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/F0 12/Times-Roman@0 SF(U)242.785 36 Q/F1 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(NIX)A F0
(Summary \(DRAFT\))3 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(A. Hard)72 84 Q(war)-.15 E
(e)-.18 E F1(U)72 108 Q/F3 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(NIX)A F1
(runs on a DEC PDP11/40*, 11/45 or 11/70 with at least the follo)2.5 E
(wing equipment:)-.25 E(48K to 124K w)122 120 Q
(ords of managed memory: parity not used,)-.1 E
(disk: RP03, RP04, RK05\(preferably 2\) or equi)122 132 Q -.25(va)-.25 G
(lent,).25 E(console type)122 144 Q(writer)-.25 E(,)-.4 E
(clock: KW11-L or KW11-P)122 156 Q(,)-1.11 E -.15(ex)122 168 S
(tended instruction set KE11-E, on 11/40 only).15 E(.)-.65 E
(The system is normally distrib)72 180 Q
(uted on 9-track tape or RK05 packs.)-.2 E(The follo)72 192 Q
(wing equipment is strongly recommended:)-.25 E
(communications controllers such as DL11, DC11 or DH11,)122 204 Q
(full duple)122 216 Q 2.5(x9)-.15 G(6-character ASCII terminals,)-2.5 E
(9-track tape, or e)122 228 Q(xtra disk for system backup.)-.15 E .485(\
The minimum memory and disk space speci\214ed is enough to run and main\
tain U)72 240 R F3(NIX)A F1 5.485(.M)C .485(ore will be needed to k)
-5.485 F(eep)-.1 E .399(all source on line, or to handle a lar)72 252 R
.4(ge number of users, big data bases, di)-.18 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .4
(rsi\214ed complements of de).15 F .4(vices, or lar)-.25 F(ge)-.18 E
3.487(programs. U)72 264 R F3(NIX)A F1 .987(does sw)3.487 F .986(apping\
 and reentrant sharing of user code to minimize main memory requirement\
s.)-.1 F(The)5.986 E(resident code of U)72 276 Q F3(NIX)A F1
(occupies 20-22K depending on con\214guration.)2.5 E .898
(An 11/40 is not advisable for hea)72 300 R .898(vy \215oating point w)
-.2 F .899(ork, as U)-.1 F F3(NIX)A F1 .899(on this hardw)3.399 F .899
(are uses interpreted 11/45 \215oating)-.1 F(point.)72 312 Q F2
(B. Softwar)72 336 Q(e)-.18 E F1 .898(All the programs a)72 360 R -.25
(va)-.2 G .898(ilable as U).25 F F3(NIX)A F1 .897(commands are listed.)
3.397 F(Ev)5.897 E .897
(ery command, including all options, is issued as just)-.15 F .383
(one line, unless speci\214cally noted as `)72 372 R(`interacti)-.74 E
-.15(ve)-.25 G -.74('').15 G 5.383(.I).74 G(nteracti)-5.383 E .683 -.15
(ve p)-.25 H .383(rograms can be made to run from a prepared script).15
F(simply by redirecting input.)72 384 Q .54(File processing commands th\
at go from standard input to standard output are noted as usable as \
\214lters.)72 408 R .539(The piping)5.539 F -.1(fa)72 420 S(cility of t\
he Shell may be used to connect \214lters directly to the input or outp\
ut of other programs.).1 E 2.011(Commercially distrib)72 444 R 2.011
(uted U)-.2 F F3(NIX)A F1 2.012(normally e)4.512 F 2.012(xcludes softw)
-.15 F 2.012(are listed in Section 5, `)-.1 F(`T)-.74 E(ypesetting.)-.8
E 5.992 -.74('' S)-.7 H 2.012(ource code is).74 F(included e)72 456 Q
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F1 1.005(This package includes time-sharing operating system with utili\
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(for the programming language C\212enough softw)72 516 R 1.116
(are to write and run ne)-.1 F 3.616(wa)-.25 G 1.117
(pplications and to maintain or modify)-3.616 F(U)72 528 Q F3(NIX)A F1
(itself.)2.5 E F2(1.1 Operating System)72 552 Q .4 LW 77.5 576 72.5 576
DL 77.5 571 77.5 576 DL 72.5 571 77.5 571 DL 72.5 576 72.5 571 DL F1
(UNIX)80.5 576 Q .862(The basic resident code on which e)142 576 R -.15
(ve)-.25 G .862(rything else depends.).15 F .862
(Supports the system calls, and main-)5.862 F 2.377
(tains the \214le system.)142 588 R 4.877(Ag)7.377 G 2.377
(eneral description of U)-4.877 F F3(NIX)A F1 2.377(design philosoph)
4.877 F 4.878(ya)-.05 G 2.378(nd system f)-4.878 F(acilities)-.1 E
(appeared in the Communications of the A)142 600 Q(CM, July)-.4 E 2.5
(,1)-.65 G 2.5(974. Further)-2.5 F(capabilities include:)2.5 E 2.5<8341>
142 612 S(utomatically supported reentrant code.)-2.5 E 2.5<8353>142 624
S(eparate instruction and data spaces on 11/45 and 11/70.)-2.5 E 2.5
<8360>142 636 S(`Group')-3.24 E 2.5('a)-.74 G(ccess permissions allo)
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<8354>142 648 S(imer)-2.85 E
(-interrupt sampling and interprocess monitoring for deb)-.2 E
(ugging and measurement.)-.2 E 77.5 672 72.5 672 DL 77.5 667 77.5 672 DL
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(Printed manuals for U)142 672 Q F3(NIX)A F1(and all its softw)2.5 E
(are, e)-.1 E(xcept where other manuals e)-.15 E(xist.)-.15 E 2.5<8355>
142 684 S F3(NIX)-2.5 E F1(Programmer')2.5 E 2.5(sM)-.55 G(anual.)-2.5 E
2.5<8354>142 696 S(he U)-2.5 E F3(NIX)A F1 -.35(Ti)2.5 G
(me-Sharing System, reprint setting forth design principles.).35 E 2.5
<8355>142 708 S F3(NIX)-2.5 E F1(for Be)2.5 E(ginners.)-.15 E(1)303.5
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(Summary)2.5 E 2.5<8354>142 60 S(he U)-2.5 E F1(NIX)A F0(I-O System.)2.5
E 2.5<834f>142 72 S 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he Security of U)-2.5 E F1(NIX)A F0(.)
A .4 LW 77.5 96 72.5 96 DL 77.5 91 77.5 96 DL 72.5 91 77.5 91 DL 72.5 96
72.5 91 DL(\(DEV\))80.5 96 Q .369(All I/O is logically synchronous.)142
96 R(Normally)5.368 E 2.868(,i)-.65 G -.4(nv)-2.868 G .368(isible b).4 F
(uf)-.2 E .368(fering mak)-.25 F .368(es all ph)-.1 F .368
(ysical record structure)-.05 F .946(transparent and e)142 108 R .946
(xploits the hardw)-.15 F(are')-.1 E 3.447(sa)-.55 G .947
(bility to do o)-3.447 F -.15(ve)-.15 G .947(rlapped I/O.).15 F(Unb)
5.947 E(uf)-.2 E .947(fered ph)-.25 F .947(ysical record)-.05 F .181
(I/O is a)142 120 R -.25(va)-.2 G .181(ilable for unusual applications.)
.25 F(Dri)5.181 E -.15(ve)-.25 G .181(rs for these de).15 F .181
(vices are a)-.25 F -.25(va)-.2 G .18(ilable; others can be eas-).25 F
(ily written:)142 132 Q 2.5<8341>142 144 S(synchronous interf)-2.5 E
(aces: DC11, DH11, DL11.)-.1 E(Support for most common ASCII terminals.)
5 E 2.5<8353>142 156 S(ynchronous interf)-2.5 E(ace: DP11.)-.1 E 2.5
<8341>142 168 S(utomatic calling unit interf)-2.5 E(ace: DN11.)-.1 E 2.5
<834c>142 180 S(ine printer: LP11.)-2.5 E 2.5<834d>142 192 S
(agnetic tape: TU10 and TU16.)-2.5 E 2.5<8344>142 204 S(ECtape*: TC11.)
-2.5 E 2.5<8350>142 216 S(aper tape: PC11.)-2.65 E 2.5<8346>142 228 S
(ix)-2.5 E(ed head disk: RS11, RS03 and RS04.)-.15 E 2.5<8350>142 240 S
1.623(ack type disk: RP03 and RP04, one or more logical de)-2.65 F 1.624
(vices per ph)-.25 F 1.624(ysical de)-.05 F 1.624(vice, minimum-)-.25 F
(latenc)148 252 Q 2.5(ys)-.15 G(eek scheduling.)-2.5 E 2.5<8343>142 264
S(artridge-type disk: RK05, one or more ph)-2.5 E(ysical de)-.05 E
(vices per logical de)-.25 E(vice.)-.25 E 2.5<834e>142 276 S(ull de)-2.5
E(vice.)-.25 E 2.5<8350>142 288 S -.05(hy)-2.5 G
(sical memory of PDP11, or mapped memory in resident system.).05 E 2.5
<8350>142 300 S(hototypesetter: Graphic Systems System/1 through DR11C.)
