Class wrapper for list objects
- `UserString` — Class wrapper for string objects

- `types` — Names for built-in types

- `new` — Creation of runtime internal objects

- `copy` — Shallow and deep copy operations

- `pprint` — Data pretty printer
  - PrettyPrinter Objects
  - pprint Example

- `repr` — Alternate `repr` implementation
  - Repr Objects
  - Subclassing Repr Objects

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