%!PS-Adobe-2.0 %%Creator: dvips 5.516 Copyright 1986, 1993 Radical Eye Software %%Title: mpi-report.dvi %%CreationDate: Wed Oct 27 16:18:29 1993 %%Pages: 201 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 %%EndComments %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips mpi-report %DVIPSSource: TeX output 1993.10.27:1616 %%BeginProcSet: tex.pro /TeXDict 250 dict def TeXDict begin /N{def}def /B{bind def}N /S{exch}N /X{S N}B /TR{translate}N /isls false N /vsize 11 72 mul N /hsize 8.5 72 mul N /landplus90{false}def /@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1} ifelse 0 0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div hsize mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR matrix currentmatrix dup dup 4 get round 4 exch put dup dup 5 get round 5 exch put setmatrix}N /@landscape{/isls true N}B /@manualfeed{ statusdict /manualfeed true put}B /@copies{/#copies X}B /FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N /FBB[0 0 0 0]N /nn 0 N /IE 0 N /ctr 0 N 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y(from)k(the)g(United)i(States)e(and)h (Europ)q(e.)27 b(Most)16 b(of)h(the)h(ma)s(jor)e(v)o(endors)h(of)g (concurren)o(t)h(computers)75 1878 y(w)o(ere)10 b(in)o(v)o(olv)o(ed)i (in)f(MPI,)g(along)f(with)i(researc)o(hers)e(from)g(univ)o(ersities,)j (go)o(v)o(ernmen)o(t)d(lab)q(oratories,)h(and)75 1935 y(industry)l(.)21 b(The)14 b(standardization)h(pro)q(cess)f(b)q(egan)h (with)f(the)h(W)l(orkshop)f(on)g(Standards)g(for)g(Message)75 1991 y(P)o(assing)j(in)i(a)e(Distributed)h(Memory)f(En)o(vironmen)o(t,) h(sp)q(onsored)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(Cen)o(ter)f(for)g(Researc)o(h)h(on)75 2048 y(P)o(arallel)11 b(Computing,)g(held)h(April)f(29-30,)f(1992,)g (in)h(Williamsburg,)h(Virginia)g([21)o(].)18 b(A)o(t)9 b(this)i(w)o(orkshop)75 2104 y(the)17 b(basic)h(features)f(essen)o (tial)h(to)f(a)g(standard)g(message)g(passing)g(in)o(terface)h(w)o(ere) f(discussed,)i(and)e(a)75 2161 y(w)o(orking)e(group)g(established)i(to) d(con)o(tin)o(ue)i(the)f(standardization)h(pro)q(cess.)166 2219 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y(A)g(complete)h(list)g(of)f(goals)g(follo)o(ws.)143 1440 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Design)11 b(an)f(application)i(programming)e(in) o(terface)h(\(not)f(necessarily)i(for)d(compilers)j(or)e(a)g(system)189 1496 y(implemen)o(tation)16 b(library\).)143 1611 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Allo)o(w)15 b(e\016cien)o(t)h(comm)o(unication:)21 b(Av)o(oid)16 b(memory)e(to)h(memory)g(cop)o(ying)g(and)h(allo)o(w)f(o) o(v)o(erlap)189 1667 y(of)c(computation)h(and)g(comm)o(unication)h(and) f(o\017oad)f(to)g(comm)o(unication)i(co-pro)q(cessor,)f(where)189 1724 y(a)o(v)m(ailable.)143 1838 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Allo)o(w)15 b(for)g(implemen)o(tation)h(that)f(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(in)g(a)f (heterogeneous)g(en)o(vironmen)o(t.)143 1953 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Allo)o(w)15 b(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)h(C)f(and)h(F)l(ortran)e(77)g (bindings)j(for)e(the)g(in)o(terface.)143 2067 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Assume)15 b(a)g(reliable)i(comm)o(unication)f(in)o(terface:)k (User)15 b(need)h(not)f(cop)q(e)h(with)f(comm)o(unication)189 2124 y(failures.)21 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y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 3 11 3 10 bop 75 -100 a Ft(1.2.)34 b(WHO)15 b(SHOULD)h(USE)g(THIS)g(ST)l (AND)o(ARD?)824 b FE(3)75 45 y Fv(1.2)59 b(Who)20 b(Should)g(Use)g (This)f(Standa)n(rd?)75 157 y FE(This)d(standard)f(is)h(in)o(tended)h (for)e(use)g(b)o(y)h(all)g(those)f(who)g(w)o(an)o(t)g(to)f(write)i(p)q (ortable)g(message-passing)75 214 y(programs)9 b(in)j(F)l(ortran)d(77)i 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(eci\014cation)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 4 12 4 11 bop 75 -100 a FE(4)903 b Ft(CHAPTER)16 b(1.)34 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION) 17 b(TO)e(MPI)75 45 y Fv(1.5)59 b(What)20 b(Is)f(Not)h(Included)e(In)i (The)f(Standa)n(rd?)75 150 y FE(The)c(standard)g(do)q(es)h(not)f(sp)q (ecify:)143 264 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Explicit)17 b(shared-memory)e(op)q (erations)143 365 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Op)q(erations)c(that)e(require)i (more)f(op)q(erating)h(system)f(supp)q(ort)g(than)g(is)h(curren)o(tly)g (standard;)189 421 y(for)14 b(example,)i(in)o(terrupt-driv)o(en)g (receiv)o(es,)g(remote)f(execution,)h(or)e(activ)o(e)i(messages)143 522 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Program)13 b(construction)j(to)q(ols)143 622 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Debugging)15 b(facilities)143 723 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Auxiliary)17 b(functions)e(suc)o(h)h(as)f(timers)143 823 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Explicit)17 b(supp)q(ort)e(for)g(threads)143 924 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Supp)q(ort)15 b(for)g(task)f(managemen)o(t)143 1024 y FC(\017)23 b FE(I/O)15 b(functions)166 1139 y(There)g(are)f(man) o(y)h(features)f(that)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)i(considered)g(and)f(not)g (included)i(in)f(this)f(standard.)75 1196 y(This)j(happ)q(ened)h(for)e (a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(reasons,)g(one)g(of)g(whic)o(h)i(is)f(the)f (time)h(constrain)o(t)f(that)g(w)o(as)f(self)75 1252 y(imp)q(osed)g(in)h(\014nishing)g(the)e(standard.)20 b(F)l(eatures)15 b(that)f(are)h(not)g(included)j(can)e(alw)o(a)o(ys)e (b)q(e)i(o\013ered)f(as)75 1308 y(extensions)i(b)o(y)f(sp)q(eci\014c)j (implemen)o(tations.)24 b(P)o(erhaps)17 b(future)f(v)o(ersions)g(of)g (MPI)h(will)h(address)e(some)75 1365 y(of)f(these)g(issues.)75 1518 y Fv(1.6)59 b(Organization)20 b(of)g(this)f(Do)r(cument)75 1622 y FE(The)f(follo)o(wing)h(is)f(a)g(list)g(of)g(the)g(c)o(hapters)f (in)i(this)f(do)q(cumen)o(t,)h(along)f(with)g(a)f(brief)i(description)g (of)75 1679 y(eac)o(h.)143 1793 y FC(\017)k FE(Chapter)c(2,)i Fx(MPI)e(T)l(erms)h(and)g(Conventions)p FE(,)j(explains)e(notational)f (terms)g(and)g(con)o(v)o(en)o(tions)189 1850 y(used)15 b(throughout)g(the)g(MPI)g(do)q(cumen)o(t.)143 1950 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Chapter)16 b(3,)g Fx(P)o(oint)h(to)f(P)o(oint)h (Communication)p FE(,)f(de\014nes)h(the)g(basic,)g(pairwise)g(comm)o (unication)189 2007 y(subset)c(of)h(MPI.)f Fs(send)g FE(and)h Fs(r)n(e)n(c)n(eive)e FE(are)h(found)h(here,)g(along)g(with)g (man)o(y)f(asso)q(ciated)h(functions)189 2063 y(designed)i(to)f(mak)o (e)f(basic)i(comm)o(unication)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(erful)g(and)f(e\016cien)o (t.)143 2164 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Chapter)12 b(4,)h Fx(Collective)g (Communications)p FE(,)f(de\014nes)i(pro)q(cess-group)f(collectiv)o(e)h (comm)o(unication)189 2220 y(op)q(erations.)28 b(W)l(ell)19 b(kno)o(wn)f(examples)h(of)e(this)i(are)e(barrier)i(and)f(broadcast)f (o)o(v)o(er)g(a)h(group)f(of)189 2277 y(pro)q(cesses)e(\(not)g (necessarily)h(all)g(the)g(pro)q(cesses\).)143 2377 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Chapter)16 b(5,)g Fx(Groups,)h(Contexts,)i(and)e (Communicato)o(rs)p FE(,)e(sho)o(ws)h(ho)o(w)g(groups)g(of)g(pro)q (cesses)h(are)189 2434 y(formed)c(and)h(manipulated,)i(ho)o(w)d(unique) i(comm)o(unication)g(con)o(texts)e(are)h(obtained,)g(and)g(ho)o(w)189 2490 y(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(are)h(b)q(ound)h(together)e(in)o(to)h(a)g Fs(c)n(ommunic)n(ator)p FE(.)143 2591 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Chapter)18 b(6,)h Fx(Pro)q(cess)h(T)l(op)q(ologies)p FE(,)f(explains)h(a)f(set)f(of)h(utilit)o(y)h(functions)f(mean)o(t)f (to)h(assist)f(in)189 2647 y(the)13 b(mapping)i(of)e(pro)q(cess)g (groups)h(\(a)f(linearly)i(ordered)f(set\))f(to)g(ric)o(her)h(top)q (ological)g(structures)189 2704 y(suc)o(h)h(as)g(m)o(ulti-dimensional)j (grids.)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 5 13 5 12 bop 75 -100 a Ft(1.6.)34 b(OR)o(GANIZA)l(TION)17 b(OF)e(THIS)h(DOCUMENT)810 b FE(5)143 45 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Chapter)10 b(7,)h Fx(MPI)g(Environmental)g(Management)p FE(,)g(explains)h(ho)o(w)f(the)g(programmer)e(can)i(manage)189 102 y(and)22 b(mak)o(e)f(inquiries)j(of)d(the)h(curren)o(t)f(MPI)h(en)o (vironmen)o(t.)40 b(These)22 b(functions)g(are)g(needed)189 158 y(for)g(the)h(writing)g(of)f(correct,)i(robust)e(programs,)i(and)f (are)f(esp)q(ecially)j(imp)q(ortan)o(t)e(for)f(the)189 214 y(construction)15 b(of)g(highly-p)q(ortable)i(message-passing)f (programs.)143 308 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Chapter)c(8,)i Fx(Pro\014ling)f (Interface)p FE(,)h(explains)g(a)f(simple)i(name)e(shifting)h(con)o(v)o (en)o(tion)f(that)f(an)o(y)189 365 y(MPI)i(implemen)o(tation)i(m)o(ust) e(supp)q(ort.)38 b(One)22 b(motiv)m(ation)g(for)f(this)h(is)g(the)f (abilit)o(y)i(to)e(put)189 421 y(p)q(erformance)c(pro\014ling)i(calls)f (in)o(to)g(MPI)f(without)h(the)f(need)i(for)d(access)i(to)f(the)g(MPI)h (source)189 478 y(co)q(de.)31 b(The)19 b(name)g(shift)g(is)h(merely)f (an)g(in)o(terface,)h(it)f(sa)o(ys)f(nothing)i(ab)q(out)e(ho)o(w)h(the) g(actual)189 534 y(pro\014ling)h(should)g(b)q(e)f(done)h(and)f(in)h (fact,)f(the)g(name)g(shift)g(can)g(usefully)i(b)q(e)e(used)h(for)e (other)189 591 y(purp)q(oses.)143 684 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Chapter)10 b(9,)h Fx(Initial)f(Implementation)g(Subset)p FE(,)j(suggests)d(to)g(MPI)h(implemen)o(tors)g(a)f(\\core")g(subset)189 741 y(of)16 b(MPI)h(that)g(is)g(useful,)h(in)o(ternally)h(consisten)o (t,)e(and)g(should)h(app)q(ear)g(\014rst)e(in)i(the)f(ev)o(olution)189 797 y(of)d(an)h(MPI)g(implemen)o(tation.)21 b(The)15 b(subset)g(is)h(de\014ned)g(so)e(that)h(consisten)o(t)g(implemen)o (tations)189 854 y(can)d(app)q(ear)g(rapidly)l(,)i(and)e(p)q(ortable)h (parallel)h(programming)d(with)i(MPI)f(can)g(start)f(in)i(a)f(timely) 189 910 y(manner.)143 1004 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Annex)18 b(A,)f Fx(Language)g(Bindings)p FE(,)i(giv)o(es)f(sp)q(eci\014c)h(syn)o 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y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 7 15 7 14 bop 75 -100 a Ft(2.3.)34 b(D)o(A)l(T)l(A)15 b(TYPES)1375 b FE(7)75 45 y Fz(lo)q(cally-blo)r(c)o(king)26 b FE(if)18 b(return)g(from)f(the)h(pro)q(cedure)h(indicates)g(the)f(user)g(is)h (allo)o(w)o(ed)f(to)f(re-use)i(re-)189 102 