-2.5 E 2.5<8356>142 312 S(oice synthesizer: V)-3.79 E F1 -.32(OT)C(RAX)
.32 E F0 2.5(*t)C(hrough DC11.)-2.5 E(Includes T)5 E F1(OUCH)A F0(-T)A
F1(ONE)A F0 2.5<ae69>C(nput.)-2.5 E 77.5 336 72.5 336 DL 77.5 331 77.5
336 DL 72.5 331 77.5 331 DL 72.5 336 72.5 331 DL(BOO)80.5 336 Q(T)-.4 E
(Procedures to get U)142 336 Q F1(NIX)A F0(up on a nak)2.5 E
(ed machine.)-.1 E 77.5 360 72.5 360 DL 77.5 355 77.5 360 DL 72.5 355
77.5 355 DL 72.5 360 72.5 355 DL(Manual)80.5 360 Q(Setting up U)142 360
Q F1(NIX)A F0(.)A 77.5 384 72.5 384 DL 77.5 379 77.5 384 DL 72.5 379
77.5 379 DL 72.5 384 72.5 379 DL(MKCONF)80.5 384 Q -.8(Ta)142 384 S
1.092(ilor de).8 F 1.092(vice-dependent system code to hardw)-.25 F
1.092(are con\214guration.)-.1 F 1.092(Other changes, such as optimal)
6.092 F .537(assignment of directories to de)142 396 R .537
(vices, inclusion of \215oating point simulator)-.25 F 3.037(,o)-.4 G
3.037(ri)-3.037 G .537(nstallation of de)-3.037 F(vice)-.25 E .27
(names in \214le system can then be made at leisure.)142 408 R .27
(\(As distrib)5.27 F .27(uted, U)-.2 F F1(NIX)A F0 .27
(can be brought up directly)2.77 F(on an)142 420 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(cceptable CPU with an)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(cceptable disk, an)-2.5 E
2.5(ys)-.15 G(uf)-2.5 E(\214cient amount of core and either clock.\))
-.25 E 77.5 444 72.5 444 DL 77.5 439 77.5 444 DL 72.5 439 77.5 439 DL
72.5 444 72.5 439 DL(Manual)80.5 444 Q(Printed manual on setting up U)
142 444 Q F1(NIX)A F0(.)A/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(1.2 User Access Contr)72
468 Q(ol)-.18 E 77.5 492 72.5 492 DL 77.5 487 77.5 492 DL 72.5 487 77.5
487 DL 72.5 492 72.5 487 DL F0(LOGIN)80.5 492 Q(Sign on as a ne)142 492
Q 2.5(wu)-.25 G(ser)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 2.5<8356>142 504 S(erify passw)-3.61
E(ord and establish user')-.1 E 2.5(si)-.55 G(ndi)-2.5 E
(vidual and group \(project\) identity)-.25 E(.)-.65 E 2.5<8341>142 516
S(dapt to characteristics of terminal.)-2.5 E 2.5<8345>142 528 S
(stablish w)-2.5 E(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E 2.5<8341>142 540 S
(nnounce presence of mail \(from MAIL\).)-2.5 E 2.5<8350>142 552 S
(ublish message of the day)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E 2.5<8353>142 564 S
(tart command interpreter or other initial program.)-2.5 E 77.5 588 72.5
588 DL 77.5 583 77.5 588 DL 72.5 583 77.5 583 DL 72.5 588 72.5 583 DL
-.92(PA)80.5 588 S(SSWD).92 E(Change a passw)142 588 Q(ord.)-.1 E 2.5
<8355>142 600 S(ser can change his o)-2.5 E(wn passw)-.25 E(ord.)-.1 E
2.5<8350>142 612 S(assw)-2.65 E(ords are k)-.1 E
(ept encrypted for better security)-.1 E(.)-.65 E 77.5 636 72.5 636 DL
77.5 631 77.5 636 DL 72.5 631 77.5 631 DL 72.5 636 72.5 631 DL(NEWGRP)
80.5 636 Q(Change w)142 636 Q(orking group \(project\).)-.1 E
(Protects ag)5 E(ainst changes to unauthorized projects.)-.05 E F2
(1.3 File Manipulation)72 660 Q 77.5 684 72.5 684 DL 77.5 679 77.5 684
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.717(Concatenate one or more \214les onto standard output.)142 684 R
-.15(Pa)5.717 G .717(rticularly used for unadorned printing, for).15 F
(inserting data into a pipeline, and for b)142 696 Q(uf)-.2 E
(fering output that comes in dribs and drabs.)-.25 E 2.5<8355>142 708 S
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(Summary)2.5 E .4 LW 77.5 60 72.5 60 DL 77.5 55 77.5 60 DL 72.5 55 77.5
55 DL 72.5 60 72.5 55 DL(CP)80.5 60 Q(Cop)142 60 Q 2.5(yo)-.1 G
(ne \214le to another)-2.5 E 5(.W)-.55 G(orks on an)-5.8 E 2.5<798c>-.15
G(le without distinction as to contents.)-2.5 E 77.5 84 72.5 84 DL 77.5
79 77.5 84 DL 72.5 79 77.5 79 DL 72.5 84 72.5 79 DL(PR)80.5 84 Q
(Print \214les with title, date, and page number on e)142 84 Q -.15(ve)
-.25 G(ry page.).15 E 2.5<834d>142 96 S(ulticolumn output.)-2.5 E 2.5
<8350>142 108 S(arallel column mer)-2.65 E(ge of se)-.18 E -.15(ve)-.25
G(ral \214les.).15 E 2.5<8355>142 120 S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(.)
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72.5 144 72.5 139 DL(OPR)80.5 144 Q(Of)142 144 Q 2.5(fl)-.25 G
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204 Q(Interacti)142 204 Q .64 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(onte).15 E .34(xt editor)
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2.5<8346>142 228 S(inds lines by number or pattern.)-2.5 E 2.5<8352>142
240 S(andom access to lines.)-2.5 E 2.5<8341>142 252 S
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(ove l)-2.5 H(ines.).15 E 2.5<8350>142 264 S
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(eplace one or all instances of a pattern within a line.)-2.5 E 2.5
<8343>142 288 S(ombine or split \214les.)-2.5 E 2.5<8345>142 300 S
(scape to Shell \(U)-2.5 E F1(NIX)A F0
(command language\) during editing.)2.5 E 2.5<8350>142 312 S
(atterns may include:)-2.65 E(speci\214ed characters,)168 324 Q(don')168
336 Q 2.5(tc)-.18 G(are characters,)-2.5 E(choices among characters,)168
348 Q(repetitions of abo)168 360 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G(,).15 E(be)168 372 Q
(ginning of line,)-.15 E(end of line.)168 384 Q 2.5<8341>142 396 S
(ll operations may be done globally on e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ry pattern-selected line in a gi).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nr).15 G
(ange.)-2.5 E 77.5 420 72.5 420 DL 77.5 415 77.5 420 DL 72.5 415 77.5
415 DL 72.5 420 72.5 415 DL(Manual)80.5 420 Q
(Introductory manual for ED.)142 420 Q 77.5 444 72.5 444 DL 77.5 439
77.5 444 DL 72.5 439 77.5 439 DL 72.5 444 72.5 439 DL(DD)80.5 444 Q(Ph)
142 444 Q(ysical \214le format translator)-.05 E 2.5(,f)-.4 G(or e)-2.5
E(xchanging data with foreign systems, especially OS/360.)-.15 E 77.5
468 72.5 468 DL 77.5 463 77.5 468 DL 72.5 463 77.5 463 DL 72.5 468 72.5
463 DL(STTY)80.5 468 Q .877
(Sets up options for optimal control of a terminal.)142 468 R .878
(In so f)5.878 F .878(ar as the)-.1 F 3.378(ya)-.15 G .878
(re deducible from the input,)-3.378 F
(these options are set automatically by LOGIN.)142 480 Q 2.5<8348>142
492 S(alf vs. full duple)-2.5 E(x.)-.15 E 2.5<8343>142 504 S
(arriage return+line feed vs. ne)-2.5 E(wline.)-.25 E 2.5<8349>142 516 S
(nterpretation of tabs.)-2.5 E 2.5<8350>142 528 S(arity)-2.65 E(.)-.65 E
2.5<834d>142 540 S(apping of upper case to lo)-2.5 E(wer)-.25 E(.)-.55 E
2.5<8352>142 552 S .3 -.15(aw v)-2.5 H(s. edited input.).15 E 2.5<8344>
142 564 S(elays for tabs, ne)-2.5 E(wlines and carriage returns.)-.25 E
/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(1.4 Manipulation of Dir)72 588 Q
(ectories and File Names)-.18 E 77.5 612 72.5 612 DL 77.5 607 77.5 612
DL 72.5 607 77.5 607 DL 72.5 612 72.5 607 DL F0(RM)80.5 612 Q(Remo)142
612 Q .3 -.15(ve a \214)-.15 H 2.5(le. Only).15 F(the name goes a)2.5 E
-.1(wa)-.15 G 2.5(yi).1 G 2.5(fa)-2.5 G .3 -.15(ny o)-2.5 H
(ther names are link).15 E(ed to the \214le.)-.1 E 77.5 636 72.5 636 DL
77.5 631 77.5 636 DL 72.5 631 77.5 631 DL 72.5 636 72.5 631 DL(LN)80.5
636 Q -.74(``)142 636 S(Link').74 E 2.5('a)-.74 G
(nother name \(alias\) to an e)-2.5 E(xisting \214le.)-.15 E 77.5 660
72.5 660 DL 77.5 655 77.5 660 DL 72.5 655 77.5 655 DL 72.5 660 72.5 655
DL(MV)80.5 660 Q(Mo)142 660 Q .3 -.15(ve a \214)-.15 H(le.).15 E 2.5
<8355>142 672 S(sed for renaming \214les or directories.)-2.5 E 77.5 696
72.5 696 DL 77.5 691 77.5 696 DL 72.5 691 77.5 691 DL 72.5 696 72.5 691
DL(CHMOD)80.5 696 Q(Change permissions on one or more \214les.)142 696 Q
(Ex)5 E(ecutable by \214les' o)-.15 E(wner)-.25 E(.)-.55 E(3)303.5 744 Q
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(Summary)2.5 E .4 LW 77.5 60 72.5 60 DL 77.5 55 77.5 60 DL 72.5 55 77.5
55 DL 72.5 60 72.5 55 DL(CHO)80.5 60 Q(WN)-.35 E(Change o)142 60 Q
(wner of one or more \214les.)-.25 E 77.5 84 72.5 84 DL 77.5 79 77.5 84
DL 72.5 79 77.5 79 DL 72.5 84 72.5 79 DL(CHGRP)80.5 84 Q
(Change group \(project\) to which a \214le belongs.)142 84 Q 77.5 108
72.5 108 DL 77.5 103 77.5 108 DL 72.5 103 77.5 103 DL 72.5 108 72.5 103
DL(MKDIR)80.5 108 Q(Mak)142 108 Q 2.5(ean)-.1 G .5 -.25(ew d)-2.5 H
(irectory).25 E(.)-.65 E 77.5 132 72.5 132 DL 77.5 127 77.5 132 DL 72.5
127 77.5 127 DL 72.5 132 72.5 127 DL(RMDIR)80.5 132 Q(Remo)142 132 Q .3
-.15(ve a d)-.15 H(irectory).15 E(.)-.65 E 77.5 156 72.5 156 DL 77.5 151
77.5 156 DL 72.5 151 77.5 151 DL 72.5 156 72.5 151 DL(CHDIR)80.5 156 Q
(Change w)142 156 Q(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E 77.5 180 72.5 180 DL
77.5 175 77.5 180 DL 72.5 175 77.5 175 DL 72.5 180 72.5 175 DL(FIND)80.5
180 Q(Pro)142 180 Q(wl the directory hierarch)-.25 E 2.5<798c>-.05 G
(nding e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ry \214le that meets speci\214ed criteria.).15 E 2.5<8354>142 192 S
(hese criteria are understood:)-2.5 E(spelling of name matches a gi)168
204 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(np).15 G(attern,)-2.5 E(creation date in gi)168
216 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nr).15 G(ange,)-2.5 E(date of last use in gi)
168 228 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(nr).15 G(ange,)-2.5 E(permissions,)168 240
Q -.25(ow)168 252 S(ner).25 E(,)-.4 E(characteristics of de)168 264 Q
(vice \214les,)-.25 E(boolean combinations of abo)168 276 Q -.15(ve)-.15
G(.).15 E 2.5<8341>142 288 S .3 -.15(ny d)-2.5 H
(irectory may be considered to be the root.).15 E 2.5<8353>142 300 S
(peci\214ed commands may be performed on e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ry \214le found.).15 E 77.5 324 72.5 324 DL 77.5 319 77.5 324 DL 72.5
319 77.5 319 DL 72.5 324 72.5 319 DL(DSW)80.5 324 Q(Interacti)142 324 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(ly step through a directory).15 E 2.5(,d)-.65 G
(eleting or k)-2.5 E(eeping \214les.)-.1 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(1.5 Running of Pr)72 348 Q(ograms)-.18 E 77.5 372 72.5 372 DL 77.5 367
77.5 372 DL 72.5 367 77.5 367 DL 72.5 372 72.5 367 DL F0(SH)80.5 372 Q
.681(The Shell, or command language interpreter)142 372 R 5.681(.P)-.55
G(ro)-5.681 E .681(vides `)-.15 F(`background')-.74 E 3.181('a)-.74 G
.681(nd macro capability when)-3.181 F
(run with a \214le of commands as input.)142 384 Q 2.5<8341>142 396 S .3
-.15(ny exe)-2.5 H(cutable object \214le is automatically a command.).15
E 2.5<8352>142 408 S(edirect standard input or standard output.)-2.5 E
2.5<834f>142 420 S(perators to compose compound commands:)-2.5 E
(`;' for sequential e)168 432 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution,).15 E .168
(`|' for functional composition with output of one command tak)168 444 R
.169(en directly as input to another)-.1 F(running simultaneously)168
456 Q(,)-.65 E(`&' for asynchronous operation,)168 468 Q
(parentheses for grouping.)168 480 Q 2.5<8353>142 492 S(ubstitutable ar)
-2.5 E(guments.)-.18 E 2.5<8343>142 504 S(onstruction of ar)-2.5 E
(gument lists from all \214le names satisfying speci\214ed patterns.)
-.18 E 2.5<8343>142 516 S(ollects command usage statistics.)-2.5 E 77.5
540 72.5 540 DL 77.5 535 77.5 540 DL 72.5 535 77.5 535 DL 72.5 540 72.5
535 DL(IF)80.5 540 Q 2.5(Ac)142 540 S
(onditional statement for Shell programs.)-2.5 E 2.5<8353>142 552 S
(tring comparison.)-2.5 E 2.5<8351>142 564 S
(uerying \214le accessibility)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E 77.5 588 72.5 588 DL 77.5
583 77.5 588 DL 72.5 583 77.5 583 DL 72.5 588 72.5 583 DL(GO)80.5 588 Q
-.18(TO)-.4 G 2.5(A`)142 588 S(`go-to')-3.24 E 2.5('s)-.74 G
(tatement for Shell programs.)-2.5 E 77.5 612 72.5 612 DL 77.5 607 77.5
612 DL 72.5 607 77.5 607 DL 72.5 612 72.5 607 DL -1.2(WA)80.5 612 S(IT)
1.2 E -.8(Wa)142 612 S
(it for termination of asynchronously running processes.).8 E 77.5 636
72.5 636 DL 77.5 631 77.5 636 DL 72.5 631 77.5 631 DL 72.5 636 72.5 631
DL(EXIT)80.5 636 Q -.7(Te)142 636 S(rminate a Shell program.).7 E
(Useful with IF)5 E(.)-.8 E 77.5 660 72.5 660 DL 77.5 655 77.5 660 DL
72.5 655 77.5 655 DL 72.5 660 72.5 655 DL(ECHO)80.5 660 Q .873
(Print remainder of command line.)142 660 R .872
(Useful for diagnostic or prompting data in Shell programs, or)5.872 F
(for inserting data into a pipeline.)142 672 Q 77.5 696 72.5 696 DL 77.5
691 77.5 696 DL 72.5 691 77.5 691 DL 72.5 696 72.5 691 DL(SLEEP)80.5 696
Q(Suspend e)142 696 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution for a speci\214ed time.).15
E(4)303.5 744 Q EP
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(Summary)2.5 E .4 LW 77.5 60 72.5 60 DL 77.5 55 77.5 60 DL 72.5 55 77.5
55 DL 72.5 60 72.5 55 DL(NOHUP)80.5 60 Q
(Run a command immune to hanging up the terminal.)142 60 Q 77.5 84 72.5
84 DL 77.5 79 77.5 84 DL 72.5 79 77.5 79 DL 72.5 84 72.5 79 DL(NICE)80.5
84 Q(Run a command in lo)142 84 Q 2.5(w\()-.25 G(or high\) priority)-2.5
E(.)-.65 E 77.5 108 72.5 108 DL 77.5 103 77.5 108 DL 72.5 103 77.5 103
DL 72.5 108 72.5 103 DL(KILL)80.5 108 Q -.7(Te)142 108 S
(rminate named processes.).7 E 77.5 132 72.5 132 DL 77.5 127 77.5 132 DL
72.5 127 77.5 127 DL 72.5 132 72.5 127 DL(CR)80.5 132 Q(ON)-.4 E 2.5(At)
142 132 S(able of actions to be tak)-2.5 E(en at speci\214ed times.)-.1
E 2.5<8341>142 144 S(ctions are arbitrary Shell \(SH\) scripts.)-2.5 E
2.5<8354>142 156 S 1.716(imes are conjunctions of month, day of month, \
day of week, hour and minute.)-2.85 F 1.716(Ranges are)6.716 F
(speci\214able for each.)148 168 Q 77.5 192 72.5 192 DL 77.5 187 77.5
192 DL 72.5 187 77.5 187 DL 72.5 192 72.5 187 DL(TEE)80.5 192 Q -.15(Pa)
142 192 S(ss data between processes and di).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(rt a cop).15 E 2.5(yi)-.1 G(nto a \214le.)-2.5 E(Used as a \214lter)5 E
(.)-.55 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(1.6 Status Inquiries)72 216 Q 77.5 240
72.5 240 DL 77.5 235 77.5 240 DL 72.5 235 77.5 235 DL 72.5 240 72.5 235
DL F0(LS)80.5 240 Q(List the names of one, se)142 240 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ral, or all \214les in one or more directories.).15 E 2.5<8341>142 252
S(lphabetic or temporal sorting, up or do)-2.5 E(wn.)-.25 E 2.5<834f>142
264 S 1.105(ptional information: size, o)-2.5 F(wner)-.25 E 3.604(,g)-.4
G 1.104(roup, date last modi\214ed, date last accessed, permissions, i-)
-3.604 F(node number)148 276 Q(.)-.55 E 77.5 300 72.5 300 DL 77.5 295
77.5 300 DL 72.5 295 77.5 295 DL 72.5 300 72.5 295 DL(FILE)80.5 300 Q
-.35(Tr)142 300 S .535(ies to determine what kind of information is in \
a \214le by consulting the \214le system inde).35 F 3.035(xa)-.15 G .535
(nd by)-3.035 F(reading the \214le itself.)142 312 Q 77.5 336 72.5 336
DL 77.5 331 77.5 336 DL 72.5 331 77.5 331 DL 72.5 336 72.5 331 DL -.4
(DA)80.5 336 S(TE)-.71 E(System date routine.)142 336 Q
(Has considerable kno)5 E
(wledge of calendric and horological peculiarities.)-.25 E 2.5<8350>142
348 S(rint present date, day of week, local time.)-2.5 E 2.5<834d>142
360 S(ay set U)-2.5 E F1(NIX)A F0 1.1 -.55('s i)D(dea of date and time.)
.55 E 77.5 384 72.5 384 DL 77.5 379 77.5 384 DL 72.5 379 77.5 379 DL
72.5 384 72.5 379 DL(DF)80.5 384 Q
(Report amount of free space on \214le system de)142 384 Q(vices.)-.25 E
77.5 408 72.5 408 DL 77.5 403 77.5 408 DL 72.5 403 77.5 403 DL 72.5 408
72.5 403 DL(DU)80.5 408 Q
(Print a summary of total space occupied by all \214les in a hierarch)
142 408 Q -.65(y.)-.05 G 77.5 432 72.5 432 DL 77.5 427 77.5 432 DL 72.5
427 77.5 427 DL 72.5 432 72.5 427 DL(WHO)80.5 432 Q -.7(Te)142 432 S
(ll who').7 E 2.5(so)-.55 G 2.5(nt)-2.5 G(he system.)-2.5 E 2.5<834c>142
444 S(ist of presently logged in users, ports and times on.)-2.5 E 2.5
<834f>142 456 S(ptional history of all logins and logouts.)-2.5 E 77.5
480 72.5 480 DL 77.5 475 77.5 480 DL 72.5 475 77.5 475 DL 72.5 480 72.5
475 DL(PS)80.5 480 Q(Report on all acti)142 480 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.25 H
(rocesses attached to a terminal.).15 E 2.5<8347>142 492 S -2.15 -.25
(iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(sa).25 G(ll commands being e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted.).15 E 2.5<8343>142 504 S(an also report on other terminals.)-2.5
E 2.5<8345>142 516 S(xtended status information a)-2.5 E -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable:).25 E(state and scheduling info,)168 528 Q(priority)168 540 Q
(,)-.65 E(attached terminal,)168 552 Q(what it')168 564 Q 2.5(sw)-.55 G
(aiting for)-2.6 E(,)-.4 E(size.)168 576 Q 77.5 600 72.5 600 DL 77.5 595
77.5 600 DL 72.5 595 77.5 595 DL 72.5 600 72.5 595 DL(TTY)80.5 600 Q
(Find name of your terminal.)142 600 Q 77.5 624 72.5 624 DL 77.5 619
77.5 624 DL 72.5 619 77.5 619 DL 72.5 624 72.5 619 DL(PWD)80.5 624 Q
(Print name of your w)142 624 Q(orking directory)-.1 E(.)-.65 E 77.5 648
72.5 648 DL 77.5 643 77.5 648 DL 72.5 643 77.5 643 DL 72.5 648 72.5 643
DL(PFE)80.5 648 Q(Print type of last \215oating e)142 648 Q(xception.)
-.15 E F2(1.7 Backup and Maintenance)72 672 Q 77.5 696 72.5 696 DL 77.5
691 77.5 696 DL 72.5 691 77.5 691 DL 72.5 696 72.5 691 DL F0(MOUNT)80.5
696 Q 2.225(Attach a de)142 696 R 2.224
(vice containing a \214le system to the tree of directories.)-.25 F
2.224(Protects ag)7.224 F 2.224(ainst nonsense)-.05 F(arrangements.)142
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(Summary)2.5 E .4 LW 77.5 60 72.5 60 DL 77.5 55 77.5 60 DL 72.5 55 77.5
55 DL 72.5 60 72.5 55 DL(UMOUNT)80.5 60 Q(Remo)142 60 Q .573 -.15(ve t)
-.15 H .273(he \214le system contained on a de).15 F .273
(vice from the tree of directories.)-.25 F .274(Protects ag)5.274 F .274
(ainst remo)-.05 F(v-)-.15 E(ing a b)142 72 Q(usy de)-.2 E(vice.)-.25 E
77.5 96 72.5 96 DL 77.5 91 77.5 96 DL 72.5 91 77.5 91 DL 72.5 96 72.5 91
DL(MKFS)80.5 96 Q(Mak)142 96 Q 2.5(ean)-.1 G .5 -.25(ew \214)-2.5 H
(le system on a de).25 E(vice.)-.25 E 77.5 120 72.5 120 DL 77.5 115 77.5
120 DL 72.5 115 77.5 115 DL 72.5 120 72.5 115 DL(MKNOD)80.5 120 Q(Mak)
142 120 Q 4.065(ea)-.1 G 4.065(ni)-4.065 G 1.565
(-node \(\214le system entry\) for a special \214le.)-4.065 F 1.564
(Special \214les are ph)6.565 F 1.564(ysical de)-.05 F 1.564
(vices, virtual)-.25 F(de)142 132 Q(vices, ph)-.25 E(ysical memory)-.05
E 2.5(,e)-.65 G(tc.)-2.5 E 77.5 156 72.5 156 DL 77.5 151 77.5 156 DL
72.5 151 77.5 151 DL 72.5 156 72.5 151 DL(TP)80.5 156 Q
(Manage \214le archi)142 156 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(so).15 G 2.5(nm)-2.5 G
(agnetic tape or DEC tape.)-2.5 E 2.5<8343>142 168 S
(ollect \214les into an archi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E 2.5<8355>142