y(sources)c(sp)q(eci\014ed)i (in)f(the)f(call;)75 211 y Fz(globally-blo)q(cking)25 b FE(if)c(return)f(from)g(the)g(pro)q(cedure)i(indicates)f(the)g(comm)o (unication)g(op)q(eration)189 267 y(has)15 b(completed.)166 393 y(When)i(discussing)i(the)e(b)q(eha)o(vior)h(of)e(an)o(y)h(MPI)g (function,)h(not)e(necessarily)j(a)d(comm)o(unication)75 450 y(function,)g(the)f(follo)o(wing)h(terms)f(are)f(used.)75 575 y Fz(lo)q(cal)25 b FE(An)16 b(op)q(eration)g(is)g Fz(lo)q(cal)i FE(if)e(its)g(completion)h(dep)q(ends)h(only)e(on)g(the)f (lo)q(cal)i(executing)g(pro)q(cess.)189 632 y(Suc)o(h)e(an)h(op)q (eration)f(do)q(es)h(not)e(require)i(comm)o(unication)g(with)g(another) 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y(b)o(y)i(MPI)g(for)f(eac)o(h)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)g(opaque)g (system)f(ob)s(ject.)20 b(In)15 b(F)l(ortran,)f(all)i(handles)g(ha)o(v) o(e)e(t)o(yp)q(e)h Fp(INTEGER)p FE(.)75 1962 y(The)g(allo)q(cation)g (and)g(deallo)q(cation)h(of)e(suc)o(h)h(an)f(ob)s(ject,)g(and)g(an)o(y) h(access)f(or)g(up)q(date)h(to)f(it,)g(are)h(done)75 2018 y(only)h(via)f(MPI)g(calls)i(that)d(accept)i(as)e(argumen)o(ts)h (handles)h(to)f(suc)o(h)g(ob)s(jects.)166 2079 y(An)f(opaque)f(ob)s (ject,)g(and)h(the)g(handle)g(to)f(suc)o(h)h(an)g(ob)s(ject,)e(are)i (signi\014can)o(t)g(only)g(at)f(the)h(pro)q(cess)75 2135 y(where)h(the)h(ob)s(ject)e(w)o(as)h(created,)g(and)g(cannot)g(b)q(e)h (transferred)f(to)f(another)h(pro)q(cess.)166 2195 y(Opaque)h(system)e (ob)s(jects)h(are)g(allo)q(cated)h(and)f(deallo)q(cated)i(b)o(y)e (calls)h(that)f(are)f(sp)q(eci\014c)j(to)e(eac)o(h)75 2252 y(ob)s(ject)k(t)o(yp)q(e.)32 b(These)20 b(are)f(listed)i(in)f(the) f(sections)h(where)g(the)f(ob)s(jects)g(are)g(describ)q(ed.)35 b(A)19 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y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 9 17 9 16 bop 75 -100 a Ft(2.4.)34 b(LANGUA)o(GE)15 b(BINDING)1187 b FE(9)75 45 y Fq(2.3.5)49 b(Choice)75 134 y FE(MPI)11 b(functions)h(sometimes)f(use)h(argumen)o(ts)e(with)h(a)g Fs(choic)n(e)g FE(\(or)g(union\))g(data)g(t)o(yp)q(e.)19 b(Distinct)11 b(calls)i(to)75 191 y(the)f(same)g(routine)g(ma)o(y)g (pass)f(b)o(y)h(reference)h(actual)f(argumen)o(ts)f(of)h(di\013eren)o (t)g(t)o(yp)q(es.)19 b(The)12 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y(extensions.)26 b(Finally)l(,)19 b(the)f(curren)o(t)f(prop)q(osal)g(do)q(es)g(not)g(sp) q(ecify)i(a)d(naming)i(sc)o(heme)f(for)g(pro)q(cesses.)75 1071 y(W)l(e)c(prop)q(ose)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(to)h(iden)o(tify)h(pro)q (cesses)g(according)f(to)g(their)h(relativ)o(e)f(rank)g(in)h(a)f (group,)g(so)g(that,)75 1128 y(e\013ectiv)o(ely)l(,)j(pro)q(cesses)g (are)e(iden)o(ti\014ed)k(b)o(y)d(consecutiv)o(e)h(in)o(tegers)f(in)h (the)g(range)e Fp(0..groupsize-1)p FE(.)75 1290 y Fv(2.6)59 b(Erro)n(r)21 b(Handling)75 1398 y FE(MPI)11 b(pro)o(vides)h(the)g (user)f(with)h(reliable)i(message)d(transmission.)19 b(A)11 b(message)g(sen)o(t)g(is)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(receiv)o(ed)75 1455 y(correctly)l(,)17 b(and)g(the)g(user)g(do)q(es)g(not)f(need)i(to) e(c)o(hec)o(k)h(for)f(transmission)h(errors,)f(time-outs,)h(or)f(other) 75 1511 y(error)11 b(conditions.)20 b(In)13 b(other)f(w)o(ords,)f(MPI)h (do)q(es)g(not)g(pro)o(vide)g(mec)o(hanisms)h(for)e(dealing)j(with)e (failures)75 1568 y(in)17 b(the)f(comm)o(unication)h(system.)k(If)c (the)f(MPI)g(implemen)o(tation)h(is)f(built)i(on)e(an)g(unreliable)i (under-)75 1624 y(lying)h(mec)o(hanism,)f(then)g(it)f(is)h(the)g(job)f (of)g(the)g(implemen)o(tor)i(of)e(the)g(MPI)h(subsystem)f(to)g (insulate)75 1681 y(the)c(user)h(from)e(this)i(unreliabilit)o(y)l(,)i (or)d(to)f(re\015ect)i(unreco)o(v)o(erable)f(errors)g(as)f(global)i (program)e(failures.)75 1737 y(Similarly)l(,)i(MPI)e(itself)h(pro)o (vides)f(no)g(mec)o(hanisms)h(for)e(handling)i(no)q(de)g(failures.)20 b(\(A)11 b(mec)o(hanism)i(that)75 1794 y(allo)o(ws)i(the)h(user)f(to)g (restrict)g(the)g(scop)q(e)h(of)e(an)i(unreco)o(v)o(erable)f(error)g (is)h(presen)o(ted)f(in)h(section)g(7.2.\))166 1853 y(Of)g(course,)h (MPI)f(programs)f(ma)o(y)h(still)i(b)q(e)f(erroneous.)23 b(A)16 b Fz(program)i(error)d FE(can)i(o)q(ccur)f(when)75 1910 y(an)g(MPI)g(call)g(is)h(called)g(with)f(an)g(incorrect)g(argumen) o(t)f(\(non-existing)i(destination)g(in)g(a)e(send)i(op)q(er-)75 1966 y(ation,)g(bu\013er)g(to)q(o)f(small)h(in)h(a)e(receiv)o(e)i(op)q (eration,)f(etc.\))25 b(This)17 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(error)g(w)o(ould)h (o)q(ccur)h(in)f(an)o(y)75 2023 y(implemen)o(tation.)31 b(In)19 b(addition,)h(a)f Fz(resource)h(error)d FE(ma)o(y)h(o)q(ccur)h (when)g(a)f(program)f(exceeds)j(the)75 2079 y(amoun)o(t)d(of)f(a)o(v)m (ailable)j(system)e(resources)h(\(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(p)q(ending)i (messages,)e(system)g(bu\013ers,)g(etc.\).)75 2136 y(The)h(o)q (ccurrence)h(of)f(this)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)g(error)f(dep)q(ends)j(on)e (the)g(amoun)o(t)f(of)g(a)o(v)m(ailable)j(resources)e(in)h(the)75 2192 y(system)13 b(and)h(the)g(resource)f(allo)q(cation)i(mec)o(hanism) f(used;)h(this)f(ma)o(y)f(di\013er)h(from)f(system)g(to)g(system.)75 2249 y(A)j(high)h(qualit)o(y)g(implemen)o(tation)g(will)h(pro)o(vide)e (generous)h(limits)g(on)f(some)g(of)f(the)i(resources)f(so)f(as)75 2305 y(to)h(alleviate)i(the)f(p)q(ortabilit)o(y)h(problem)f(this)h (represen)o(ts.)24 b(A)17 b(program)f(is)h Fz(safe)g FE(if)g(it)g(is)h(not)e(sub)s(ject)75 2361 y(to)f(resource)g(errors,)f Fz(unsafe)p FE(,)h(otherwise.)166 2421 y(All)k(MPI)f(calls)g(return)g (a)g(co)q(de)g(that)f(indicates)i(successful)g(completion)g(of)e(the)h (op)q(eration,)g(or)75 2478 y(the)g(error)f(condition)i(that)f(o)q (ccurred,)h(otherwise.)28 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)17 b(MPI)h(do)q(es)g(not) g(require)h(the)f(user)g(to)75 2534 y(c)o(hec)o(k)e(for)e(error)h(v)m (alues.)22 b(It)15 b(is)h(recommended)h(that)d(an)i(implemen)o(tation)g (pro)o(vide)g(an)g(en)o(vironmen)o(t)75 2591 y(for)f(MPI)h(execution)g (that)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(set)g(so)f(that)g(an)o(y)g(error)g(encoun)o (tered)h(in)h(an)e(MPI)h(call)g(will)i(cause)75 2647 y(a)d(program)g(to)g(fail)i(with)f(a)f(suitable)i(error)e(message)g (returned)h(to)f(the)h(user.)22 b(The)16 b(en)o(vironmen)o(t)g(for)75 2704 y(an)f(MPI)g(execution)h(can)f(also)f(b)q(e)i(set)f(so)f(that)g (\(non-fatal\))g(errors)h(do)f(not)h(cause)g(a)g(program)e(to)i(fail,) -32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 12 20 12 19 bop 75 -100 a FE(12)697 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(2.)30 b(MPI)15 b(TERMS)h(AND)f(CONVENTIONS)75 45 y FE(and)j(the)f(user)g(can) h(pro)o(vide)g(his)g(or)f(her)g(o)o(wn)g(error)g(reco)o(v)o(ery)f(co)q (de.)27 b(A)18 b(mec)o(hanism)g(that)e(ac)o(hiev)o(es)75 102 y(this)g(in)g(a)f(POSIX)h(en)o(vironmen)o(t)f(is)h(describ)q(ed)h (in)f(section)g(7.2.)166 159 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y(lel)j(services)g (whose)f(op)q(eration)g(is)g(collectiv)o(e.)33 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)18 b(the)h(follo)o(wing)g(program)f(is)i(exp)q(ected)g(to)75 2492 y(complete)c(in)g(an)f(ANSI)h(C)f(en)o(vironmen)o(t)h(regardless)f (of)g(the)g(size)h(of)f Fp(MPI)p 1371 2492 V 17 w(COMM)p 1484 2492 V 16 w(WORLD)p FE(:)75 2591 y Fp(int)23 b(rank;)75 2647 y(MPI_Init\()g(argc,)g(argv)g(\);)75 2704 y(MPI_Comm_rank\()f (MPI_COMM_WORLD,)g(&rank)h(\);)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 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y(An)g(MPI)g(implemen)o(tation)h(will)g(pro)o(vide)f(information)g(and) g(con)o(trol)f(on)h(the)g(amoun)o(t)f(of)g(a)o(v)m(ail-)75 1696 y(able)i(bu\013er)g(space)g(and)g(on)f(the)h(bu\013ering)g(p)q (olicy)h(via)f(the)g(en)o(vironmen)o(tal)g(enquiries)i(describ)q(ed)f (in)75 1752 y(Chapter)d(7.)166 1809 y(Examples)h(\(in)o(v)o(olving)g(t) o(w)o(o)e(pro)q(cesses)h(with)h(ranks)f(0)f(and)i(1\))166 1865 y(The)f(follo)o(wing)h(program)e(is)i(safe,)f(and)g(should)h(alw)o (a)o(ys)f(succeed.)75 2013 y Fp(CALL)23 b(MPI_COMM_RANK\(comm,)f(rank,) h(ierr\))75 2069 y(IF)h(\(rank.EQ.0\))123 2126 y(THEN)170 2182 y(CALL)g(MPI_SEND\(sendbuf,)d(count,)i(MPI_REAL,)g(1,)h(tag,)f (comm,)g(ierr\))170 2239 y(CALL)h(MPI_RECV\(recvbuf,)d(count,)i (MPI_REAL,)g(1,)h(tag,)f(comm,)g(status,)g(ierr\))123 2295 y(ELSE)95 b(!)23 b(rank.EQ.1)170 2352 y(CALL)h(MPI_RECV\(recvbuf,) d(count,)i(MPI_REAL,)g(0,)h(tag,)f(comm,)g(status,)g(ierr\))170 2408 y(CALL)h(MPI_SEND\(sendbuf,)d(count,)i(MPI_REAL,)g(0,)h(tag,)f 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FE(21)75 45 y Fp(IF)24 b(\(rank.EQ.0\))123 102 y(THEN)170 158 y(CALL)g(MPI_RECV\(recvbuf,)d(count,)i(MPI_REAL,)g(1,)h (tag,)f(comm,)g(status,)g(ierr\))170 214 y(CALL)h(MPI_SEND\(sendbuf,)d (count,)i(MPI_REAL,)g(1,)h(tag,)f(comm,)g(ierr\))123 271 y(ELSE)95 b(!)23 b(rank.EQ.1)170 327 y(CALL)h(MPI_RECV\(recvbuf,)d (count,)i(MPI_REAL,)g(0,)h(tag,)f(comm,)g(status,)g(ierr\))170 384 y(CALL)h(MPI_SEND\(sendbuf,)d(count,)i(MPI_REAL,)g(0,)h(tag,)f (comm,)g(ierr\))75 440 y(END)g(IF)166 538 y FE(The)15 b(receiv)o(e)g(op)q(eration)g(of)f(the)h(\014rst)f(pro)q(cess)h(m)o (ust)f(complete)i(b)q(efore)f(its)f(send,)h(and)g(can)g(com-)75 594 y(plete)j(only)g(if)g(the)f(matc)o(hing)g(send)h(of)f(the)g(second) h(pro)q(cessor)f(is)h(executed;)g(the)g(receiv)o(e)g(op)q(eration)75 651 y(of)c(the)h(second)g(pro)q(cess)g(m)o(ust)f(complete)h(b)q(efore)g (its)f(send)i(and)e(can)h(complete)g(only)g(if)g(the)g(matc)o(hing)75 707 y(send)h(of)f(the)g(\014rst)g(pro)q(cess)g(is)h(executed.)21 b(This)15 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b(where)189 981 y(the)k(datat)o(yp)q(es)f(of)g(the)h(corresp) q(onding)h(en)o(tries)f(in)h(the)f(sender)g(program,)e(in)j(the)f(send) g(call,)h(in)189 1037 y(the)f(receiv)o(e)h(call)g(and)g(in)g(the)f (receiv)o(er)h(program)e(should)i(all)g(matc)o(h.)143 1129 y FC(\017)23 b FE(Comm)o(unication)16 b(of)g(un)o(t)o(yp)q(ed)h(v) m(alues)g(\(e.g.,)e(of)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)h Fx(MPI)p 1330 1129 V 16 w(BYTE)p FE(\),)g(where)g(b)q(oth)g(sender)189 1186 y(and)g(receiv)o(er)h(use)f(the)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)g Fx(MPI)p 881 1186 V 15 w(BYTE)p FE(.)h(In)f(this)h(case,)f(there)g(are) g(no)f(requiremen)o(ts)i(on)189 1242 y(the)d(t)o(yp)q(es)h(of)f(the)g (corresp)q(onding)h(en)o(tries)g(in)h(the)e(sender)h(and)g(the)f (receiv)o(er)h(programs,)e(nor)h(is)189 1299 y(it)h(required)h(that)f (they)g(b)q(e)h(the)f(same.)166 1388 