180 S(pdate DECtape archi)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.25 H 2.5(yd).15 G(ate.)
-2.5 E 2.5<8352>142 192 S(eplace or delete DECtape \214les.)-2.5 E 2.5
<8354>142 204 S(able of contents.)-3.3 E 2.5<8352>142 216 S(etrie)-2.5 E
.3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(rom archi).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E 77.5 240 72.5
240 DL 77.5 235 77.5 240 DL 72.5 235 77.5 235 DL 72.5 240 72.5 235 DL
(DUMP)80.5 240 Q(Dump the \214le system stored on a speci\214ed de)142
240 Q(vice, selecti)-.25 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ly by date, or indiscriminately).15 E(.)-.65 E 77.5 264 72.5 264 DL
77.5 259 77.5 264 DL 72.5 259 77.5 259 DL 72.5 264 72.5 259 DL(REST)80.5
264 Q(OR)-.18 E(Restore a dumped \214le system, or selecti)142 264 Q
-.15(ve)-.25 G(ly retrie).15 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.25 H(arts thereof.).15 E
77.5 288 72.5 288 DL 77.5 283 77.5 288 DL 72.5 283 77.5 283 DL 72.5 288
72.5 283 DL(SU)80.5 288 Q -.7(Te)142 288 S .166
(mporarily become the super user with all the rights and pri).7 F(vile)
-.25 E .167(ges thereof.)-.15 F .167(Requires a passw)5.167 F(ord.)-.1 E
77.5 312 72.5 312 DL 77.5 307 77.5 312 DL 72.5 307 77.5 307 DL 72.5 312
72.5 307 DL(DCHECK)80.5 312 Q 77.5 324 72.5 324 DL 77.5 319 77.5 324 DL
72.5 319 77.5 319 DL 72.5 324 72.5 319 DL(ICHECK)80.5 324 Q 77.5 336
72.5 336 DL 77.5 331 77.5 336 DL 72.5 331 77.5 331 DL 72.5 336 72.5 331
DL(NCHECK)80.5 336 Q(Check consistenc)142 312 Q 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5<668c>
-2.5 G(le system.)-2.5 E 2.5<8347>142 324 S(ross statistics:)-2.5 E
(number of \214les,)168 336 Q(number of directories,)168 348 Q
(number of special \214les,)168 360 Q(spaced used,)168 372 Q
(space free.)168 384 Q 2.5<8352>142 396 S
(eport of duplicate use of space.)-2.5 E 2.5<8352>142 408 S(etrie)-2.5 E
-.25(va)-.25 G 2.5(lo).25 G 2.5(fl)-2.5 G(ost space.)-2.5 E 2.5<8352>142
420 S(eport of inaccessible \214les.)-2.5 E 2.5<8343>142 432 S
(heck consistenc)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G 2.5(fd)-2.5 G(irectories.)-2.5 E
2.5<834c>142 444 S(ist names of all \214les.)-2.5 E 77.5 468 72.5 468 DL
77.5 463 77.5 468 DL 72.5 463 77.5 463 DL 72.5 468 72.5 463 DL(CLRI)80.5
468 Q .13(Peremptorily e)142 468 R .13
(xpunge a \214le and its space from a \214le system.)-.15 F .129
(Used in putting damaged \214le systems)5.129 F(together ag)142 480 Q
(ain.)-.05 E 77.5 504 72.5 504 DL 77.5 499 77.5 504 DL 72.5 499 77.5 499
DL 72.5 504 72.5 499 DL(SYNC)80.5 504 Q -.15(Fo)142 504 S
(rce all outstanding I/O on the system to completion.).15 E
(Used to shut do)5 E(wn gracefully)-.25 E(.)-.65 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(1.8 Accounting)72 528 Q F0 .078(These routines use \215oating point.)72
552 R .078(The timing information on which the reports are based can be\
 manually cleared or)5.078 F(shut of)72 564 Q 2.5(fc)-.25 G(ompletely)
-2.5 E(.)-.65 E 77.5 588 72.5 588 DL 77.5 583 77.5 588 DL 72.5 583 77.5
583 DL 72.5 588 72.5 583 DL -.4(AC)80.5 588 S(Publish cumulati)142 588 Q
.3 -.15(ve c)-.25 H(onnect time report.).15 E 2.5<8343>142 600 S
(onnect time by user or by day)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E 2.5<8346>142 612 S
(or all users or for selected users.)-2.65 E 77.5 636 72.5 636 DL 77.5
631 77.5 636 DL 72.5 631 77.5 631 DL 72.5 636 72.5 631 DL(SA)80.5 636 Q
(Publish Shell accounting report.)142 636 Q(Gi)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5
(su).15 G(sage information on each command e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cuted.).15 E 2.5<834e>142 648 S(umber of times used.)-2.5 E 2.5<8354>
142 660 S(otal system time, user time and elapsed time.)-3.3 E 2.5<834f>
142 672 S(ptional a)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.2 G(rages and percentages.).15 E
2.5<8353>142 684 S(orting on v)-2.5 E(arious \214elds.)-.25 E(6)303.5
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(Summary)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(1.9 Inter)72 60 Q
(-user Communication)-.37 E .4 LW 77.5 84 72.5 84 DL 77.5 79 77.5 84 DL
72.5 79 77.5 79 DL 72.5 84 72.5 79 DL F0(MAIL)80.5 84 Q .448
(Mail a message to one or more users.)142 84 R .448
(Also used to read and dispose of incoming mail.)5.448 F .447(The pres-)
5.447 F(ence of mail is announced by LOGIN.)142 96 Q 77.5 120 72.5 120
DL 77.5 115 77.5 120 DL 72.5 115 77.5 115 DL 72.5 120 72.5 115 DL(WRITE)
80.5 120 Q(Establish direct terminal communication with another user)142
120 Q(.)-.55 E 77.5 144 72.5 144 DL 77.5 139 77.5 144 DL 72.5 139 77.5
139 DL 72.5 144 72.5 139 DL -1.2(WA)80.5 144 S(LL)1.2 E
(Write to all users.)142 144 Q 77.5 168 72.5 168 DL 77.5 163 77.5 168 DL
72.5 163 77.5 163 DL 72.5 168 72.5 163 DL(MESG)80.5 168 Q
(Inhibit receipt of messages from WRITE and W)142 168 Q(ALL.)-1.2 E F2
(1.10 Basic Pr)72 192 Q(ogram De)-.18 E -.1(ve)-.15 G(lopment P).1 E
(ackage)-.1 E F0 3.26(Ak)72 216 S .76
(it of fundamental programming tools.)-3.26 F .76
(Some of these utilities are used as inte)5.76 F .76
(gral parts of the higher le)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G 3.26(ll).15 G(an-)
-3.26 E(guages described belo)72 228 Q -.65(w.)-.25 G 77.5 252 72.5 252
DL 77.5 247 77.5 252 DL 72.5 247 77.5 247 DL 72.5 252 72.5 247 DL(AR)
80.5 252 Q(Archi)142 252 Q 2.827 -.15(ve a)-.25 H 2.527
(nd library maintainer).15 F 7.527(.C)-.55 G 2.526(ombines se)-7.527 F
-.15(ve)-.25 G 2.526(ral \214les into one for housek).15 F 2.526
(eeping ef)-.1 F(\214cienc)-.25 E -.65(y.)-.15 G(Archi)142 264 Q .3 -.15
(ve \214)-.25 H(les are used by the link editor LD as libraries.).15 E
2.5<8343>142 276 S(reate ne)-2.5 E 2.5(wa)-.25 G(rchi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(.).15 E 2.5<8355>142 288 S(pdate archi)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve b)-.25 H
2.5(yd).15 G(ate.)-2.5 E 2.5<8352>142 300 S(eplace or delete \214les.)
-2.5 E 2.5<8354>142 312 S(able of contents.)-3.3 E 2.5<8352>142 324 S
(etrie)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(rom archi).15 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(.).15 E
77.5 348 72.5 348 DL 77.5 343 77.5 348 DL 72.5 343 77.5 343 DL 72.5 348
72.5 343 DL(AS)80.5 348 Q(Assembler)142 348 Q 5(.S)-.55 G(imilar to P)-5
E(AL-11, b)-.92 E(ut dif)-.2 E(ferent in detail.)-.25 E 2.5<8343>142 360
S(reates object program consisting of)-2.5 E(code, possibly read-only)
168 372 Q(,)-.65 E(initialized data or read-write code,)168 384 Q
(uninitialized data.)168 396 Q 2.5<8352>142 408 S
(elocatable object code is directly e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cutable without further transformation.).15 E 2.5<834f>142 420 S
(bject code normally includes a symbol table.)-2.5 E 2.5<8343>142 432 S
(ombines source \214les.)-2.5 E 2.5<834c>142 444 S(ocal labels.)-2.5 E
2.5<8343>142 456 S(onditional assembly)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E 2.5<8360>142 468
S 1.81(`Conditional jump')-3.24 F 4.31('i)-.74 G 1.81
(nstructions become branches or branches plus jumps depending on dis-)
-4.31 F(tance.)148 480 Q 77.5 504 72.5 504 DL 77.5 499 77.5 504 DL 72.5
499 77.5 499 DL 72.5 504 72.5 499 DL(Manual)80.5 504 Q
(Printed manual for the assembly language.)142 504 Q 77.5 528 72.5 528
DL 77.5 523 77.5 528 DL 72.5 523 77.5 523 DL 72.5 528 72.5 523 DL
(Library)80.5 528 Q(The basic run-time library)142 528 Q 5(.T)-.65 G
(hese routines are used freely by all system softw)-5 E(are.)-.1 E 2.5
<8346>142 540 S(ormatted writing on standard output.)-2.65 E 2.5<8354>
142 552 S(ime con)-2.85 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rsions.).15 E 2.5<8343>142 564 S
(on)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G(rt inte).15 E
(ger and \215oating numbers to ASCII and vice v)-.15 E(ersa.)-.15 E 2.5
<8345>142 576 S(lementary functions: sin, cos, log, e)-2.5 E
(xp, atan, sqrt, g)-.15 E(amma.)-.05 E 2.5<8350>142 588 S(assw)-2.65 E
(ord encryption.)-.1 E 2.5<8351>142 600 S(uicksort.)-2.5 E 2.5<8342>142
612 S(uf)-2.5 E(fered character)-.25 E(-by-character I/O.)-.2 E 2.5
<8352>142 624 S(andom number generator)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 2.5<8346>142 636
S(loating point interpreter for 11/40')-2.5 E 2.5(sa)-.55 G
(nd non-\215oating point machines.)-2.5 E 77.5 660 72.5 660 DL 77.5 655
77.5 660 DL 72.5 655 77.5 655 DL 72.5 660 72.5 655 DL(\(LIBP\))80.5 660
Q(An elaborated I/O library)142 660 Q(.)-.65 E 2.5<8346>142 672 S
(ormatted input and output.)-2.65 E 2.5<8341>142 684 S
(bility to put characters back into input streams.)-2.5 E(7)303.5 744 Q
EP
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(Summary)2.5 E .4 LW 77.5 60 72.5 60 DL 77.5 55 77.5 60 DL 72.5 55 77.5
55 DL 72.5 60 72.5 55 DL(Manual)80.5 60 Q(Printed manual for LIBP)142 60
Q(.)-1.11 E 77.5 84 72.5 84 DL 77.5 79 77.5 84 DL 72.5 79 77.5 79 DL
72.5 84 72.5 79 DL(DB)80.5 84 Q(Interacti)142 84 Q .521 -.15(ve p)-.25 H
.221(ost-mortem deb).15 F(ugger)-.2 E 5.221(.W)-.55 G .221
(orks on core dump \214les, such as are produced by all program)-6.021 F
(aborts, on object \214les, or on an)142 96 Q 2.5(ya)-.15 G
(rbitrary \214le.)-2.5 E 2.5<8353>142 108 S
(ymbolic addressing of \214les that ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H
(ymbol tables.).15 E 2.5<834f>142 120 S(ctal, decimal or ASCII output.)