y(The)g(follo)o(wing)h(examples)g (illustrate)h(these)e(t)o(w)o(o)f(cases.)166 1444 y(First)h(program:)75 1533 y Fp(CALL)23 b(MPI_COMM_RANK\(comm,)f(rank,)h(ierr\))75 1590 y(IF\(rank.EQ.0\))123 1646 y(THEN)170 1703 y(CALL)h (MPI_SEND\(a\(1\),)e(10,)h(MPI_REAL,)g(1,)g(tag,)h(comm,)f(ierr\))123 1759 y(ELSE)170 1815 y(CALL)h(MPI_RECV\(a\(1\),)e(15,)h(MPI_REAL,)g(0,) g(tag,)h(comm,)f(status,)g(ierr\))75 1872 y(END)g(IF)166 1961 y FE(This)c(co)q(de)f(is)h(correct)e(if)i(b)q(oth)f(sender)h(and)f (receiv)o(er)h(programs)d(ha)o(v)o(e)i(allo)q(cated)h(consecutiv)o(e)75 2017 y(storage)14 b(for)h(ten)g(real)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)g(starting)g (from)f Fp(a\(1\))p FE(.)166 2074 y(Second)i(program:)75 2163 y Fp(CALL)23 b(MPI_COMM_RANK\(comm,)f(rank,)h(ierr\))75 2219 y(IF\(rank.EQ.0\))123 2276 y(THEN)170 2332 y(CALL)h (MPI_SEND\(a\(1\),)e(10,)h(MPI_REAL,)g(1,)g(tag,)h(comm,)f(ierr\))123 2389 y(ELSE)170 2445 y(CALL)h(MPI_RECV\(a\(1\),)e(40,)h(MPI_BYTE,)g(0,) g(tag,)h(comm,)f(status,)g(ierr\))75 2502 y(END)g(IF)166 2591 y FE(This)d(co)q(de)g(is)f(erroneous,)h(since)g(sender)g(and)g (receiv)o(er)g(do)f(not)f(pro)o(vide)i(matc)o(hing)f(datat)o(yp)q(e)75 2647 y(argumen)o(ts.)166 2704 y(Third)d(program:)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 23 31 23 30 bop 75 -100 a Ft(3.6.)34 b(D)o(A)l(T)l(A)15 b(CONVERSION)1197 b FE(23)75 45 y Fp(CALL)23 b(MPI_COMM_RANK\(comm,)f(rank,)h(ierr\))75 102 y(IF\(rank.EQ.0\))123 158 y(THEN)170 214 y(CALL)h (MPI_SEND\(a\(1\),)e(40,)h(MPI_BYTE,)g(1,)g(tag,)h(comm,)f(ierr\))123 271 y(ELSE)170 327 y(CALL)h(MPI_RECV\(a\(1\),)e(60,)h(MPI_BYTE,)g(0,)g (tag,)h(comm,)f(status,)g(ierr\))75 384 y(END)g(IF)166 478 y FE(This)16 b(co)q(de)f(is)h(correct,)f(irresp)q(ectiv)o(e)h(of)f (the)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)e Fp(a\(1\))h FE(and)g(follo)o(wing)h(v)m (ariables)h(in)f(store.)166 535 y(Some)e(implemen)o(tations)g(ma)o(y)f (disallo)o(w)i(the)f(transfer)e(of)i(F)l(ortran)e(c)o(haracter)h (strings)h(using)g(the)75 592 y(MPI)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g Fx(MPI)p 366 592 14 2 v 16 w(BYTE)p FE(.)75 736 y Fv(3.6)59 b(Data)19 b(conversion)75 838 y FE(One)d(of)f(the)g(goals)g(of)g(MPI)g(is)h(to)e (supp)q(ort)i(parallel)g(computations)f(across)g(heterogeneous)g(en)o (viron-)75 894 y(men)o(ts.)20 b(Comm)o(unication)15 b(in)h(a)f (heterogeneous)g(en)o(vironmen)o(t)h(ma)o(y)e(require)i(data)f(con)o(v) o(ersions.)166 951 y(W)l(e)g(use)h(the)f(follo)o(wing)h(terminology:)75 1046 y Fz(t)o(yp)q(e)h(con)o(v)o(ersion)22 b FE(c)o(hanges)16 b(the)h(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(of)g(a)g(v)m(alue,)h(e.g.)23 b(b)o(y)17 b(rounding)g(a)f Fx(REAL)h FE(to)f(an)g Fx(INTE-)189 1102 y(GER)p FE(.)75 1197 y Fz(represen)o(tation)h(con)o(v)o(ersion)22 b FE(c)o(hanges)16 b(the)h(binary)g(represen)o(tation)f(of)g(a)g(v)m (alue,)h(e.g.)23 b(from)16 b(Hex)189 1253 y(\015oating)f(p)q(oin)o(t)g (to)g(IEEE)g(\015oating)h(p)q(oin)o(t.)166 1348 y(The)d(t)o(yp)q(e)g (matc)o(hing)g(rules)g(imply)h(that)e(MPI)h(comm)o(unication)h(nev)o (er)f(en)o(tails)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(con)o(v)o(ersion.)75 1404 y(On)20 b(the)f(other)f(hand,)i(MPI)f(requires)h(that)e(a)h (represen)o(tation)g(con)o(v)o(ersion)g(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed)f(when)g (a)75 1461 y(t)o(yp)q(ed)i(v)m(alue)h(is)f(transferred)f(across)g(en)o (vironmen)o(ts)h(that)f(use)h(di\013eren)o(t)f(represen)o(tations)h (for)f(the)75 1517 y(datat)o(yp)q(e)g(of)g(this)h(v)m(alue.)38 b(MPI)20 b(do)q(es)h(not)f(sp)q(ecify)i(rules)g(for)d(represen)o (tation)i(con)o(v)o(ersion.)36 b(Suc)o(h)75 1573 y(con)o(v)o(ersion)21 b(is)g(exp)q(ected)i(to)d(preserv)o(e)h(in)o(teger,)h(logical)g(or)e(c) o(haracter)h(v)m(alues,)i(and)e(to)f(con)o(v)o(ert)g(a)75 1630 y(\015oating)15 b(p)q(oin)o(t)h(v)m(alue)g(to)f(the)g(nearest)g(v) m(alue)h(that)f(can)g(represen)o(ted)h(on)f(the)g(target)f(system.)166 1687 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)c(and)h(under\015o)o(w)g(exceptions)h(ma)o(y)e (o)q(ccur)i(during)f(\015oating)g(p)q(oin)o(t)g(con)o(v)o(ersions;)h (con)o(v)o(er-)75 1743 y(sion)i(of)e(in)o(tegers)i(or)e(c)o(haracters)h (ma)o(y)f(also)h(lead)h(to)f(exceptions)h(when)g(a)e(v)m(alue)j(that)d (can)h(represen)o(ted)75 1800 y(in)18 b(one)g(system)f(cannot)g(b)q(e)h (represen)o(ted)g(in)h(the)e(other)g(system.)26 b(An)18 b(exception)h(o)q(ccurring)f(during)75 1856 y(represen)o(tation)f(con)o (v)o(ersion)f(results)h(in)h(a)e(failure)i(of)e(the)g(comm)o (unication;)i(an)e(error)g(o)q(ccurs)h(either)75 1912 y(in)f(the)f(send)h(op)q(eration,)f(or)g(the)g(receiv)o(e)h(op)q (eration,)f(or)g(b)q(oth.)166 1969 y(If)22 b(a)f(v)m(alue)i(sen)o(t)e (in)h(a)f(message)g(is)h(un)o(t)o(yp)q(ed)h(\(i.e.,)f(of)f(t)o(yp)q(e)h Fx(MPI)p 1370 1969 V 15 w(BYTE)p FE(\),)g(then)g(the)f(binary)75 2026 y(represen)o(tation)15 b(of)f(the)h(b)o(yte)g(stored)f(at)g(the)h (receiv)o(er)h(is)f(iden)o(tical)i(to)d(the)h(binary)h(represen)o (tation)e(of)75 2082 y(the)f(b)o(yte)g(loaded)h(at)e(the)h(sender.)20 b(This)14 b(holds)f(true,)g(whether)g(sender)h(and)f(receiv)o(er)h(run) f(in)h(the)f(same)75 2138 y(or)i(in)h(distinct)g(en)o(vironmen)o(ts;)f (no)g(represen)o(tation)h(con)o(v)o(ersion)f(is)h(required.)166 2195 y(Note)d(that)g(no)g(con)o(v)o(ersion)h(ev)o(er)f(o)q(ccurs)h (when)g(an)f(MPI)g(program)g(executes)h(in)g(a)f(homogeneous)75 2252 y(system,)i(where)h(all)g(pro)q(cesses)g(run)g(in)g(the)g(same)f (en)o(vironmen)o(t.)22 b(Also)16 b(note)f(the)h(di\013eren)o(t)f(b)q (eha)o(vior)75 2308 y(of)e Fx(MPI)p 210 2308 V 15 w(BYTE)h FE(and)f(of)g Fx(MPI)p 575 2308 V 15 w(CHAR)p FE(.)h(A)f(bu\013er)g 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y(to)g(the)h(represen)o(tation)f(for)g(reals)h(on)f (the)h(receiv)o(er)g(site)g(b)q(efore)g(they)g(are)f(stored)g(in)h(the) g(receiv)o(e)g(bu\013er.)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 24 32 24 31 bop 75 -100 a FE(24)608 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)35 b(POINT)16 b(TO)f(POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)75 45 y FE(While)j(the)e(n)o 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b(the)h(send)h(bu\013er)f(will)i(b)q(e)e(stored)g(in)h(the)f (receiv)o(e)h(bu\013er,)f(ev)o(en)h(if)f(sender)h(and)f(receiv)o(er)h (run)75 503 y(in)e(a)g(di\013eren)o(t)f(en)o(vironmen)o(t.)28 b(The)18 b(message)f(sen)o(t)g(has)h(exactly)f(the)h(same)f(length)i (\(in)f(b)o(ytes\))f(and)75 560 y(the)f(same)f(binary)h(represen)o (tation)f(as)g(the)h(message)f(receiv)o(ed.)22 b(If)16 b(the)f(v)m(ariables)i(in)f(the)g(send)g(bu\013er)75 616 y(are)f(of)h(di\013eren)o(t)g(t)o(yp)q(es)g(from)f(the)h(v)m (ariables)h(in)f(the)g(receiv)o(e)h(bu\013er,)e(or)h(they)g(are)f(of)h (the)f(same)h(t)o(yp)q(e)75 672 y(but)h(di\013eren)o(t)g(data)g (represen)o(tations)f(are)h(used,)h(then)f(the)g(bits)h(stored)e(in)i (the)f(receiv)o(e)h(bu\013er)f(ma)o(y)75 729 y(enco)q(de)f(v)m(alues)h (that)d(are)h(di\013eren)o(t)g(from)g(the)g(v)m(alues)h(they)g(enco)q (ded)g(in)g(the)g(send)f(bu\013er.)166 789 y(Data)f(represen)o(tation)i (con)o(v)o(ersion)f(also)h(applies)h(to)e(the)g(en)o(v)o(elop)q(e)i(of) 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y(the)j(sender)h(bu\013er.)30 b(Th)o(us,)18 b(the)h(op)q(eration)f (is)h Fz(lo)q(cally-blo)r(c)o(king)p FE(:)29 b(it)19 b(do)q(es)f(not)g(return)g(un)o(til)i(the)75 2362 y(send)c(op)q (eration)f(has)g(completed)h Fz(lo)q(cally)p FE(,)i(on)d(the)g(sender)h (side.)166 2421 y(The)f(completion)i(of)e(a)g(send)h(op)q(eration)f (giv)o(es)h(no)f(indication)i(that)e(the)g(message)g(w)o(as)g(receiv)o (ed)75 2478 y(on)i(the)g(receiv)o(er)h(side.)26 b(A)17 b(blo)q(c)o(king)i(send)e(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)g(implemen)o(ted)i(so)e(that)f (it)h(returns)g(only)h(after)e(a)75 2534 y(matc)o(hing)j(receiv)o(e)h (has)f(b)q(een)h(executed)g(on)f(the)h(receiv)o(er)f(side.)33 b(This)20 b(a)o(v)o(oids)e(the)i(need)g(to)e(bu\013er)75 2591 y(message)e(data)f(out)h(of)f(sender)i(or)e(receiv)o(er)i(memory)l (.)22 b(In)17 b(this)f(case)g(the)g(send)h(op)q(eration)f(completes)75 2647 y(only)e(after)e(the)i(matc)o(hing)f(receiv)o(e)h(has)g(started)e (executing.)21 b(On)13 b(the)h(other)f(hand,)g(it)h(is)g(also)f(p)q 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1478 y(IN)155 b Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)424 b Fr(datat)o(yp)q(e)14 b(of)g(eac)o(h)g(receiv)o(e)h(bu\013er)g(elemen) o(t)e(\(handle\))117 1563 y(IN)155 b Fx(source)468 b Fr(rank)14 b(of)f(source)j(\(in)o(teger\))117 1648 y(IN)155 b Fx(tag)526 b Fr(message)14 b(tag)f(\(in)o(teger\))117 1733 y(IN)155 b Fx(comm)470 b Fr(comm)o(unicator)11 b(\(handle\))117 1817 y(OUT)108 b Fx(request)452 b Fr(comm)o(unication)11 b(request)k(\(handle\))75 1947 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 1947 15 2 v 17 w(Irecv\(void*)g(buf,)g(int)g(count,)g(MPI)p 1002 1947 V 17 w(Datatype)g(datatype,)g(int)g(source,)393 2003 y(int)h(tag,)f(MPI)p 683 2003 V 17 w(Comm)g(comm,)g(MPI)p 1034 2003 V 17 w(Comm)p 1147 2003 V 17 w(request)g(request\))75 2094 y(MPI)p 150 2094 V 17 w(IRECV\(BUF,)f(COUNT,)h(DATATYPE,)g (SOURCE,)g(TAG,)g(COMM,)g(REQUEST,)g(IERROR\))170 2151 y()g(BUF\(*\))170 2207 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(SOURCE,)g (TAG,)g(COMM,)g(REQUEST,)g(IERROR)166 2299 y FE(These)c(calls)g(allo)q 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y(plete.)37 b(In)21 b(suc)o(h)g(a)f(case,)i(the)e(status)g(ob)s (ject)g(is)h(set)f(to)g(con)o(tain)h(information)g(on)f(the)h (completed)75 2591 y(op)q(eration;)15 b(if)h(the)f(comm)o(unication)h (ob)s(ject)e(w)o(as)h(created)g(b)o(y)g(a)g(non)o(blo)q(c)o(king)h (send)g(or)f(receiv)o(e,)h(then)75 2647 y(it)i(is)g(deallo)q(cated)i (and)e(the)g(request)f(b)q(ecomes)i(n)o(ull.)29 b(The)18 b(call)h(returns)f Fx(\015ag=false)p FE(,)g(otherwise.)28 b(In)75 2704 y(suc)o(h)16 b(a)e(case,)h(the)h(v)m(alue)g(of)f(the)g (status)f(ob)s(ject)h(is)h(unde\014ned.)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 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b(TO)f(POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)166 45 y FE(A)22 b(call)g(to)f Fx(MPI)p 458 45 14 2 v 16 w(W)l(AIT)h FE(that)f (completes)h(a)f(receiv)o(e)i(will)g(ev)o(en)o(tually)g(terminate)e (and)h(return)75 102 y(if)f(a)f(matc)o(hing)g(send)h(has)f(b)q(een)h (started,)g(unless)g(the)g(send)g(is)f(satis\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(another)g (receiv)o(e.)36 b(In)75 158 y(particular,)20 b(if)f(the)g(matc)o(hing)g (send)g(is)g(non)o(blo)q(c)o(king,)i(then)e(the)g(receiv)o(e)g(should)h (complete)f(ev)o(en)g(if)75 214 y(no)c(call)i(is)e(executed)i(b)o(y)e (the)g(sender)h(to)f(complete)h(the)f(send.)20 b(Similarly)l(,)e(a)d (call)h(to)f Fx(MPI)p 1651 214 V 15 w(W)l(AIT)h FE(that)75 271 y(completes)i(a)e(send)i(will)h(ev)o(en)o(tually)f(return)f(if)g(a) g(matc)o(hing)g(receiv)o(e)h(has)f(b)q(een)h(started,)f(unless)h(the)75 327 y(receiv)o(e)e(is)g(satis\014ed)f(b)o(y)g(another)g(send,)g(and)g (ev)o(en)h(if)f(no)g(call)h(is)g(executed)g(to)e(complete)i(the)f (receiv)o(e.)166 386 y(Example:)75 507 y Fp(CALL)23 b (MPI_COMM_RANK\(comm,)f(rank,)h(ierr\))75 564 y(IF)h(\(RANK.EQ.0\))147 620 y(THEN)218 677 y(CALL)f(MPI_ISEND\()g(h,)h(a,)f(1,)h(MPI_REAL,)e (1,)i(0,)g(comm,)f(ierr\))218 733 y(CALL)g(MPI_RECV\()g(b,)h(1,)f (MPI_REAL,)g(1,)h(0,)f(comm,)g(ierr\))218 790 y(CALL)g(MPI_WAIT\()g(h,) h(status\))147 846 y(ELSE)94 b(!)24 b(rank.EQ.1)218 903 y(CALL)f(MPI_RECV\()g(a,)h(1,)f(MPI_REAL,)g(0,)h(0,)f(comm,)g(ierr\)) 218 959 y(CALL)g(MPI_SEND\()g(b,)h(1,)f(MPI_REAL,)g(0,)h(0,)f(comm,)g (ierr\))75 1015 y(END)g(IF)166 1134 y FE(This)16 b(co)q(de)f(should)i (not)d(deadlo)q(c)o(k)j(in)f(a)f(correct)f(MPI)h(implemen)o(tation.)166 1193 y(If)j Fx(MPI)p 299 1193 V 16 w(TEST)g FE(that)e(completes)j(a)e (receiv)o(e)i(is)f(rep)q(eatedly)h(called)g(with)f(the)g(same)f (argumen)o(ts,)75 1249 y(and)d(a)g(matc)o(hing)g(send)g(has)g(b)q(een)h (started,)e(then)h(the)g(call)h(will)g(ev)o(en)o(tually)g(return)f Fx(\015ag=true)p FE(,)h(unless)75 1306 y(the)i(send)g(is)g(satis\014ed) h(b)o(y)f(another)f(receiv)o(e.)25 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y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(ARRAY)p 651 1163 V 17 w(OF)p 716 1163 V 17 w(REQUESTS\(*\),)170 1220 y(ARRAY)p 293 1220 V 17 w(OF)p 358 1220 V 17 w(STATUSES\(MPI)p 663 1220 V 15 w(STATUS)p 822 1220 V 17 w(SIZE,*\),)g(IERROR)166 1307 y FE(Blo)q(c)o(ks)12 b(un)o(til)h(all)g(comm)o(unication)g(op)q (erations)f(asso)q(ciated)g(with)g(requests)f(in)i(the)f(list)h (complete,)75 1364 y(and)k(return)g(the)g(status)f(of)h(all)h(these)f (op)q(erations.)26 b(Both)16 b(arra)o(ys)g(ha)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(same)f(n) o(um)o(b)q(er)i(of)e(v)m(alid)75 1420 y(en)o(tries.)24 b(The)16 b Fx(i)p FE(-th)h(en)o(try)f(in)h Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 694 1420 14 2 v 14 w(of)p 745 1420 V 16 w(statuses)i FE(is)e(set)f(to)g(the)h(return)f(status)f(of)h(the)h Fx(i)p FE(-th)f(op)q(eration.)75 1477 y(All)g(comm)o(unication)g(ob)s (jects)f(are)g(deallo)q(cated)h(and)g(all)g(requests)f(are)g(set)g(to)g (n)o(ull.)166 1534 y(The)f(execution)h(of)f Fx(MPI)p 596 1534 V 16 w(W)l(AIT)l(ALL\(count,)g(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1046 1534 V 15 w(of)p 1098 1534 V 16 w(requests,)i(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1390 1534 V 15 w(of)p 1442 1534 V 16 w(statuses)g FE(has)e(the)g(same) 75 1591 y(e\013ect)j(as)g(the)g(execution)i(of)e Fx(MPI)p 680 1591 V 16 w(W)l(AIT\(a)o(rra)o(y)p 922 1591 V 14 w(of)p 973 1591 V 16 w(request[i],)i(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1288 1591 V 15 w(of)p 1340 1591 V 16 w(statuses[i]\))p FE(,)h(for)c Fp(i=0)24 b(,...,)75 1647 y(count-1)p FE(,)14 b(in)i(some)f(arbitrary)f (order.)75 1752 y Fx(MPI)p 160 1752 V 16 w(TEST)l(ALL\(count,)i(a)o (rra)o(y)p 613 1752 V 14 w(of)p 664 1752 V 16 w(requests,)h(\015ag,)e (a)o(rra)o(y)p 1054 1752 V 14 w(of)p 1105 1752 V 16 w(statuses\))117 1831 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(count)482 b Fr(lists)14 b(length)g(\(in)o (teger\))117 1908 y(INOUT)62 b Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 416 1908 V 15 w(of)p 468 1908 V 16 w(requests)272 b Fr(arra)o(y)14 b(of)f(requests)j(\(arra)o(y)e(of)f(handle\))117 1986 y(OUT)108 b Fx(\015ag)518 b Fr(\(logical\))117 2064 y(OUT)108 b Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 416 2064 V 15 w(of)p 468 2064 V 16 w(statuses)276 b Fr(arra)o(y)14 b(of)f(status)i(ob)r(jects)g (\(Status\))75 2189 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 2189 15 2 v 17 w(Testall\(int)g(count,)g(MPI)p 788 2189 V 16 w(Comm)p 900 2189 V 17 w(request)g(*array)p 1252 2189 V 16 w(of)p 1316 2189 V 17 w(requests,)g(int)g(*flag,)393 2246 y(MPI)p 468 2246 V 17 w(Status)g(*array)p 796 2246 V 16 w(of)p 860 2246 V 17 w(statuses\))75 2334 y(MPI)p 150 2334 V 17 w(TESTALL\(COUNT,)f(ARRAY)p 645 2334 V 16 w(OF)p 709 2334 V 17 w(REQUESTS,)h(FLAG,)g(ARRAY)p 1228 2334 V 16 w(OF)p 1292 2334 V 17 w(STATUSES,)g(IERROR\))170 2390 y(LOGICAL)g(FLAG)170 2447 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(ARRAY)p 651 2447 V 17 w(OF)p 716 2447 V 17 w(REQUESTS\(*\),)170 2503 y(ARRAY)p 293 2503 V 17 w(OF)p 358 2503 V 17 w(STATUSES\(MPI)p 663 2503 V 15 w(STATUS)p 822 2503 V 17 w(SIZE,*\),)g(IERROR)166 2591 y FE(Causes)13 b(either)g(all)h(or)f(none)g(of)g(the)g(op)q (erations)g(asso)q(ciated)g(with)g(the)g(comm)o(unication)h(requests)75 2647 y(to)k(complete.)30 b(It)18 b(returns)h Fx(\015ag)f(=)h(true)g FE(if)g(all)g(comm)o(unications)g(asso)q(ciated)g(with)f(requests)h(in) g(the)75 2704 y(arra)o(y)10 b(ha)o(v)o(e)h(completed.)19 b(In)12 b(this)g(case,)f(eac)o(h)h(status)e(en)o(try)h(is)h(set)f(to)f (the)i(status)e(of)h(the)g(corresp)q(onding)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 35 43 35 42 bop 75 -100 a Ft(3.8.)29 b(NONBLOCKING)17 b(COMMUNICA)l(TION)868 b FE(35)75 45 y(comm)o(unication.)20 b(All)14 b(comm)o(unication)g(ob)s (jects)e(are)g(deallo)q(cated,)j(and)e(all)h(requests)e(are)h(set)g(to) f(n)o(ull.)75 102 y(Otherwise,)h Fx(\015ag)f(=)g(false)f FE(is)i(returned,)f(no)g(request)g(is)g(mo)q(di\014ed)h(and)f(the)g(v)m (alues)h(of)e(the)h(status)f(en)o(tries)75 158 y(are)k(unde\014ned.)22 b(This)15 b(is)h(a)f(non)o(blo)q(c)o(king)i(op)q(eration)e(that)f (returns)h(immediately)l(.)166 214 y(Example:)75 363 y Fp(CALL)23 b(MPI_COMM_RANK\(comm,)f(rank,)h(ierr\))75 419 y(IF\(rank)g(<)h(2\))123 476 y(THEN)214 b(!)24 b(rank=0)f(or)g (rank=1)170 532 y(CALL)h(MPI_ISEND\(request,)d(a,)j(n,)f(MPI_REAL,)g (2,)h(tag,)f(comm,)g(ierr\))170 589 y(****)h(do)f(some)h(computation)e (to)i(mask)f(latency)g(****)170 645 y(CALL)h(MPI_WAIT\(request,)d (status,)i(ierr\))123 702 y(ELSE)214 b(!)24 b(rank=2)170 758 y(CALL)g(MPI_IRECV\(request_list\(0)o(\),)d(a,)j(n,)f(MPI_REAL,)g (0,)g(tag,)h(comm,)f(ierr\))170 814 y(CALL)h (MPI_IRECV\(request_list\(1)o(\),)d(b,)j(n,)f(MPI_REAL,)g(1,)g(tag,)h (comm,)f(ierr\))170 871 y(****)h(do)f(some)h(computation)e(to)i(mask)f (latency)g(****)170 927 y(CALL)h(MPI_WAITANY\(2,)e(request_list,)g (index,)h(status,)g(ierr\))170 984 y(IF\(index.EQ.0\))218 1040 y(THEN)266 1097 y(****)g(handle)g(message)g(from)g(process)g(0)h (****)266 1153 y(CALL)f(MPI_WAIT\(request_list\(1\),)e(status,)i (ierr\))266 1210 y(****)g(handle)g(message)g(from)g(process)g(1)h(****) 218 1266 y(ELSE)266 1323 y(****)f(handle)g(message)g(from)g(process)g (1)h(****)266 1379 y(CALL)f(MPI_WAIT\(request_list\(0\),)e(status,)i (ierr\))266 1435 y(****)g(handle)g(message)g(from)g(process)g(0)h(****) 170 1492 y(END)g(IF)75 1548 y(END)f(IF)166 1640 y FE(The)13 b(calls)h(in)o(tro)q(duced)f(in)h(this)f(subsection)h(can)f(b)q(e)g (used)g(to)f(w)o(ait)g(or)h(test)f(for)g(the)h(completion)g(of)75 1697 y(an)h(arbitrary)f(mix)h(of)f(non)o(blo)q(c)o(king)i(comm)o 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Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 320 2035 V 14 w(of)p 371 2035 V 16 w(statuses)p FE(\))18 b(argumen)o(t.)166 2092 y(An)j Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 344 2092 V 15 w(of)p 396 2092 V 16 w(requests)i FE(argumen)o(t)e(that)f(is)i (passed)g(to)e(an)o(y)h(of)g(the)h(last)f(four)g(functions)h(ma)o(y)75 2148 y(con)o(tain)14 b(n)o(ull)i(en)o(tries.)k(These)14 b(en)o(tries)h(are)e(ignored)i(and)f(the)h(call)g(executes)g(as)e(if)i (it)f(w)o(as)g(supplied)i(an)75 2205 y(arra)o(y)g(of)h(requests)h(con)o (taining)g(only)g(the)g(non-n)o(ull)h(en)o(tries.)27 b(As)17 b(a)h(request)f(in)h Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1608 2205 V 15 w(of)p 1660 2205 V 16 w(requests)h FE(is)75 2261 y(set)13 b(to)g(n)o(ull)i(when)f(the)g(corresp)q(onding)g(op)q(eration) g(completes,)g(this)g(allo)o(ws)g(to)f(reuse)g(the)h(same)f(arra)o(y)75 2318 y(for)j(completing)h(in)g(successiv)o(e)g(calls)h(the)e(op)q (erations)g(asso)q(ciated)h(with)f(this)h(arra)o(y)l(.)22 b(Th)o(us,)16 b(the)g(last)75 2374 y(example)g(can)f(b)q(e)h(rewritten) f(as)g(follo)o(ws:)75 2534 y Fp(CALL)23 b(MPI_COMM_RANK\(comm,)f(rank,) h(ierr\))75 2591 y(IF\(rank)g(<)h(2\))123 2647 y(THEN)214 b(!)24 b(rank=0)f(or)g(rank=1)170 2704 y(CALL)h(MPI_ISEND\(request,)d (a,)j(n,)f(MPI_REAL,)g(2,)h(tag,)f(comm,)g(ierr\))-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 36 44 36 43 bop 75 -100 a FE(36)608 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)35 b(POINT)16 b(TO)f(POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)170 45 y Fp(CALL)24 b(MPI_WAIT\(request,)d(status,)i(ierr\))123 102 y(ELSE)214 b(!)24 b(rank=2)170 158 y(CALL)g(MPI_IRECV\(request_list\(0)o(\),)d(a,) j(n,)f(MPI_REAL,)g(0,)g(tag,)h(comm,)f(ierr\))170 214 y(CALL)h(MPI_IRECV\(request_list\(1)o(\),)d(b,)j(n,)f(MPI_REAL,)g(1,)g (tag,)h(comm,)f(ierr\))170 271 y(CALL)h(MPI_WAITANY\(2,)e (request_list,)g(index,)h(status,)g(ierr\))266 327 y(****)g(handle)g (first)g(arriving)g(message)47 b(****)170 384 y(CALL)24 b(MPI_WAITANY\(2,)e(request_list,)g(index,)h(status,)g(ierr\))266 440 y(****)g(handle)g(second)g(arriving)g(message)47 b(****)166 564 y FE(If)18 b Fx(MPI)p 299 564 14 2 v 16 w(W)l(AIT)l(ANY)i FE(or)d Fx(MPI)p 676 564 V 16 w(TEST)l(ANY)j FE(are)e(called)i(with)e(an)g(empt)o(y)g Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1534 564 V 15 w(of)p 1586 564 V 16 w(requests)i FE(argu-)75 620 y(men)o(t)d(\(i.e.,)g(an)g(arra)o(y)f(of)h(length)h(zero,)f(or)f (an)i(arra)o(y)d(with)j(all)g(en)o(tries)g(n)o(ull\))g(then)f(they)h (return)f(the)75 677 y(v)m(alue)k Fm(MPI)p 274 677 13 2 v 14 w(UNDEFINED)d FE(in)i Fx(index)p FE(;)i Fx(MPI)p 812 677 14 2 v 16 w(W)l(AIT)l(ALL)d FE(with)h(an)f(empt)o(y)g Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1449 677 V 14 w(of)p 1500 677 V 16 w(requests)j FE(argumen)o(t)75 733 y(has)15 b(no)g(e\013ect;)g Fx(MPI)p 437 733 V 16 w(TEST)l(ALL)g FE(with)g(an)g(empt)o(y)g Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1058 733 V 15 w(of)p 1110 733 V 16 w(requests)i FE(argumen)o(t)e(returns)g Fx(\015ag=true)p FE(.)75 896 y Fv(3.9)59 b(Prob)r(e)20 b(and)f(Cancel)75 1004 y FE(The)d Fx(MPI)p 254 1004 V 16 w(PROBE)g FE(and)g Fx(MPI)p 605 1004 V 16 