-2.5 E 2.5<8353>142 132 S(ymbolic disassembly)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E 2.5<834f>
142 144 S(ctal or decimal patching.)-2.5 E 77.5 168 72.5 168 DL 77.5 163
77.5 168 DL 72.5 163 77.5 163 DL 72.5 168 72.5 163 DL(OD)80.5 168 Q
(Dump an)142 168 Q 2.5<798c>-.15 G(le.)-2.5 E 2.5<834f>142 180 S
(utput options include:)-2.5 E(octal or decimal by w)168 192 Q(ords,)-.1
E(octal by bytes,)168 204 Q(ASCII,)168 216 Q(opcodes,)168 228 Q(he)168
240 Q(xadecimal,)-.15 E(an)168 252 Q 2.5(yc)-.15 G
(ombination of the abo)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.15 G(.).15 E 2.5<8352>142 264 S
(ange of dumping is controllable.)-2.5 E 77.5 288 72.5 288 DL 77.5 283
77.5 288 DL 72.5 283 77.5 283 DL 72.5 288 72.5 283 DL(LD)80.5 288 Q
(Link edit.)142 288 Q(Combine relocatable object \214les.)5 E
(Insert required routines from speci\214ed libraries.)5 E 2.5<8352>142
300 S(esulting code may be sharable.)-2.5 E 2.5<8352>142 312 S
(esulting code may ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H
(eparate instruction and data spaces.).15 E 77.5 336 72.5 336 DL 77.5
331 77.5 336 DL 72.5 331 77.5 331 DL 72.5 336 72.5 331 DL(NM)80.5 336 Q
.01(Print the namelist \(symbol table\) of an object program.)142 336 R
(Pro)5.011 E .011(vides control o)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.511(rt).15 G
.011(he style and order of)-2.511 F(names that are printed.)142 348 Q
77.5 372 72.5 372 DL 77.5 367 77.5 372 DL 72.5 367 77.5 367 DL 72.5 372
72.5 367 DL(SIZE)80.5 372 Q
(Report the core requirements of one or more object \214les.)142 372 Q
77.5 396 72.5 396 DL 77.5 391 77.5 396 DL 72.5 391 77.5 391 DL 72.5 396
72.5 391 DL(STRIP)80.5 396 Q(Remo)142 396 Q .3 -.15(ve t)-.15 H
(he relocation and symbol table information from an object \214le to sa)
.15 E .3 -.15(ve s)-.2 H(pace.).15 E 77.5 420 72.5 420 DL 77.5 415 77.5
420 DL 72.5 415 77.5 415 DL 72.5 420 72.5 415 DL(TIME)80.5 420 Q
(Run a command and report timing information on it.)142 420 Q 77.5 444
72.5 444 DL 77.5 439 77.5 444 DL 72.5 439 77.5 439 DL 72.5 444 72.5 439
DL(PR)80.5 444 Q(OF)-.4 E .759
(Construct a pro\214le of time spent per routine from statistics g)142
444 R .758(athered by time-sampling the e)-.05 F -.15(xe)-.15 G(cu-).15
E(tion of a program.)142 456 Q(Uses \215oating point.)5 E 2.5<8353>142
468 S(ubroutine call frequenc)-2.5 E 2.5(ya)-.15 G(nd a)-2.5 E -.15(ve)
-.2 G(rage times for C programs.).15 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF
(1.11 The Pr)72 492 Q(ogramming Language `)-.18 E(`C')-.63 E(')-.63 E
77.5 516 72.5 516 DL 77.5 511 77.5 516 DL 72.5 511 77.5 511 DL 72.5 516
72.5 511 DL F0(CC)80.5 516 Q 1.031
(Compile and/or link edits programs in the C language.)142 516 R 1.032
(The U)6.032 F F1(NIX)A F0 1.032(operating system, most of the)3.532 F
(subsystems and C itself are written in C.)142 528 Q 2.5<8346>142 540 S
(ull general purpose language designed for structured programming.)-2.5
E 2.5<8344>142 552 S(ata types:)-2.5 E(character)168 564 Q(,)-.4 E(inte)
168 576 Q(ger)-.15 E(,)-.4 E(\215oat,)168 588 Q(double,)168 600 Q
(pointers to all types,)168 612 Q(arrays of all types,)168 624 Q
(structures of all types,)168 636 Q(functions returning all types.)168
648 Q 2.5<834f>142 660 S .8(perations intended to gi)-2.5 F 1.099 -.15
(ve a)-.25 H .799(ccess to full machine f).15 F(acility)-.1 E 3.299(,i)
-.65 G .799(ncluding to-memory operations and)-3.299 F(data-sensiti)148
672 Q .3 -.15(ve p)-.25 H(ointer arithmetic.).15 E 2.5<834d>142 684 S(a\
cro preprocessor for parameterized code and inclusion of standard \214l\
es.)-2.5 E 2.5<8341>142 696 S(ll procedures recursi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25
G 2.5(,w).15 G(ith parameters by v)-2.5 E(alue.)-.25 E 2.5<834e>142 708
S(atural coercions.)-2.5 E(8)303.5 744 Q EP
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(Summary)2.5 E 2.5<8354>142 60 S(rue compiled object code capitalizing \
on addressing capability of the PDP11.)-2.85 E 2.5<8352>142 72 S
(untime library gi)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(sa).15 G
(ccess to all system f)-2.5 E(acilities.)-.1 E .4 LW 77.5 96 72.5 96 DL
77.5 91 77.5 96 DL 72.5 91 77.5 91 DL 72.5 96 72.5 91 DL(Manuals)80.5 96
Q(Printed manual and tutorial for the C language.)142 96 Q 77.5 120 72.5
120 DL 77.5 115 77.5 120 DL 72.5 115 77.5 115 DL 72.5 120 72.5 115 DL
(CDB)80.5 120 Q(An interacti)142 120 Q .3 -.15(ve d)-.25 H(eb).15 E
(ugger tailored for use with C.)-.2 E 2.5<8355>142 132 S
(sable in real time or post-mortem.)-2.5 E 2.5<8354>142 144 S .35
(he deb)-2.5 F .351(ugger is a completely separate process from the deb)
-.2 F 2.851(uggee. No)-.2 F(deb)2.851 E .351(ugging code is loaded)-.2 F
(with deb)148 156 Q(uggee.)-.2 E 2.5<8350>142 168 S
(rints all kinds of data in natural notation:)-2.5 E(character)168 180 Q
(,)-.4 E(inte)168 192 Q(ger \(octal and decimal\),)-.15 E(\215oat,)168
204 Q(double,)168 216 Q(machine instructions \(disassembled\).)168 228 Q
2.5<8353>142 240 S(tack trace and f)-2.5 E(ault identi\214cation.)-.1 E
2.5<8342>142 252 S(reakpoint tracing.)-2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5
(2O)72 276 S(ther Languages)-2.5 E(2.1 FOR)72 300 Q(TRAN)-.4 E 77.5 324
72.5 324 DL 77.5 319 77.5 324 DL 72.5 319 77.5 319 DL 72.5 324 72.5 319
DL F0(FC)80.5 324 Q .584(Compile and/or link-edit FOR)142 324 R .584
(TRAN IV programs.)-.6 F .583(Object code is `)5.583 F(`threaded')-.74 E
3.083('. Relies)-.74 F(hea)3.083 E .583(vily on)-.2 F(\215oating point.)
142 336 Q 2.5<8349>142 348 S(diosyncracies:)-2.5 E(free form, lo)168 360
Q(wer)-.25 E(-case source code,)-.2 E
(no arithmetic statement functions,)168 372 Q
(unformatted I/O requires record lengths agree,)168 384 Q(no B)168 396 Q
-.4(AC)-.35 G(KSP).4 E -.4(AC)-.92 G(E,).4 E(no P FORMA)168 408 Q 2.5
(Tc)-1.11 G(ontrol on input.)-2.5 E 2.5<8348>142 420 S(andles mix)-2.5 E
(ed-mode arithmetic, general subscripts and general DO limits.)-.15 E
2.5<8333>142 432 S(2-bit inte)-2.5 E(ger arithmetic.)-.15 E 2.5<8346>142
444 S(ree format numeric input.)-2.5 E 2.5<8355>142 456 S
(nderstands these nonstandard speci\214cations:)-2.5 E
(LOGICAL*1, *2, *4,)168 468 Q(INTEGER*2, *4,)168 480 Q(REAL*4, *8,)168
492 Q(COMPLEX*8, *16,)168 504 Q(IMPLICIT)168 516 Q(.)-.74 E 77.5 540
72.5 540 DL 77.5 535 77.5 540 DL 72.5 535 77.5 535 DL 72.5 540 72.5 535
DL(RC)80.5 540 Q -.74(``)142 540 S(Ratfor').74 E
(', a preprocessor that adds rational control structure a)-.74 E 3.055
<926c>-3.885 G 2.5(aCt)-3.055 G 2.5(oF)-2.5 G(OR)-2.5 E(TRAN.)-.6 E 2.5
<8345>142 552 S(lse, for)-2.5 E 2.5(,w)-.4 G
(hile, repeat...until statements.)-2.5 E 2.5<8353>142 564 S
(ymbolic constants.)-2.5 E 2.5<8346>142 576 S(ile insertion.)-2.5 E 2.5
<8343>142 588 S(ompound statements.)-2.5 E 2.5<8343>142 600 S
(an produce genuine FOR)-2.5 E(TRAN to carry a)-.6 E -.1(wa)-.15 G -.65
(y.).1 G 77.5 624 72.5 624 DL 77.5 619 77.5 624 DL 72.5 619 77.5 619 DL
72.5 624 72.5 619 DL(Manual)80.5 624 Q(Printed manual for Ratfor)142 624
Q(.)-.55 E F2(2.2 Other Algorithmic Languages)72 648 Q 77.5 672 72.5 672
DL 77.5 667 77.5 672 DL 72.5 667 77.5 667 DL 72.5 672 72.5 667 DL F0
-.35(BA)80.5 672 S(S).35 E 1.081(An interpreter)142 672 R 3.581(,s)-.4 G
1.081(imilar in style to B)-3.581 F 1.082(ASIC, that allo)-.35 F 1.082
(ws immediate e)-.25 F -.15(xe)-.15 G 1.082(cution of unnumbered state-)
.15 F(ments, or deferred e)142 684 Q -.15(xe)-.15 G
(cution of numbered statements.).15 E 2.5<8353>142 696 S
(tatements include:)-2.5 E(comment,)168 708 Q(9)303.5 744 Q EP
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(Summary)2.5 E(dump,)168 60 Q(for)168 72 Q(...ne)-.55 E(xt,)-.15 E
(goto,)168 84 Q(if...else...\214,)168 96 Q(list,)168 108 Q(print,)168
120 Q(prompt,)168 132 Q(return,)168 144 Q(run,)168 156 Q(sa)168 168 Q
-.15(ve)-.2 G(.).15 E 2.5<8341>142 180 S
(ll calculations double precision.)-2.5 E 2.5<8352>142 192 S(ecursi)-2.5
E .3 -.15(ve f)-.25 H(unction de\214ning and calling.).15 E 2.5<8342>142
204 S(uiltin functions include log, e)-2.5 E
(xp, sin, cos, atn, int, sqr)-.15 E 2.5(,a)-.4 G(bs, rnd.)-2.5 E 2.5
<8345>142 216 S(scape to ED for comple)-2.5 E 2.5(xp)-.15 G
(rogram editing.)-2.5 E 2.5<8355>142 228 S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(.)