w(IPROBE)g FE(op)q(erations)g(allo)o(w)g(incoming)h(messages) e(to)g(b)q(e)h(c)o(hec)o(k)o(ed)g(for,)75 1060 y(without)g(actually)h (receiving)h(them.)k(The)17 b(user)f(can)g(then)h(decide)g(ho)o(w)f(to) g(receiv)o(e)h(them,)f(based)g(on)75 1117 y(the)i(information)f (returned)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(prob)q(e)g(\(basically)l(,)h(the)e (information)h(returned)g(b)o(y)f Fx(status)p FE(\).)28 b(In)75 1173 y(particular,)16 b(the)g(user)g(ma)o(y)f(allo)q(cate)h 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1572 V 16 w(IPROBE)h FE(will)h(ev)o(en)o(tually)f(return)g Fp(flag)23 b(=)h(true)75 1628 y FE(unless)16 b(the)g(message)e(is)i (receiv)o(ed)g(b)o(y)g(another)e(concurren)o(t)i(receiv)o(e)g(op)q (eration.)166 1688 y(The)h Fx(MPI)p 346 1688 V 16 w(CANCEL)g FE(op)q(eration)g(allo)o(ws)g(p)q(ending)i(comm)o(unications)e(to)f(b)q (e)i(cancelled.)27 b(This)17 b(is)75 1744 y(required)j(for)f(clean)o (up.)33 b(P)o(osting)19 b(a)g(send)h(or)f(a)g(receiv)o(e)h(ties)f(up)h (user)f(resources)h(\(send)f(or)g(receiv)o(e)75 1801 y(bu\013ers\),)14 b(and)i(a)f(cancel)h(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)g(needed)i(to)d (free)i(these)f(resources)g(gracefully)l(.)75 1908 y Fx(MPI)p 160 1908 V 16 w(IPROBE\(source,)h(tag,)f(comm,)d(\015ag,)j (status\))117 1989 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(source)468 b Fr(source)15 b(rank,)f(or)27 b Fm(MPI)p 1281 1989 13 2 v 15 w(ANY)p 1381 1989 V 14 w(SOURCE)13 b Fr(\(in)o(teger\))117 2071 y(IN)155 b Fx(tag)526 b Fr(tag)14 b(v)n(alue)f(or)28 b Fm(MPI)p 1226 2071 V 14 w(ANY)p 1325 2071 V 15 w(T)m(A)o(G)12 b Fr(\(in)o(teger\))117 2153 y(IN)155 b Fx(comm)470 b Fr(comm)o(unicator)11 b(\(handle\))117 2235 y(OUT)108 b Fx(\015ag)518 b Fr(\(logical\))117 2316 y(OUT)108 b Fx(status)476 b Fr(status)15 b(ob)r(ject)g(\(Status\))75 2444 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 2444 15 2 v 17 w(Iprobe\(int)g(source,)g (int)g(tag,)g(MPI)p 1002 2444 V 17 w(Comm)g(comm,)h(int)f(*flag,)393 2501 y(MPI)p 468 2501 V 17 w(Status)g(*status\))75 2591 y(MPI)p 150 2591 V 17 w(IPROBE\(SOURCE,)f(TAG,)h(COMM,)g(FLAG,)g (STATUS,)g(IERROR\))170 2647 y(LOGICAL)g(FLAG)170 2704 y(INTEGER)g(SOURCE,)g(TAG,)h(COMM,)f(STATUS\(MPI)p 1058 2704 V 16 w(STATUS)p 1218 2704 V 16 w(SIZE\),)g(IERROR)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 37 45 37 44 bop 75 -100 a Ft(3.9.)34 b(PR)o(OBE)16 b(AND)f(CANCEL)1161 b FE(37)166 45 y Fx(MPI)p 251 45 14 2 v 16 w(IPROBE)19 b FE(returns)f Fx(\015ag)g(=)h(true)f FE(if)h(there)g(is)f(a)g(message) g(that)g(can)g(b)q(e)h(receiv)o(ed)g(and)g(that)75 102 y(matc)o(hes)i(the)g(pattern)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e(the)h(argumen)o (ts)e Fx(source)p FE(,)i Fx(tag)p FE(,)g(and)g Fx(comm)p FE(.)35 b(It)21 b(returns)g Fx(\015ag)75 158 y(=)i(false)p FE(,)h(otherwise.)41 b(If)23 b Fx(MPI)p 633 158 V 16 w(IPROBE)g FE(returns)f Fx(\015ag)g(=)h(true)p FE(,)h(then)f(the)f (status)g(ob)s(ject)g(can)g(b)q(e)75 214 y(subsequen)o(tly)c(queried)g 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y(pro)q(cess)e(is)h(m)o(ulti-threaded,)h(it)f(is)f(the)h(user's)f(resp) q(onsibilit)o(y)i(to)e(ensure)h(that)e(the)i(last)f(condition)75 667 y(holds.)75 771 y Fx(MPI)p 160 771 V 16 w(PROBE\(source,)d(tag,)f (comm,)e(status\))117 848 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(source)468 b Fr(source)15 b(rank,)f(or)27 b Fm(MPI)p 1281 848 13 2 v 15 w(ANY)p 1381 848 V 14 w(SOURCE)13 b Fr(\(in)o(teger\))117 924 y(IN)155 b Fx(tag)526 b Fr(tag)14 b(v)n(alue,)e(or)28 b Fm(MPI)p 1237 924 V 14 w(ANY)p 1336 924 V 15 w(T)m(A)o(G)13 b Fr(\(in)o(teger\))117 1000 y(IN)155 b Fx(comm)470 b Fr(comm)o(unicator)11 b(\(handle\))117 1077 y(OUT)108 b Fx(status)476 b Fr(status)15 b(ob)r(ject)g(\(Status\))75 1201 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 1201 15 2 v 17 w(Probe\(int)g(source,)g (int)g(tag,)h(MPI)p 979 1201 V 16 w(Comm)g(comm,)f(MPI)p 1330 1201 V 17 w(Status)g(*status\))75 1288 y(MPI)p 150 1288 V 17 w(PROBE\(SOURCE,)f(TAG,)h(COMM,)g(STATUS,)g(IERROR\))170 1345 y(INTEGER)g(SOURCE,)g(TAG,)h(COMM,)f(STATUS\(MPI)p 1058 1345 V 16 w(STATUS)p 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y(ately)l(,)f(p)q(ossibly) i(b)q(efore)e(the)h(comm)o(unication)g(is)f(actually)h(cancelled.)166 2195 y(It)c(is)g(still)h(necessary)f(to)g(complete)g(a)g(comm)o (unication)g(that)f(has)h(b)q(een)h(mark)o(ed)e(for)h(cancellation,)75 2251 y(using)i(a)g(call)h(to)e Fx(MPI)p 450 2251 V 15 w(W)l(AIT)h FE(or)f Fx(MPI)p 728 2251 V 16 w(TEST)h FE(\(or)f(an)o(y)g (of)g(the)h(deriv)o(ed)h(op)q(erations\).)k(If)14 b(the)g(op)q(eration) 75 2308 y(has)h(b)q(een)h(cancelled,)g(then)f(information)g(to)g(that)f (e\013ect)g(will)j(b)q(e)e(returned)g(in)h(the)f(status)f(argumen)o(t) 75 2364 y(of)g(the)g(op)q(eration)g(that)f(completes)i(the)f(comm)o (unication.)20 b(If)14 b(a)g(comm)o(unication)g(is)h(mark)o(ed)e(for)h (can-)75 2421 y(cellation,)f(then)f(a)f Fx(MPI)p 485 2421 V 16 w(W)l(AIT)h FE(call)g(for)f(that)g(comm)o(unication)h(is)g (guaran)o(teed)f(to)g(return,)g(irresp)q(ectiv)o(e)75 2477 y(of)17 b(the)g(activities)i(of)e(other)g(pro)q(cesses)h(\(i.e.,)f Fx(MPI)p 970 2477 V 16 w(W)l(AIT)g FE(b)q(eha)o(v)o(es)h(as)f(a)g(lo)q (cal)i(function\);)f(similarly)75 2534 y(if)f Fx(MPI)p 203 2534 V 16 w(TEST)f FE(is)h(rep)q(eatedly)h(called)g(in)f(a)f(busy)g (w)o(ait)g(lo)q(op)h(for)f(a)g(cancelled)j(comm)o(unication,)e(then)75 2590 y Fx(MPI)p 160 2590 V 16 w(TEST)e FE(will)i(ev)o(en)o(tually)f(b)q (e)g(successful.)166 2647 y(Either)j(the)f(cancellation)i(succeeds,)f (or)f(the)g(comm)o(unication)h(succeeds,)h(but)e(not)g(b)q(oth.)29 b(If)18 b(a)75 2704 y(send)h(is)h(mark)o(ed)e(for)g(cancellation,)j (then)e(it)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(the)f(case)g(that)f(either)h(the)g(send) g(completes)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 38 46 38 45 bop 75 -100 a FE(38)608 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)35 b(POINT)16 b(TO)f(POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)75 45 y FE(normally)l(,)i (in)h(whic)o(h)f(case)f(the)h(message)f(sen)o(t)g(w)o(as)g(receiv)o(ed) h(at)f(the)h(destination)g(pro)q(cess,)g(or)f(that)75 102 y(the)e(send)h(is)f(successfully)i(cancelled,)g(in)e(whic)o(h)h (case)f(no)g(part)f(of)h(the)g(message)f(w)o(as)g(receiv)o(ed)j(at)d (the)75 158 y(destination.)21 b(Then,)15 b(an)o(y)f(matc)o(hing)h (receiv)o(e)h(has)e(to)h(b)q(e)g(satis\014ed)h(b)o(y)e(another)h(send.) 20 b(If)15 b(a)g(receiv)o(e)g(is)75 214 y(mark)o(ed)d(for)f (cancellation,)k(then)d(it)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(the)g(case)f(that)f (either)i(the)g(receiv)o(e)g(completes)g(normally)l(,)75 271 y(or)k(that)g(the)h(receiv)o(e)h(is)f(successfully)i(cancelled,)g (in)f(whic)o(h)f(case)g(no)g(part)f(of)g(the)h(receiv)o(e)h(bu\013er)e (is)75 327 y(altered.)j(Then,)c(an)o(y)e(matc)o(hing)i(send)g(has)f(to) f(b)q(e)i(satis\014ed)g(b)o(y)f(another)g(receiv)o(e.)75 431 y Fx(MPI)p 160 431 14 2 v 16 w(TEST)p 290 431 V 16 w(CANCELLED\(status,)i(\015ag\))117 508 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(status)476 b Fr(status)15 b(ob)r(ject)g(\(Status\))117 584 y(IN)155 b Fx(\015ag)518 b Fr(\(logical\))75 708 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 708 15 2 v 17 w(Test)p 358 708 V 17 w(cancelled\(MPI)p 687 708 V 15 w(Status)g(status,)g(int)h (*flag\))75 795 y(MPI)p 150 795 V 17 w(TEST)p 263 795 V 16 w(CANCELLED\(STATUS,)e(FLAG,)h(IERROR\))170 851 y(LOGICAL)g(FLAG)170 908 y(INTEGER)g(STATUS\(MPI)p 604 908 V 16 w(STATUS)p 764 908 V 17 w(SIZE\),)g(IERROR)166 994 y FE(Returns)11 b Fx(\015ag)f(=)h(true)g FE(if)g(the)f(comm)o (unication)h(asso)q(ciated)g(with)f(the)h(status)e(ob)s(ject)h(w)o(as)g (cancelled)75 1051 y(successfully)l(.)27 b(In)18 b(suc)o(h)f(a)g(case,) g(all)g(other)g(\014elds)h(of)e Fx(status)j FE(\(suc)o(h)e(as)g Fx(count)h FE(or)e Fx(tag)p FE(\))h(are)f(unde\014ned.)75 1107 y(Returns)h Fx(\015ag)g(=)f(false)p FE(,)h(otherwise.)24 b(If)17 b(a)g(receiv)o(e)g(op)q(eration)g(migh)o(t)f(b)q(e)h(cancelled) i(then)e(one)g(should)75 1164 y(call)39 b Fx(MPI)p 266 1164 14 2 v 16 w(TEST)p 396 1164 V 17 w(CANCELLED)19 b FE(\014rst,)g(to)f(c)o(hec)o(k)i(whether)f(the)g(op)q(eration)g(w)o (as)g(cancelled,)j(b)q(efore)75 1220 y(c)o(hec)o(king)16 b(on)f(the)g(other)g(\014elds)i(of)d(the)i(return)f(status.)166 1359 y Fo(Implemen)o(tati)o(on)h(note:)51 b Fr(If)18 b(a)f(send)h(op)q(eration)g(uses)h(an)e(\\eager")h(proto)q(col)f (\(data)h(is)f(transferred)75 1416 y(to)e(the)h(receiv)o(er)h(b)q (efore)f(a)g(matc)o(hing)d(receiv)o(e)k(is)e(p)q(osted\),)i(then)f(the) g(cancelation)f(of)g(this)g(send)i(ma)o(y)c(require)75 1472 y(comm)o(unication)j(with)j(the)h(in)o(tended)g(receiv)o(er,)h(in) 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Fv(3.10)59 b(P)n(ersistent)19 b(communication)f(objects)75 2139 y FE(Often)k(a)g(comm)o(unication)h (with)f(the)g(same)g(argumen)o(t)f(list)i(is)g(rep)q(eatedly)g (executed)g(within)g(the)75 2195 y(inner)c(lo)q(op)g(of)e(a)h(parallel) i(computation.)28 b(In)18 b(suc)o(h)h(a)f(situation,)g(it)h(ma)o(y)e(b) q(e)i(p)q(ossible)g(to)f(optimize)75 2252 y(the)h(comm)o(unication)g(b) o(y)g(binding)h(the)f(list)g(of)g(comm)o(unication)g(argumen)o(ts)f(to) g(a)g(comm)o(unication)75 2308 y(request)11 b(once)g(and,)g(then,)h (rep)q(eatedly)g(using)g(the)f(comm)o(unication)g(request)g(to)f (initiate)i(and)f(complete)75 2365 y(messages.)19 b(The)d(comm)o (unication)f(request)h(th)o(us)f(created)g(can)g(b)q(e)h(though)o(t)e (of)h(as)f(a)h(comm)o(unication)75 2421 y(p)q(ort)c(or)f(a)h(\\half-c)o (hannel")h(.)18 b(It)12 b(do)q(es)f(not)f(pro)o(vide)i(the)f(full)h (functionalit)o(y)h(of)d(a)h(con)o(v)o(en)o(tional)g(c)o(hannel,)75 2478 y(since)i(there)g(is)g(no)f(binding)i(of)e(the)g(send)h(p)q(ort)f 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y Fy(extent)p FE(\()p Fy(T)6 b(y)r(pemap)p FE(\))42 b(=)g Fy(ub)p FE(\()p Fy(T)6 b(y)r(pemap)p FE(\))j FC(\000)h Fy(l)q(b)p FE(\()p Fy(T)c(y)r(pemap)p FE(\))i(+)j Fy(\017:)238 b FE(\(3.1\))75 2647 y(If)17 b Fy(ty)r(pe)206 2654 y Fi(i)237 2647 y FE(requires)g(alignmen)o(t)g(to)f(a)h(b)o(yte)f (address)h(that)f(is)h(is)g(a)f(m)o(ultiple)j(of)d Fy(k)1474 2654 y Fi(i)1488 2647 y FE(,)g(then)h Fy(\017)g FE(is)g(the)g(least)75 2704 y(nonnegativ)o(e)f(incremen)o(t)g(needed)g(to)f(round)g Fy(extent)p FE(\()p Fy(T)6 b(y)r(pemap)p FE(\))16 b(to)e(the)h(next)h (m)o(ultiple)h(of)d(max)1794 2711 y Fi(i)1816 2704 y Fy(k)1840 2711 y Fi(i)1854 2704 y FE(.)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 46 54 46 53 bop 75 -100 a FE(46)608 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)35 b(POINT)16 b(TO)f(POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)166 45 y FE(Example:)i (Assume)10 b(that)g Fy(T)c(y)r(pe)13 b FE(=)g FC(f)p FE(\()p Fp(double)n Fy(;)8 b FE(0\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(8\))p FC(g)h FE(\(a)g Fp(double)h FE(at)g(displacemen)o(t)h(zero,)75 102 y(follo)o(w)o(ed)17 b(b)o(y)g(a)f Fp(char)g FE(at)g(displacemen)o(t)i(eigh)o(t\).)24 b(Assume,)17 b(furthermore,)f(that)g(doubles)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(to)g(b)q(e) 75 158 y(strictly)f(aligned)g(at)f(addresses)h(that)e(are)h(m)o (ultiple)i(of)e(eigh)o(t.)20 b(Then,)15 b(the)f(exten)o(t)g(of)g(this)h (datat)o(yp)q(e)e(is)75 214 y(16)d(\(9)g(rounded)h(to)f(the)h(next)g(m) o(ultiple)h(of)f(8\).)17 b(A)11 b(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(that)g(consists)h (of)f(a)g(c)o(haracter)g(immediately)75 271 y(follo)o(w)o(ed)16 b(b)o(y)f(a)g(double)h(will)h(also)e(ha)o(v)o(e)g(an)g(exten)o(t)g(of)g (16.)75 430 y Fq(3.13.1)49 b(Datat)o(yp)q(e)17 b(constructo)o(rs)75 529 y Fx(Contiguous)47 b FE(The)16 b(simplest)i(datat)o(yp)q(e)e (constructor)f(is)i Fx(MPI)p 1171 529 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 1304 529 V 17 w(CONTIGUOUS)h FE(whic)o(h)f(allo)o(ws)75 585 y(replication)g(of)e(a)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(in)o(to)h(con)o(tiguous)h (lo)q(cations.)75 696 y Fx(MPI)p 160 696 V 16 w(TYPE)p 293 696 V 17 w(CONTIGUOUS\(count,)h(oldt)o(yp)q(e,)f(newt)o(yp)q(e\)) 117 780 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(count)482 b Fr(replication)14 b(coun)o(t)g(\(nonnegativ)o(e)g(in)o(teger\))117 868 y(IN)155 b Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)450 b Fr(old)13 b(datat)o(yp)q(e)i (\(handle\))117 956 y(OUT)108 b Fx(newt)o(yp)q(e)433 b Fr(new)15 b(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(\(handle\))75 1087 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 1087 15 2 v 17 w(Type)p 358 1087 V 17 w(contiguous\(int)f (count,)h(MPI)p 972 1087 V 17 w(Datatype)f(oldtype,)393 1144 y(MPI)p 468 1144 V 17 w(Datatype)h(*newtype\))75 1237 y(MPI)p 150 1237 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 1237 V 16 w(CONTIGUOUS\(COUNT,) f(OLDTYPE,)h(NEWTYPE,)f(IERROR\))170 1293 y(INTEGER)h(COUNT,)g (OLDTYPE,)g(NEWTYPE,)g(IERROR)166 1386 y Fx(newt)o(yp)q(e)c FE(is)f(the)f(datat)o(yp)q(e)g(obtained)h(b)o(y)f(concatenating)h Fx(count)h FE(copies)f(of)f Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)p FE(.)27 b(Concate-)75 1443 y(nation)15 b(is)h(de\014ned)h(using)f Fs(extent)e FE(as)h(the)h(size)g(of)e(the)i(concatenated)f(copies.)166 1506 y(Example:)26 b(let)18 b Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)h FE(ha)o(v)o(e)e(t)o (yp)q(e)h(map)g FC(f)p FE(\()p Fp(double)n Fy(;)8 b FE(0\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(8\))p FC(g)p Fy(;)16 b FE(with)i(exten)o(t)g(16,)f(and)h(let)75 1562 y Fx(count)c FE(=)f(3.)19 b(The)d(t)o(yp)q(e)f(map)g(of)g(the)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)g (returned)g(b)o(y)h Fx(newt)o(yp)q(e)h FE(is)257 1684 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fp(double)o Fy(;)8 b FE(0\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(8\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(double)l Fy(;)g FE(16\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(24\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(double)l Fy(;)g FE(32\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(40\))p FC(g)p FE(;)75 1806 y(i.e.,)15 b(alternating)g Fp(double)g FE(and)g Fp(char)g FE(elemen)o(ts,)g(with)h (displacemen)o(ts)g(0)p Fy(;)8 b FE(8)p Fy(;)g FE(16)p Fy(;)g FE(24)o Fy(;)f FE(32)p Fy(;)g FE(40.)166 1869 y(In)16 b(general,)f(assume)g(that)g(the)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(map)g(of)g Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)h FE(is)595 1991 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)720 1998 y Fj(0)740 1991 y Fy(;)8 b(disp)845 1998 y Fj(0)863 1991 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1064 1998 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1130 1991 y Fy(;)g(disp)1235 1998 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1302 1991 y FE(\))p FC(g)p Fy(;)75 2113 y FE(with)16 b(exten)o(t)e Fy(extent)p FE(.)22 b(Then)15 b Fx(newt)o(yp)q(e)i FE(has)e(a)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(map)f(with)g Fp(count)9 b FC(\001)h Fp(n)15 b FE(en)o(tries)h(de\014ned)g(b)o(y:)75 2235 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)200 2242 y Fj(0)219 2235 y Fy(;)8 b(disp)324 2242 y Fj(0)343 2235 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)544 2242 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)609 2235 y Fy(;)g(disp)714 2242 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)782 2235 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)923 2242 y Fj(0)941 2235 y Fy(;)g(disp)1046 2242 y Fj(0)1068 2235 y FE(+)s Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1434 2242 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1502 2235 y Fy(;)g(disp)1607 2242 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1678 2235 y FE(+)s Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)128 2376 y(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)290 2383 y Fj(0)308 2376 y Fy(;)g(disp)413 2383 y Fj(0)441 2376 y FE(+)i Fy(extent)i FC(\001)e FE(\()p Fp(count)f FC(\000)h FE(1\)\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)g FE(\()o Fy(ty)r(pe)1081 2383 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1147 2376 y Fy(;)g(disp)1252 2383 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1330 2376 y FE(+)i Fy(extent)i FC(\001)d FE(\()p Fp(count)g FC(\000)i FE(1\)\))p FC(g)p Fy(:)75 2534 y Fx(V)o(ecto)o(r)45 b FE(The)16 b(function)g Fx(MPI)p 600 2534 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 733 2534 V 17 w(VECTOR)g FE(is)g(a)f(more)g(general)h (constructor)e(that)h(allo)o(ws)g(repli-)75 2591 y(cation)20 b(of)g(a)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(in)o(to)h(lo)q(cations)h(that)e(consist)i (of)e(equally)j(spaced)f(blo)q(c)o(ks.)35 b(Eac)o(h)20 b(blo)q(c)o(k)g(is)75 2647 y(obtained)g(b)o(y)f(concatenating)h(the)f (same)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(copies)h(of)f(the)g(old)h(datat)o(yp)q (e.)32 b(The)19 b(spacing)75 2704 y(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)d(blo)q(c)o(ks)f (is)h(a)f(m)o(ultiple)i(of)e(the)g(exten)o(t)g(of)g(the)g(old)h(datat)o (yp)q(e.)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 47 55 47 54 bop 75 -100 a Ft(3.13.)34 b(DERIVED)15 b(D)o(A)l(T)l(A)l(TYPES) 1119 b FE(47)75 45 y Fx(MPI)p 160 45 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 293 45 V 17 w(VECTOR\()16 b(count,)g(oldt)o(yp)q(e,)g(stride,)f(blo)q (cklength,)i(newt)o(yp)q(e\))117 122 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(count)482 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(\(nonnegativ)o(e)f(in)o (teger\))117 195 y(IN)155 b Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)450 b Fr(old)13 b(datat)o(yp)q(e)i(\(handle\))117 268 y(IN)155 b Fx(stride)484 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)f(elemen)o(ts)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(start)g (of)f(eac)o(h)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(\(in)o(te-)905 324 y(ger\))117 397 y(IN)155 b Fx(blo)q(cklength)371 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)16 b(of)h(elemen)o(ts)g(in)f(eac)o(h)i(blo)q(c)o(k)e(\(nonnegativ)o(e)h (in)o(te-)905 454 y(ger\))117 527 y(OUT)108 b Fx(newt)o(yp)q(e)433 b Fr(new)15 b(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(\(handle\))75 651 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 651 15 2 v 17 w(Type)p 358 651 V 17 w(vector\(int)f(count,) h(MPI)p 876 651 V 17 w(Datatype)g(oldtype,)g(int)g(stride,)393 707 y(int)h(blocklength,)e(MPI)p 874 707 V 17 w(Datatype)g(*newtype\)) 75 794 y(MPI)p 150 794 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 794 V 16 w(VECTOR\(COUNT,)g (OLDTYPE,)h(STRIDE,)g(BLOCKLENGTH,)f(NEWTYPE,)h(IERROR\))170 850 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(OLDTYPE,)g(STRIDE,)g(BLOCKLENGTH,)f(NEWTYPE,)h (IERROR)166 937 y FE(Example:)35 b(Assume,)24 b(again,)f(that)f Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)h FE(has)f(t)o(yp)q(e)h(map)f FC(f)p FE(\()p Fp(double)n Fy(;)8 b FE(0\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(8\))p FC(g)p Fy(;)21 b FE(with)75 993 y(exten)o(t)13 b(16.)18 b(A)13 b(call)h(to)e Fx(MPI)p 555 993 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 688 993 V 17 w(VECTOR\()h(2,)g(oldt)o(yp)q (e,)h(4,)f(3,)f(newt)o(yp)q(e\))i FE(will)h(create)e(the)f(datat)o(yp)q (e)75 1050 y(with)k(t)o(yp)q(e)f(map)269 1138 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fp(double)n Fy(;)8 b FE(0\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(8\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(double)m Fy(;)g FE(16\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)l Fy(;)g FE(24\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(double)m Fy(;)g FE(32\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)l Fy(;)g FE(40\))p Fy(;)228 1226 y FE(\()p Fp(double)o Fy(;)g FE(64\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(72\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(dou)o(ble)m Fy(;)g FE(80\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(88\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(doub)o(le)m Fy(;)g FE(96\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(104\))p FC(g)i FE(:)75 1303 y(t)o(w)o(o)k(blo)q(c)o(ks)i(with)f(three)h(copies) g(eac)o(h)f(of)g(the)g(old)h(t)o(yp)q(e,)f(starting)f(4*16)g(apart.)166 1359 y(A)h(call)h(to)f Fx(MPI)p 439 1359 V 16 w(TYPE)p 572 1359 V 17 w(VECTOR\(3,)g(oldt)o(yp)q(e,)h(-2,)f(1,)f(newt)o(yp)q (e\))j FE(will)g(create)e(the)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)186 1448 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fp(double)o Fy(;)8 b FE(0\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(8\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(double)m Fy(;)g FC(\000)p FE(32\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FC(\000)p FE(24\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(double)l Fy(;)g FC(\000)p FE(64\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FC(\000)p FE(56\))p FC(g)p Fy(:)166 1536 y FE(In)16 b(general,)f(assume)g(that)g Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)h