-.55 E .4 LW 77.5 252 72.5 252 DL 77.5 247 77.5 252 DL 72.5 247 77.5 247
DL 72.5 252 72.5 247 DL(DC)80.5 252 Q .104(Programmable re)142 252 R
-.15(ve)-.25 G .104(rse Polish desk calculator).15 F 5.103(.H)-.55 G
.103(as named storage locations as well as con)-5.103 F -.15(ve)-.4 G
(ntional).15 E(stack for holding inte)142 264 Q(gers or programs.)-.15 E
2.5<8355>142 276 S(nlimited precision decimal arithmetic.)-2.5 E 2.5
<8341>142 288 S(ppropriate treatment of decimal fractions.)-2.5 E 2.5
<8341>142 300 S(rbitrary input and output radices, in particular binary)
-2.5 E 2.5(,o)-.65 G(ctal, decimal and he)-2.5 E(xadecimal.)-.15 E 2.5
<834f>142 312 S(perators include:)-2.5 E 2.5(+\255*/)168 324 S
(remainder)168 336 Q 2.5(,p)-.4 G -.25(ow)-2.5 G(er).25 E 2.5(,s)-.4 G
(quare root,)-2.5 E(load, store, duplicate, clear)168 348 Q(,)-.4 E
(print, enter program te)168 360 Q(xt, e)-.15 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cute.).15
E 2.5<8355>142 372 S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 77.5 396 72.5
396 DL 77.5 391 77.5 396 DL 72.5 391 77.5 391 DL 72.5 396 72.5 391 DL
(BC)80.5 396 Q 2.5(AC)142 396 S(-lik)-2.5 E 2.5(ei)-.1 G(nterf)-2.5 E
(ace to the desk calculator DC.)-.1 E 2.5<8341>142 408 S
(ll the capabilities of DC with a high-le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(ls)
.15 G(yntax.)-2.5 E 2.5<8341>142 420 S(rrays and recursi)-2.5 E .3 -.15
(ve f)-.25 H(unctions.).15 E 2.5<8349>142 432 S(mmediate e)-2.5 E -.25
(va)-.25 G(luation of e).25 E(xpressions and e)-.15 E -.25(va)-.25 G
(luation of functions upon call.).25 E 2.5<8341>142 444 S
(rbitrary precision elementary functions: e)-2.5 E
(xp, sin, cos, atan, J)-.15 E F1(n)3.6 I F0(.)-3.6 I 2.5<8347>142 456 S
(o-to-less programming.)-2.5 E 2.5<8355>142 468 S(sable as a \214lter)
-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 77.5 492 72.5 492 DL 77.5 487 77.5 492 DL 72.5 487 77.5
487 DL 72.5 492 72.5 487 DL(Manual)80.5 492 Q(Printed manual for BC.)142
492 Q 77.5 516 72.5 516 DL 77.5 511 77.5 516 DL 72.5 511 77.5 511 DL
72.5 516 72.5 511 DL(SNO)80.5 516 Q(An interpreter v)142 516 Q
(ery similar to SNOBOL 3.)-.15 E 2.5<834c>142 528 S(imitations:)-2.5 E
(function de\214nitions are static,)168 540 Q(pattern matches are al)168
552 Q -.1(wa)-.1 G(ys anchored,).1 E(no b)168 564 Q(uilt-in functions.)
-.2 E 2.5<8355>142 576 S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 77.5 600
72.5 600 DL 77.5 595 77.5 600 DL 72.5 595 77.5 595 DL 72.5 600 72.5 595
DL(Manual)80.5 600 Q(Reprint of basic article.)142 600 Q/F2 10
/Times-Bold@0 SF(2.3 Macr)72 624 Q(opr)-.18 E(ocessing)-.18 E 77.5 648
72.5 648 DL 77.5 643 77.5 648 DL 72.5 643 77.5 643 DL 72.5 648 72.5 643
DL F0(M6)80.5 648 Q 2.5(Ag)142 648 S(eneral purpose macroprocessor)-2.5
E(.)-.55 E 2.5<8353>142 660 S(tream-oriented, recognizes macros an)-2.5
E(ywhere in te)-.15 E(xt.)-.15 E 2.5<8349>142 672 S(nte)-2.5 E
(ger arithmetic.)-.15 E 2.5<8355>142 684 S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(.)
-.55 E(10)301 744 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(U)274.587 36 Q/F1 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(NIX)A F0
(Summary)2.5 E .4 LW 77.5 60 72.5 60 DL 77.5 55 77.5 60 DL 72.5 55 77.5
55 DL 72.5 60 72.5 55 DL(Manual)80.5 60 Q(Printed manual for M6.)142 60
Q/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF(2.4 Compiler)72 84 Q(-compilers)-.37 E 77.5 108
72.5 108 DL 77.5 103 77.5 108 DL 72.5 103 77.5 103 DL 72.5 108 72.5 103
DL F0(TMG)80.5 108 Q 2.701(Ac)142 108 S .201(lassical top-do)-2.701 F
.201(wn compiler)-.25 F .201(-compiler language.)-.2 F(Pro)5.201 E .201
(vides a formalism for syntax-directed trans-)-.15 F 2.5
(lation. Produces)142 120 R(dri)2.5 E
(ving tables to be loaded with a standard interpreter)-.25 E(.)-.55 E
2.5<8352>142 132 S(esulting compilers can ha)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve a)-.2 H
(rbitrary tables k).15 E(ept in paged secondary store.)-.1 E 2.5<8349>
142 144 S(nte)-2.5 E(ger arithmetic capability)-.15 E(.)-.65 E 2.5<8353>
142 156 S
(yntactic function capability \(similar to ALGOL 68 metaproductions\).)
-2.5 E 77.5 180 72.5 180 DL 77.5 175 77.5 180 DL 72.5 175 77.5 175 DL
72.5 180 72.5 175 DL(Manual)80.5 180 Q
(Printed manual for the TMG compiler)142 180 Q(-writing system.)-.2 E
77.5 204 72.5 204 DL 77.5 199 77.5 204 DL 72.5 199 77.5 199 DL 72.5 204
72.5 199 DL -.5 -1.2(YA C)80.5 204 T(C)1.2 E .862
(An LR\(1\)-based compiler writing system.)142 204 R .862(During e)5.862
F -.15(xe)-.15 G .862(cution of resulting parsers, arbitrary C-lan-).15
F(guage, Ratfor or FOR)142 216 Q(TRAN functions may be called to do cod\
e generation or semantic actions.)-.6 E 2.5<8342>142 228 S
(NF syntax speci\214cations.)-2.5 E 2.5<8348>142 240 S
(andles precedence relations.)-2.5 E 2.5<8341>142 252 S
(ccepts formally ambiguous grammars with non-BNF resolution rules.)-2.5
E 2.5<834f>142 264 S(ptimizes space tak)-2.5 E(en by dri)-.1 E
(ving tables.)-.25 E 77.5 288 72.5 288 DL 77.5 283 77.5 288 DL 72.5 283
77.5 283 DL 72.5 288 72.5 283 DL(Manual)80.5 288 Q
(Printed manual for the Y)142 288 Q -.4(AC)-1.2 G 2.5(Cc).4 G(ompiler)
-2.5 E(-writing system.)-.2 E F2 2.5(3W)72 312 S(ord Pr)-3.25 E
(ocessing)-.18 E 77.5 336 72.5 336 DL 77.5 331 77.5 336 DL 72.5 331 77.5
331 DL 72.5 336 72.5 331 DL F0 -.4(RO)80.5 336 S(FF).4 E 3.889(At)142
336 S 1.389(ypesetting program for terminals.)-3.889 F 1.389
(Easy for nontechnical people to learn, and good for most)6.389 F
(ordinary kinds of documents.)142 348 Q
(Input consists of data lines intermix)5 E
(ed with control lines, such as)-.15 E 2.5<834a>261.705 384 S
(usti\214cation of either or both mar)-2.5 E(gins.)-.18 E 2.5<8341>142
396 S(utomatic h)-2.5 E(yphenation.)-.05 E 2.5<8347>142 408 S
(eneralized running heads and feet, with e)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(n-odd page capability).15 E 2.5(,n)-.65 G(umbering, etc.)-2.5 E 2.5
<8344>142 420 S(e\214nable macros for frequently used control sequences\
 \(no substitutable ar)-2.5 E(guments\).)-.18 E 2.5<8341>142 432 S
(ll 4 mar)-2.5 E(gins and page size dynamically adjustable.)-.18 E 2.5
<8348>142 444 S(anging indents and one-line indents.)-2.5 E 2.5<8341>142
456 S(bsolute and relati)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve p)-.25 H(arameter settings.)
.15 E 2.5<834f>142 468 S(ptional le)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G
(l-style numbering of output lines.).05 E 2.5<834d>142 480 S
(ultiple \214le capability)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E 77.5 504 72.5 504 DL 77.5 499
77.5 504 DL 72.5 499 77.5 499 DL 72.5 504 72.5 499 DL(CREF)80.5 504 Q
(Mak)142 504 Q 2.97(ec)-.1 G .47
(ross-reference listings of a collection of \214les.)-2.97 F .469
(Each symbol is listed together with \214le, line)5.469 F(number)142 516
Q 2.5(,a)-.4 G(nd te)-2.5 E(xt of each line in which it occurs.)-.15 E
2.5<8341>142 528 S(ssembler or C language.)-2.5 E 2.5<8347>142 540 S
(athering or suppressing references to selected symbols.)-2.5 E 2.5
<834c>142 552 S(ast symbol de\214ned may replace line number)-2.5 E(.)
-.55 E 2.5<8356>142 564 S(arious w)-3.61 E(ays to sort output a)-.1 E
-.25(va)-.2 G(ilable.).25 E 2.5<8353>142 576 S(electi)-2.5 E .3 -.15
(ve p)-.25 H(rint of uniquely occurring symbols.).15 E 77.5 600 72.5 600
DL 77.5 595 77.5 600 DL 72.5 595 77.5 595 DL 72.5 600 72.5 595 DL(INDEX)
80.5 600 Q(Mak)142 600 Q 2.5(ec)-.1 G(ross-reference inde)-2.5 E -.15
(xe)-.15 G 2.5(so).15 G 2.5(fE)-2.5 G(nglish te)-2.5 E(xt.)-.15 E 2.5
<8348>142 612 S(andles lists of speci\214c inde)-2.5 E 2.5(xt)-.15 G
(erms or e)-2.5 E(xcluded terms.)-.15 E 2.5<8348>142 624 S(andles w)-2.5
E(ords h)-.1 E(yphenated across lines.)-.05 E 2.5<8355>142 636 S
(nderstands TR)-2.5 E(OFF and NR)-.4 E(OFF output, so can g)-.4 E
(ather references according to \214nal pagination.)-.05 E 2.5<834f>142
648 S(utput capabilities lik)-2.5 E 2.5(eC)-.1 G(REF)-2.5 E(.)-.8 E 2.5
<8346>142 660 S(requenc)-2.5 E 2.5(yc)-.15 G(ounts.)-2.5 E 77.5 684 72.5
684 DL 77.5 679 77.5 684 DL 72.5 679 77.5 679 DL 72.5 684 72.5 679 DL
(FORM)80.5 684 Q -.15(Fo)142 684 S 1.59(rm letter generator).15 F 6.59
(.R)-.55 G 1.59(emembers an)-6.59 F 4.09(yn)-.15 G 1.59
(umber of forms and stock phrases such as names and)-4.09 F 2.5
(addresses. Output)142 696 R(usually intended to be R)2.5 E(OFFed.)-.4 E
2.5<8341>142 708 S -.15(ny)-2.5 G
(thing that is typed in can be remembered for later use.).15 E(11)301
744 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(U)274.587 36 Q/F1 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(NIX)A F0
(Summary)2.5 E 2.5<8352>142 60 S(uns interacti)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(ly)
.15 E 2.5(,q)-.65 G
(uerying only for those items that are not in its memory)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E
2.5<8341>142 72 S .873 -.15(ny i)-2.5 H .573
(tem may call for the inclusion of other items.).15 F -.15(Fo)5.572 G
3.072(re).15 G .572(xample, full name, address, \214rst name,)-3.222 F
(title, etc., may be separately retrie)148 84 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(df)
.15 G(rom one name k)-2.5 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(.)-.5 E .4 LW 77.5 108 72.5
108 DL 77.5 103 77.5 108 DL 72.5 103 77.5 103 DL 72.5 108 72.5 103 DL
(FED)80.5 108 Q .156(Editor for the memory used by FORM.)142 108 R .156
(Extract an)5.156 F 2.656(yi)-.15 G .156(tem, turn it o)-2.656 F -.15
(ve)-.15 G 2.656(rt).15 G 2.656(oc)-2.656 G(onte)-2.656 E .156
(xt editor ED for edit-)-.15 F(ing, and put it back when done.)142 120 Q
2.5<834c>142 132 S(ist names of selected items.)-2.5 E 2.5<8350>142 144
S(rint contents of selected item.)-2.5 E 77.5 168 72.5 168 DL 77.5 163
77.5 168 DL 72.5 163 77.5 163 DL 72.5 168 72.5 163 DL(SOR)80.5 168 Q(T)
-.6 E(Sort or mer)142 168 Q(ge ASCII \214les line-by-line.)-.18 E 2.5
<8353>142 180 S(ort up or do)-2.5 E(wn.)-.25 E 2.5<8353>142 192 S
(ort le)-2.5 E(xicographically or on numeric k)-.15 E -.15(ey)-.1 G(.)