FE(has)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(map)595 1624 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)720 1631 y Fj(0)740 1624 y Fy(;)8 b(disp)845 1631 y Fj(0)863 1624 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1064 1631 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1130 1624 y Fy(;)g(disp)1235 1631 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1302 1624 y FE(\))p FC(g)p Fy(;)75 1713 y FE(with)k(exten)o(t)e Fy(extent)p FE(.)20 b(The)12 b(newly)g(created)f(datat)o(yp)q(e)g(has)g (a)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(map)g(with)g Fp(count)r FC(\001)r Fp(blocklength)p FC(\001)r Fy(n)75 1769 y FE(en)o(tries:)606 1825 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)731 1832 y Fj(0)751 1825 y Fy(;)d(disp)856 1832 y Fj(0)874 1825 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1075 1832 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1141 1825 y Fy(;)g(disp)1246 1832 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1313 1825 y FE(\))p Fy(;)405 1902 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)507 1909 y Fj(0)527 1902 y Fy(;)g(disp)632 1909 y Fj(0)660 1902 y FE(+)j Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)d(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1034 1909 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1101 1902 y Fy(;)g(disp)1206 1909 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1283 1902 y FE(+)i Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)75 1978 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)177 1985 y Fj(0)197 1978 y Fy(;)g(disp)302 1985 y Fj(0)322 1978 y FE(+)r(\()p Fp(blocklength)p FC(\000)r FE(1\))r FC(\001)r Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1064 1985 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1130 1978 y Fy(;)g(disp)1235 1985 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1304 1978 y FE(+)r(\()p Fp(blocklength)p FC(\000)r FE(1\))r FC(\001)r Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)229 2055 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)331 2062 y Fj(0)351 2055 y Fy(;)g(disp)456 2062 y Fj(0)484 2055 y FE(+)j Fp(stride)e FC(\001)h Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1034 2062 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1101 2055 y Fy(;)g(disp)1206 2062 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1283 2055 y FE(+)i 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Fy(;)g(disp)506 2445 y Fj(0)535 2438 y FE(+)i(\()p Fp(stride)f FC(\001)h FE(\()p Fp(count)f FC(\000)h FE(1\))g(+)g Fp(blocklength)f FC(\000)h FE(1\))g FC(\001)g Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)255 2514 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)357 2521 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)425 2514 y Fy(;)g(disp)530 2521 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)608 2514 y FE(+)i(\()p Fp(stride)f FC(\001)h FE(\()p Fp(count)f FC(\000)h FE(1\))g(+)g Fp(blocklength)f FC(\000)h FE(1\))g FC(\001)g Fy(extent)p FE(\))p FC(g)166 2591 y FE(A)16 b(call)i(to)e Fx(MPI)p 443 2591 V 16 w(TYPE)p 576 2591 V 16 w(CONTIGUOUS\(count,)k(oldt)o(yp)q(e,)d(newt)o(yp)q(e\))h FE(is)f(equiv)m(alen)o(t)h(to)e(a)g(call)i(to)75 2647 y Fx(MPI)p 160 2647 V 16 w(TYPE)p 293 2647 V 17 w(VECTOR\(count,)g (oldt)o(yp)q(e,)g(1,)e(1,)g(newt)o(yp)q(e\))p FE(,)i(or)e(to)g(a)h (call)g(to)f Fx(MPI)p 1495 2647 V 16 w(TYPE)p 1628 2647 V 17 w(VECTOR\(1,)75 2704 y(oldt)o(yp)q(e,)g(n,)f(count,)h(newt)o(yp)q (e\))p FE(,)h Fp(n)e FE(arbitrary)l(.)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 48 56 48 55 bop 75 -100 a FE(48)608 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)35 b(POINT)16 b(TO)f(POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)75 45 y Fx(Hvecto)o(r)45 b FE(The)19 b(function)h Fx(MPI)p 631 45 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 764 45 V 17 w(HVECTOR)g FE(is)f(iden)o(tical)i(to)d Fx(MPI)p 1389 45 V 16 w(TYPE)p 1522 45 V 17 w(VECTOR)p FE(,)h(except)75 102 y(that)h Fx(stride)h FE(is)g(giv)o(en)g(in)g(b)o(ytes,)g(rather)f (then)g(in)i(elemen)o(ts.)36 b(The)20 b(use)h(for)f(b)q(oth)g(t)o(yp)q (es)h(of)f(v)o(ector)75 158 y(constructors)14 b(is)i(illustrated)h(in)f (section)f(3.13.6.)j(\()p Fp(H)d FE(is)h(used)g(for)e (\\heterogeneous"\).)75 265 y Fx(MPI)p 160 265 V 16 w(TYPE)p 293 265 V 17 w(HVECTOR\()i(count,)g(oldt)o(yp)q(e,)g(stride,)g(blo)q (cklength,)g(newt)o(yp)q(e\))117 346 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(count)482 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(\(nonnegativ)o(e)f(in)o (teger\))117 428 y(IN)155 b Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)450 b Fr(old)13 b(datat)o(yp)q(e)i(\(handle\))117 510 y(IN)155 b Fx(stride)484 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)g(b)o(ytes)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(start)f (of)f(eac)o(h)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(\(in)o(teger\))117 592 y(IN)155 b Fx(blo)q(cklength)371 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)16 b(of)h(elemen)o(ts)g(in)f(eac)o(h)i(blo)q(c)o(k)e(\(nonnegativ)o(e)h (in)o(te-)905 648 y(ger\))117 730 y(OUT)108 b Fx(newt)o(yp)q(e)433 b Fr(new)15 b(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(\(handle\))75 858 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 858 15 2 v 17 w(Type)p 358 858 V 17 w(hvector\(int)f (count,)h(MPI)p 900 858 V 17 w(Datatype)g(oldtype,)g(int)g(stride,)393 915 y(int)h(blocklength,)e(MPI)p 874 915 V 17 w(Datatype)g(*newtype\)) 75 1005 y(MPI)p 150 1005 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 1005 V 16 w(HVECTOR\(COUNT,)g(OLDTYPE,)h(STRIDE,)g(BLOCKLENGTH,)f(NEWTYPE,)h (IERROR\))170 1061 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(OLDTYPE,)g(STRIDE,)g (BLOCKLENGTH,)f(NEWTYPE,)h(IERROR)166 1151 y FE(Assume)15 b(that)g Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)h FE(has)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(map)595 1263 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)720 1270 y Fj(0)740 1263 y Fy(;)8 b(disp)845 1270 y Fj(0)863 1263 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1064 1270 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1130 1263 y Fy(;)g(disp)1235 1270 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1302 1263 y FE(\))p FC(g)p Fy(;)75 1376 y FE(with)k(exten)o(t)e Fy(extent)p FE(.)20 b(The)12 b(newly)g(created)f(datat)o(yp)q(e)g(has)g (a)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(map)g(with)g Fp(count)r FC(\001)r Fp(blocklength)p FC(\001)r Fy(n)75 1432 y FE(en)o(tries:)606 1499 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)731 1506 y Fj(0)751 1499 y Fy(;)d(disp)856 1506 y Fj(0)874 1499 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1075 1506 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1141 1499 y Fy(;)g(disp)1246 1506 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1313 1499 y FE(\))p Fy(;)405 1605 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)507 1612 y Fj(0)527 1605 y Fy(;)g(disp)632 1612 y Fj(0)660 1605 y FE(+)j Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)d(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1034 1612 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1101 1605 y Fy(;)g(disp)1206 1612 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1283 1605 y FE(+)i Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)75 1711 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)177 1718 y Fj(0)197 1711 y Fy(;)g(disp)302 1718 y Fj(0)322 1711 y FE(+)r(\()p Fp(blocklength)p FC(\000)r FE(1\))r FC(\001)r Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1064 1718 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1130 1711 y Fy(;)g(disp)1235 1718 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1304 1711 y FE(+)r(\()p Fp(blocklength)p FC(\000)r FE(1\))r FC(\001)r Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)390 1816 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)492 1823 y Fj(0)512 1816 y Fy(;)g(disp)617 1823 y Fj(0)645 1816 y FE(+)j Fp(stride)o FE(\))p Fy(;)d(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1035 1823 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1101 1816 y Fy(;)g(disp)1206 1823 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1283 1816 y FE(+)i Fp(stride)p FE(\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)412 1922 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)514 1929 y Fj(0)534 1922 y Fy(;)g(disp)639 1929 y Fj(0)668 1922 y FE(+)i Fp(stride)f FE(+)i(\()p Fp(blocklength)d FC(\000)j FE(1\))e FC(\001)h Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)357 2028 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)459 2035 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)528 2028 y Fy(;)g(disp)633 2035 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)710 2028 y FE(+)j Fp(stride)e FE(+)h(\()p Fp(blocklength)f FC(\000)h FE(1\))g FC(\001)f Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)f(::::;)576 2134 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)678 2141 y Fj(0)698 2134 y Fy(;)g(disp)803 2141 y Fj(0)831 2134 y FE(+)j Fp(stride)e FC(\001)h FE(\()p Fp(count)f FC(\000)h FE(1\)\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)527 2239 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)629 2246 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)698 2239 y Fy(;)g(disp)803 2246 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)880 2239 y FE(+)j Fp(stride)e FC(\001)h FE(\()p Fp(count)f FC(\000)h FE(1\)\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)279 2345 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)381 2352 y Fj(0)401 2345 y Fy(;)g(disp)506 2352 y Fj(0)535 2345 y FE(+)i Fp(stride)g FC(\001)f FE(\()p Fp(count)g FC(\000)i FE(1\))e(+)i(\()p Fp(blocklength)d FC(\000)i FE(1\))g FC(\001)g Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)255 2451 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)357 2458 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)425 2451 y Fy(;)g(disp)530 2458 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)608 2451 y FE(+)i Fp(stride)f FC(\001)h FE(\()p Fp(count)f FC(\000)i FE(1\))e(+)i(\()p Fp(blocklength)d FC(\000)i FE(1\))g FC(\001)g Fy(extent)p FE(\))p FC(g)75 2591 y Fx(Indexed)47 b FE(The)19 b(function)h Fx(MPI)p 629 2591 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 762 2591 V 17 w(INDEXED)f FE(allo)o(ws)h(replication)h(of)d(an)i(old)f(datat)o(yp)q(e)g(in)o(to)g (a)75 2647 y(sequence)c(of)e(con)o(tiguous)h(blo)q(c)o(ks,)g(where)g (eac)o(h)g(blo)q(c)o(k)h(can)f(con)o(tain)g(di\013eren)o(t)g(n)o(um)o (b)q(er)g(of)f(copies)i(and)75 2704 y(ha)o(v)o(e)f(a)g(di\013eren)o(t)g (displacemen)o(t.)21 b(All)16 b(blo)q(c)o(k)f(displacemen)o(ts)g(are)f (m)o(ultiples)i(of)e(the)h(old)f(t)o(yp)q(e)h(exten)o(t.)