-.5 E 2.5<834d>142 204 S(ultiple k)-2.5 E -.15(ey)-.1 G 2.5(sl).15 G
(ocated by delimiters or by character position.)-2.5 E 2.5<834d>142 216
S(ay sort upper case together with lo)-2.5 E(wer into dictionary order)
-.25 E(.)-.55 E 2.5<8355>142 228 S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E
77.5 252 72.5 252 DL 77.5 247 77.5 252 DL 72.5 247 77.5 247 DL 72.5 252
72.5 247 DL(UNIQ)80.5 252 Q(Collapse successi)142 252 Q .3 -.15(ve d)
-.25 H(uplicate lines in a \214le into one line.).15 E 2.5<8350>142 264
S(ublishes lines that were originally unique, duplicated, or both.)-2.5
E 2.5<834d>142 276 S(ay gi)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve r)-.25 H(edundanc).15 E 2.5
(yc)-.15 G(ount for each line.)-2.5 E 2.5<8355>142 288 S
(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 77.5 312 72.5 312 DL 77.5 307 77.5
312 DL 72.5 307 77.5 307 DL 72.5 312 72.5 307 DL(TR)80.5 312 Q
(Do one-to-one character translation according to an arbitrary code.)142
312 Q 2.5<834d>142 324 S(ay coalesce selected repeated characters.)-2.5
E 2.5<834d>142 336 S(ay delete selected characters.)-2.5 E 2.5<8355>142
348 S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 77.5 372 72.5 372 DL 77.5 367
77.5 372 DL 72.5 367 77.5 367 DL 72.5 372 72.5 367 DL(DIFF)80.5 372 Q
(Report line changes, additions and deletions necessary to bring tw)142
372 Q 2.5<6f8c>-.1 G(les into agreement.)-2.5 E 2.5<834d>142 384 S
(ay produce an editor script to con)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.4 G
(rt one \214le into another).15 E(.)-.55 E 77.5 408 72.5 408 DL 77.5 403
77.5 408 DL 72.5 403 77.5 403 DL 72.5 408 72.5 403 DL(COMM)80.5 408 Q
.769(Identify common lines in tw)142 408 R 3.269(os)-.1 G .769
(orted \214les.)-3.269 F .769(Output in up to 3 columns sho)5.769 F .768
(ws lines present in \214rst)-.25 F(\214le only)142 420 Q 2.5(,p)-.65 G
(resent in both, and/or present in second only)-2.5 E(.)-.65 E 77.5 444
72.5 444 DL 77.5 439 77.5 444 DL 72.5 439 77.5 439 DL 72.5 444 72.5 439
DL(CMP)80.5 444 Q(Compare tw)142 444 Q 2.5<6f8c>-.1 G
(les and report disagreeing bytes.)-2.5 E 77.5 468 72.5 468 DL 77.5 463
77.5 468 DL 72.5 463 77.5 463 DL 72.5 468 72.5 463 DL(GREP)80.5 468 Q(P\
rint all lines in a \214le that satisfy a pattern of the kind used in t\
he editor ED.)142 468 Q 2.5<834d>142 480 S(ay print all lines that f)
-2.5 E(ail to match.)-.1 E 2.5<834d>142 492 S(ay print count of hits.)
-2.5 E 2.5<8355>142 504 S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 77.5 528
72.5 528 DL 77.5 523 77.5 528 DL 72.5 523 77.5 523 DL 72.5 528 72.5 523
DL(WC)80.5 528 Q(Count the lines and `)142 528 Q(`w)-.74 E(ords')-.1 E
2.5('\()-.74 G(blank-separated strings\) in a \214le.)-2.5 E 2.5<8355>
142 540 S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 77.5 564 72.5 564 DL 77.5
559 77.5 564 DL 72.5 559 77.5 559 DL 72.5 564 72.5 559 DL(TYPO)80.5 564
Q .125(Find typographical errors.)142 564 R .126
(Statistically analyzes all the w)5.125 F .126(ords in a te)-.1 F .126
(xt, weeds out se)-.15 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .126(ral thousand).15 F -.1(fa)
142 576 S .456(miliar ones, and publishes the rest sorted so that the m\
ost improbably spelled ones tend to come).1 F(to the top of the list.)
142 588 Q 77.5 612 72.5 612 DL 77.5 607 77.5 612 DL 72.5 607 77.5 607 DL
72.5 612 72.5 607 DL(GSI)80.5 612 Q(Simulate Model 37 T)142 612 Q
(eletype f)-.7 E(acilities on GSI-300, D)-.1 E
(ASI and other Diablo-mechanism terminals.)-.4 E 2.5<8347>142 624 S
-2.15 -.25(iv e)-2.5 H 2.5(sh).25 G(alf-line and re)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25
G(rse platen motions.).15 E 2.5<8341>142 636 S
(pproximates Greek letters and other special characters by o)-2.5 E -.15
(ve)-.15 G(rstriking.).15 E 2.5<8355>142 648 S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5
E(.)-.55 E 77.5 672 72.5 672 DL 77.5 667 77.5 672 DL 72.5 667 77.5 667
DL 72.5 672 72.5 667 DL(COL)80.5 672 Q(Canonicalize \214les with re)142
672 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G(rse line feeds for one-pass printing.).15 E 2.5
<8355>142 684 S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E(12)301 744 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(U)274.587 36 Q/F1 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(NIX)A F0
(Summary)2.5 E/F2 10/Times-Bold@0 SF 2.5(4N)72 60 S -.1(ove)-2.5 G
(lties).1 E F0(Source code for g)72 84 Q
(ame-playing programs is not distrib)-.05 E(uted.)-.2 E .4 LW 77.5 108
72.5 108 DL 77.5 103 77.5 108 DL 72.5 103 77.5 103 DL 72.5 108 72.5 103
DL(SPEAK)80.5 108 Q(Dri)142 108 Q -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rf).15 G(or V)-2.5
E(ocal Interf)-1.29 E(ace')-.1 E 2.5(sV)-.55 G F1 -.32(OT)-2.5 G(RAX).32
E F0(speech synthesizer)2.5 E 5(.R)-.55 G(eads input te)-5 E
(xt and utters it.)-.15 E 2.5<8341>142 120 S(ssociati)-2.5 E .78 -.15
(ve m)-.25 H .48(emory allo).15 F .481
(ws pronunciation rules for whole w)-.25 F .481(ords or w)-.1 F .481
(ord fragments to be added,)-.1 F(changed, deleted or queried.)148 132 Q
2.5<8343>142 144 S(an use dif)-2.5 E(ferent memories for dif)-.25 E
(ferent languages.)-.25 E 2.5<8355>142 156 S(sable as a \214lter to mak)
-2.5 E 2.5(et)-.1 G(he output of an)-2.5 E 2.5(yo)-.15 G
(ther program audible.)-2.5 E 77.5 180 72.5 180 DL 77.5 175 77.5 180 DL
72.5 175 77.5 175 DL 72.5 180 72.5 175 DL(CHESS)80.5 180 Q .496(This ch\
ess-playing program scored 1-2-1 and 3-0-1 in the 1973 and 1974 Compute\
r Chess Cham-)142 180 R(pionships.)142 192 Q 77.5 216 72.5 216 DL 77.5
211 77.5 216 DL 72.5 211 77.5 211 DL 72.5 216 72.5 211 DL(BJ)80.5 216 Q
2.5(Ab)142 216 S(lackjack dealer)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 77.5 240 72.5 240 DL
77.5 235 77.5 240 DL 72.5 235 77.5 235 DL 72.5 240 72.5 235 DL(CUBIC)
80.5 240 Q(An accomplished player of 4)142 240 Q/F3 10/Symbol SF<b4>A F0
(4)A F3<b4>A F0 2.5(4t)C(ic-tac-toe.)-2.5 E 77.5 264 72.5 264 DL 77.5
259 77.5 264 DL 72.5 259 77.5 259 DL 72.5 264 72.5 259 DL(MOO)80.5 264 Q
2.5(Af)142 264 S(ascinating number)-2.6 E(-guessing g)-.2 E(ame.)-.05 E
77.5 288 72.5 288 DL 77.5 283 77.5 288 DL 72.5 283 77.5 283 DL 72.5 288
72.5 283 DL(CAL)80.5 288 Q
(Prints a calendar of speci\214ed month and year)142 288 Q(.)-.55 E 77.5
312 72.5 312 DL 77.5 307 77.5 312 DL 72.5 307 77.5 307 DL 72.5 312 72.5
307 DL(UNITS)80.5 312 Q(Con)142 312 Q -.15(ve)-.4 G .368
(rts amounts between dif).15 F .368(ferent scales of measurement.)-.25 F
(Kno)5.368 E .369(ws hundreds of units.)-.25 F -.15(Fo)5.369 G 2.869(re)
.15 G(xam-)-3.019 E(ple, ho)142 324 Q 2.5(wm)-.25 G(an)-2.5 E 2.5(yk)
-.15 G(m/sec is a parsec/me)-2.5 E -.05(ga)-.15 G(year?).05 E 77.5 348
72.5 348 DL 77.5 343 77.5 348 DL 72.5 343 77.5 343 DL 72.5 348 72.5 343
DL(TTT)80.5 348 Q 2.5(At)142 348 S(ic-tac-toe program that learns.)-2.5
E(It ne)5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G 2.5(rm).15 G(ak)-2.5 E(es the same mistak)-.1
E 2.5(et)-.1 G(wice.)-2.5 E 77.5 372 72.5 372 DL 77.5 367 77.5 372 DL
72.5 367 77.5 367 DL 72.5 372 72.5 367 DL -.1(QU)80.5 372 S(IZ).1 E -.7
(Te)142 372 S(sts your kno).7 E(wledge of Shak)-.25 E
(espeare, Presidents, capitals, etc.)-.1 E 77.5 396 72.5 396 DL 77.5 391
77.5 396 DL 72.5 391 77.5 391 DL 72.5 396 72.5 391 DL(WUMP)80.5 396 Q
(Hunt the wumpus, thrilling search in a dangerous ca)142 396 Q -.15(ve)
-.2 G(.).15 E F2 2.5(5T)72 420 S(ypesetting)-3.24 E F0(This softw)72 444
Q(are is distrib)-.1 E(uted separately as an enhancement to U)-.2 E F1
(NIX)A F0(.)A F2(5.1 F)72 468 Q(ormatters)-.25 E F0 .448
(High programming skill is required to e)72 492 R .448(xploit the forma\
tting capabilities of these programs, although unskilled per)-.15 F(-)
-.2 E .524(sonnel can easily be trained to enter documents according to\
 canned formats.)72 504 R -.7(Te)5.525 G .525
(rminal-oriented and typesetter).7 F(-ori-)-.2 E
(ented formatters are suf)72 516 Q(\214ciently compatible that it is us\
ually possible to de\214ne interchangeable formats.)-.25 E 77.5 540 72.5
540 DL 77.5 535 77.5 540 DL 72.5 535 77.5 535 DL 72.5 540 72.5 535 DL
(NR)80.5 540 Q(OFF)-.4 E(Adv)142 540 Q 1.088
(anced typesetting for terminals.)-.25 F 1.088(Style similar to R)6.088
F(OFF)-.4 E 3.588(,b)-.8 G 1.087(ut capable of much more elaborate)
-3.788 F(feats of formatting, at a price in ease of use.)142 552 Q 2.5
<8341>142 564 S(ll R)-2.5 E(OFF capabilities a)-.4 E -.25(va)-.2 G
(ilable or de\214nable.).25 E 2.5<8343>142 576 S
(ompletely de\214nable page format k)-2.5 E -.15(ey)-.1 G
(ed to dynamically planted `).15 E(`interrupts')-.74 E 2.5('a)-.74 G 2.5
(ts)-2.5 G(peci\214ed lines.)-2.5 E 2.5<834d>142 588 S .969(aintains se)
-2.5 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .969(ral separately de\214nable typesetting en).15
F .969(vironments \(e.g. one for body te)-.4 F .97(xt, one for)-.15 F
(footnotes, and one for unusually elaborate headings\).)148 600 Q 2.5
<8341>142 612 S
(rbitrary number of output pools can be combined at will.)-2.5 E 2.5
<834d>142 624 S(acros with substitutable ar)-2.5 E
(guments, and macros in)-.18 E -.2(vo)-.4 G(cable in mid-line.).2 E 2.5
<8343>142 636 S(omputation and printing of numerical quantities.)-2.5 E
2.5<8343>142 648 S(onditional e)-2.5 E -.15(xe)-.15 G(cution of macros.)
.15 E 2.5<8354>142 660 S(ab)-3.3 E(ular layout f)-.2 E(acility)-.1 E(.)
-.65 E 2.5<834d>142 672 S .253
(ulticolumn output on terminals capable of re)-2.5 F -.15(ve)-.25 G .253
(rse line feed, or through the postprocessor COL.).15 F 2.5<8355>142 684
S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(13)301 744 Q EP
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/F0 10/Times-Roman@0 SF(U)274.587 36 Q/F1 8/Times-Roman@0 SF(NIX)A F0
(Summary)2.5 E .4 LW 77.5 60 72.5 60 DL 77.5 55 77.5 60 DL 72.5 55 77.5
55 DL 72.5 60 72.5 55 DL(Manual)80.5 60 Q(Printed manual for NR)142 60 Q
(OFF)-.4 E(.)-.8 E 77.5 84 72.5 84 DL 77.5 79 77.5 84 DL 72.5 79 77.5 79
DL 72.5 84 72.5 79 DL(TR)80.5 84 Q(OFF)-.4 E(Adv)142 84 Q 1.676
(anced phototypesetting for the Graphic Systems System/1.)-.25 F(Pro)
6.676 E 1.676(vides f)-.15 F 1.676(acilities lik)-.1 F 4.176(eN)-.1 G
-.4(RO)-4.176 G(FF).4 E(,)-.8 E(augmented as follo)142 96 Q 2.5
(ws. This)-.25 F(Summary w)2.5 E(as typeset by TR)-.1 E(OFF)-.4 E(.)-.8
E 2.5<8356>142 108 S(ocab)-3.79 E(ulary of se)-.2 E -.15(ve)-.25 G
(ral 102-character fonts \(4 simultaneously\) in 15 sizes.).15 E 2.5
<8350>142 120 S 1.183(ositions e)-2.5 F 1.183(xpressible in inches, cen\
timeters, ems, points, machine units or arithmetic combina-)-.15 F
(tions thereof.)148 132 Q 2.5<8341>142 144 S(ccess to character)-2.5 E
(-width computation for unusually dif)-.2 E(\214cult layout problems.)
-.25 E 2.5<834f>142 156 S -.15(ve)-2.5 G(rstrik).15 E(es, b)-.1 E
(uilt-up brack)-.2 E(ets, horizontal and v)-.1 E(ertical line dra)-.15 E
(wing.)-.15 E 2.5<8344>142 168 S(ynamic relati)-2.5 E .3 -.15(ve o)-.25
H 2.5(ra).15 G(bsolute positioning and size selection, globally or at t\
he character le)-2.5 E -.15(ve)-.25 G(l.).15 E 2.5<8354>142 180 S .331(\
erminal output for rough sampling of the product, usually needs a wide \
platen.)-3.2 F .331(Not a substitute)5.331 F(for NR)148 192 Q(OFF)-.4 E
(.)-.8 E 2.5<8355>142 204 S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 77.5 228
72.5 228 DL 77.5 223 77.5 228 DL 72.5 223 77.5 223 DL 72.5 228 72.5 223
DL(Manuals)80.5 228 Q(Printed manual and tutorial for TR)142 228 Q(OFF)
-.4 E(.)-.8 E 77.5 252 72.5 252 DL 77.5 247 77.5 252 DL 72.5 247 77.5
247 DL 72.5 252 72.5 247 DL(EQN)80.5 252 Q 3.657(Am)142 252 S 1.157
(athematical typesetting preprocessor for TR)-3.657 F(OFF)-.4 E 6.157
(.T)-.8 G 1.157(ranslates easily readable formulas, either)-6.507 F
(in-line or displayed, into detailed typesetting instructions.)142 264 Q
-.15(Fo)5 G(rmulas are written in a style lik).15 E 2.5(et)-.1 G(his:)
-2.5 E(sigma sup 2 ~=~ 1 o)172 276 Q -.15(ve)-.15 G 2.5(rNs).15 G
(um from i=1 to N \( x sub i - x bar \) sup 2)-2.5 E
(which produces this:)142 288 Q/F2 10/Symbol-Slanted SF(s)172 301.23 Q
F1(2)1.333 -.024 M/F3 10/Times-Italic@0 SF(=)4.998 .024 M(N)6.998 .042 M
204.449 301.212 199.449 301.212 DL 205.119 301.212 200.119 301.212 DL
210.119 301.212 205.119 301.212 DL F0(1)202.284 301.194 Q/F4 7
/Times-Italic@0 SF 1.166(i=)2.835 .096 O/F5 7/Times-Roman@0 SF(1)A/F6 16
/Symbol SF(S)-10.988 2.94 M F4(N)-7.071 -3.066 M F0(\()5.583 .066 M F3
(x)A/F7 8/Times-Italic@0 SF(i).018 I/F8 10/Symbol SF(-)2.999 -.018 M
250.156 295.23 245.156 295.23 DL F3(x)244.436 301.23 Q F0(\))1.666 E F1
(2)1.333 -.024 M F0 2.5<8341>142 313.272 S(utomatic calculation of size\
 changes for subscripts, sub-subscripts, etc.)-2.5 E 2.5<8346>142
325.272 S(ull v)-2.5 E(ocab)-.2 E(ulary of Greek letters, such as `g)-.2
E(amma', `GAMMA)-.05 E('.)-1.11 E 2.5<8341>142 337.272 S
(utomatic calculation of lar)-2.5 E(ge brack)-.18 E(et sizes.)-.1 E 2.5
<8356>142 349.272 S(ertical `)-3.61 E(`piling')-.74 E 2.5('o)-.74 G 2.5
(ff)-2.5 G(ormulae for matrices, conditional alternati)-2.5 E -.15(ve)
-.25 G(s, etc.).15 E 2.5<8349>142 361.272 S(nte)-2.5 E
(grals, sums, etc. with arbitrarily comple)-.15 E 2.5(xl)-.15 G(imits.)
-2.5 E 2.5<8344>142 373.272 S
(iacriticals: dots, double dots, hats, bars.)-2.5 E 2.5<8345>142 385.272
S(asily learned by nonprogrammers and mathematical typists.)-2.5 E 2.5
<8355>142 397.272 S(sable as a \214lter)-2.5 E(.)-.55 E 77.5 421.272
72.5 421.272 DL 77.5 416.272 77.5 421.272 DL 72.5 416.272 77.5 416.272
DL 72.5 421.272 72.5 416.272 DL(Manual)80.5 421.272 Q
(Printed manual for EQN.)142 421.272 Q 77.5 445.272 72.5 445.272 DL 77.5
440.272 77.5 445.272 DL 72.5 440.272 77.5 440.272 DL 72.5 445.272 72.5
440.272 DL(NEQN)80.5 445.272 Q 3.132(Am)142 445.272 S .632
(athematical typesetting preprocessor for NR)-3.132 F(OFF)-.4 E 5.632
(.P)-.8 G .633(repares formulas for display on Model 37)-5.632 F -.7(Te)
142 457.272 S(letypes with half-line functions and 128-character font.)
.7 E 2.5<8346>142 469.272 S
(or Diablo-mechanism terminals, \214lter output through GSI.)-2.65 E 2.5
<8353>142 481.272 S(ame f)-2.5 E
(acilities as EQN within graphical capability of terminal.)-.1 E 77.5
505.272 72.5 505.272 DL 77.5 500.272 77.5 505.272 DL 72.5 500.272 77.5
500.272 DL 72.5 505.272 72.5 500.272 DL(TBL)80.5 505.272 Q 2.542(Ap)142
505.272 S .042(reprocessor for NR)-2.542 F(OFF/TR)-.4 E .042
(OFF that translates simple descriptions of table layouts and contents)
-.4 F(into detailed typesetting instructions.)142 517.272 Q 2.5<8343>142
529.272 S(omputes column widths.)-2.5 E 2.5<8348>142 541.272 S(andles l\
eft- and right-justi\214ed columns, centered columns and decimal-point \
alignment.)-2.5 E 2.5<8350>142 553.272 S(laces column titles.)-2.5 E
77.5 577.272 72.5 577.272 DL 77.5 572.272 77.5 577.272 DL 72.5 572.272
77.5 572.272 DL 72.5 577.272 72.5 572.272 DL(MS)80.5 577.272 Q 2.5(As)
142 577.272 S(tandardized manuscript layout for use with NR)-2.5 E
(OFF/TR)-.4 E(OFF)-.4 E(.)-.8 E 2.5<8350>142 589.272 S
(age numbers and draft dates.)-2.65 E 2.5<8343>142 601.272 S -.15(ove)
-2.5 G 2.5(rs).15 G(heet and title page.)-2.5 E 2.5<8341>142 613.272 S
(utomatically numbered subheads.)-2.5 E 2.5<8346>142 625.272 S
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