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 49 57 49 56 bop 75 -100 a Ft(3.13.)34 b(DERIVED)15 b(D)o(A)l(T)l(A)l(TYPES) 1119 b FE(49)75 45 y Fx(MPI)p 160 45 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 293 45 V 17 w(INDEXED\()12 b(count,)i(oldt)o(yp)q(e,)g(a)o(rra)o(y)p 926 45 V 14 w(of)p 977 45 V 16 w(displacements,)h(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1376 45 V 14 w(of)p 1427 45 V 16 w(blo)q(cklengths,)h(newt)o(yp)q(e\)) 117 179 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(count)482 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)34 b(of)f(blo)q(c)o(ks)h({)g(also)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(en)o(tries)i (in)905 235 y Fm(a)o(rra)o(y)p 992 235 13 2 v 15 w(of)p 1041 235 V 15 w(displacements)19 b Fr(and)f Fm(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1483 235 V 15 w(of)p 1532 235 V 14 w(blo)q(cklengths)i Fr(\(in)o(te-)905 292 y(ger\))117 364 y(IN)155 b Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)450 b Fr(old)13 b(datat)o(yp)q(e)i(\(handle\))117 435 y(IN)155 b Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 416 435 14 2 v 15 w(of)p 468 435 V 16 w(displacements)164 b Fr(displacemen)o(t)19 b(for)h(eac)o(h)g(blo)q (c)o(k,)g(in)g(m)o(ultiples)e(of)h Fm(oldt)o(yp)q(e)905 492 y Fr(exten)o(t)c(\(arra)o(y)f(of)f(in)o(teger\))117 564 y(IN)155 b Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 416 564 V 15 w(of)p 468 564 V 16 w(blo)q(cklengths)191 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)18 b(of)f(elemen)o(ts)h(p)q(er)i(blo)q(c)o(k)d(\(arra)o(y)i(of)e (nonnegativ)o(e)905 620 y(in)o(tegers\))117 692 y(OUT)108 b Fx(newt)o(yp)q(e)433 b Fr(new)15 b(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(\(handle\))75 816 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 816 15 2 v 17 w(Type)p 358 816 V 17 w(indexed\(int)f(count,)h(MPI)p 900 816 V 17 w(Datatype)g(oldtype,)393 873 y(int)h(*array)p 636 873 V 16 w(of)p 700 873 V 17 w(displacements,)e(int)h(*array)p 1314 873 V 17 w(of)p 1379 873 V 17 w(blocklengths,)393 929 y(MPI)p 468 929 V 17 w(Datatype)g(*newtype\))75 1016 y(MPI)p 150 1016 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 1016 V 16 w(INDEXED\(COUNT,)f (OLDTYPE,)h(ARRAY)p 972 1016 V 17 w(OF)p 1037 1016 V 17 w(DISPLACEMENTS,)393 1072 y(ARRAY)p 516 1072 V 17 w(OF)p 581 1072 V 17 w(BLOCKLENGTHS,)f(NEWTYPE,)g(IERROR\))170 1129 y(INTEGER)h(COUNT,)g(OLDTYPE,)g(ARRAY)p 866 1129 V 17 w(OF)p 931 1129 V 17 w(DISPLACEMENTS\(*\),)170 1185 y(ARRAY)p 293 1185 V 17 w(OF)p 358 1185 V 17 w(BLOCKLENGTHS\(*\),)f (NEWTYPE,)g(IERROR)166 1272 y FE(Example:)29 b(let)20 b Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)h FE(ha)o(v)o(e)e(t)o(yp)q(e)g(map)h FC(f)p FE(\()p Fp(double)n Fy(;)8 b FE(0\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(8\))p FC(g)p Fy(;)18 b FE(with)i(exten)o(t)f(16.)32 b(Let)20 b Fp(D)75 1328 y(=)k(\(4,)f(0\))17 b FE(and)g(let)h Fp(B)24 b(=)g(\(3,)f(1\))p FE(.)j(A)17 b(call)h(to)f Fx(MPI)p 998 1328 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 1131 1328 V 17 w(INDEXED\(2,)f (oldt)o(yp)q(e,)j(D,)d(B,)i(newt)o(yp)q(e\))75 1384 y FE(returns)d(a)g(data)o(yp)q(e)g(with)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(map)241 1467 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fp(double)n Fy(;)8 b FE(64\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(72\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(double)l Fy(;)g FE(80\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(88\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(double)l Fy(;)g FE(96\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(104\))743 1549 y(\()p Fp(double)o Fy(;)g FE(0\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(8\))p FC(g)j FE(:)75 1622 y(three)k(copies)h(of)e(the)i(old)f (t)o(yp)q(e)g(starting)f(at)h(displacemen)o(t)h(64,)e(and)h(one)h(cop)o (y)e(starting)h(at)f(displace-)75 1679 y(men)o(t)h(0.)166 1735 y(In)h(general,)f(assume)g(that)g Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)h FE(has)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(map)595 1818 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)720 1825 y Fj(0)740 1818 y Fy(;)8 b(disp)845 1825 y Fj(0)863 1818 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1064 1825 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1130 1818 y Fy(;)g(disp)1235 1825 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1302 1818 y FE(\))p FC(g)p Fy(;)75 1900 y FE(with)35 b(exten)o(t)g Fs(extent)p FE(.)79 b(Let)36 b Fx(B)f FE(b)q(e)h(the)f Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1013 1900 V 15 w(of)p 1065 1900 V 16 w(blo)q(cklength)i FE(argumen)o(t)d (and)h Fx(D)g FE(b)q(e)h(the)75 1956 y Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 173 1956 V 15 w(of)p 225 1956 V 16 w(displacements)17 b FE(argumen)o(t.)i(The)c(newly)h(created)f(datat)o(yp)q(e)g(has)g Fy(n)c FC(\001)1450 1924 y Fh(P)1494 1937 y Fg(count)n Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1494 1969 y Fi(i)p Fj(=0)1647 1956 y Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(i)p FE(])j(en)o(tries:)280 2039 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)405 2046 y Fj(0)424 2039 y Fy(;)8 b(disp)529 2046 y Fj(0)558 2039 y FE(+)i Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])f FC(\001)h Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1045 2046 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1112 2039 y Fy(;)g(disp)1217 2046 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1294 2039 y FE(+)j Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])e FC(\001)g Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)f(:::;)75 2121 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)177 2128 y Fj(0)197 2121 y Fy(;)g(disp)302 2128 y Fj(0)326 2121 y FE(+)e(\()p Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])g(+)g Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])g FC(\000)g FE(1\))g FC(\001)g Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)i(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1034 2128 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1101 2121 y Fy(;)g(disp)1206 2128 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1279 2121 y FE(+)e(\()p Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])f(+)h Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])g FC(\000)g FE(1\))g FC(\001)g Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)i(:::;)129 2194 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)231 2201 y Fj(0)251 2194 y Fy(;)g(disp)356 2201 y Fj(0)385 2194 y FE(+)i Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(count)h FC(\000)f Fx(1)p FE(])g FC(\001)g Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1034 2201 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1101 2194 y Fy(;)g(disp)1206 2201 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1283 2194 y FE(+)i Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(count)h FC(\000)g Fx(1)p FE(])e FC(\001)h Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)374 2268 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)476 2275 y Fj(0)496 2268 y Fy(;)g(disp)601 2275 y Fj(0)629 2268 y FE(+)j(\()p Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(count)f FC(\000)h Fx(1)p FE(])e(+)h Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(count)i FC(\000)e Fx(1)p FE(])g FC(\000)g FE(1\))g FC(\001)f Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)f(:::;)343 2341 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)445 2348 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)513 2341 y Fy(;)g(disp)618 2348 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)696 2341 y FE(+)i(\()p Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(count)h FC(\000)f Fx(1)p FE(])g(+)g Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(count)h FC(\000)g Fx(1)p FE(])e FC(\000)i FE(1\))e FC(\001)h Fy(extent)p FE(\))p FC(g)p Fy(:)166 2415 y FE(A)j(call)g(to)f Fx(MPI)p 431 2415 V 16 w(TYPE)p 564 2415 V 17 w(VECTOR\(count,)j(oldt)o(yp)q(e,) f(stride,)f(blo)q(cklength,)i(newt)o(yp)q(e\))f FE(is)f(equiv)m(alen)o (t)75 2471 y(to)i(a)f(call)j(to)d Fx(MPI)p 392 2471 V 16 w(TYPE)p 525 2471 V 17 w(INDEX\(count,)i(oldt)o(yp)q(e,)g(D,)e(B,)h (newt)o(yp)q(e\))i FE(where)616 2554 y Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(j)p FE(])12 b(=)h Fy(j)g FC(\001)c Fx(stride)16 b Fy(;)8 b(j)14 b FE(=)f(0)p Fy(;)8 b(:::;)g Fp(count)f FC(\000)j FE(1)p Fy(;)75 2636 y FE(and)588 2692 y Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(j)p FE(])i(=)h Fx(blo)q(cklength)k Fy(;)8 b(j)14 b FE(=)f(0)p Fy(;)8 b(:::;)g Fp(count)f FC(\000)j FE(1)p Fy(:)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 50 58 50 57 bop 75 -100 a FE(50)608 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)35 b(POINT)16 b(TO)f(POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)75 45 y Fx(Hindexed)47 b FE(The)11 b(function)h Fx(MPI)p 643 45 14 2 v 15 w(TYPE)p 775 45 V 17 w(HINDEXED)f FE(is)g(iden)o(tical)i(to)d Fx(MPI)p 1383 45 V 15 w(TYPE)p 1515 45 V 17 w(INDEXED)p FE(,)g(except)75 102 y(that)19 b(blo)q(c)o(k)i(displacemen)o(ts)h(in)41 b Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 774 102 V 14 w(of)p 825 102 V 16 w(displacements)22 b FE(are)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(in)f(b)o(ytes,)g(rather)e(than)h(in)75 158 y(m)o(ultiples)d(of)e(the)g Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)h FE(exten)o(t.)75 268 y Fx(MPI)p 160 268 V 16 w(TYPE)p 293 268 V 17 w(HINDEXED\()21 b(count,)k(oldt)o(yp)q(e,)f(a)o(rra)o(y)p 988 268 V 15 w(of)p 1040 268 V 16 w(displacements,)h(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1449 268 V 15 w(of)p 1501 268 V 16 w(blo)q(cklengths,)g(new-)75 324 y(t)o(yp)q(e\))117 407 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(count)482 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)34 b(of)f(blo)q(c)o(ks)h({)g(also)f(n)o(um)o(b)q 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1110 V 17 w(displacements,)e(int)h(*array)p 1314 1110 V 17 w(of)p 1379 1110 V 17 w(blocklengths,)393 1167 y(MPI)p 468 1167 V 17 w(Datatype)g(*newtype\))75 1259 y(MPI)p 150 1259 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 1259 V 16 w(HINDEXED\(COUNT,)f (OLDTYPE,)h(ARRAY)p 996 1259 V 16 w(OF)p 1060 1259 V 17 w(DISPLACEMENTS,)393 1316 y(ARRAY)p 516 1316 V 17 w(OF)p 581 1316 V 17 w(BLOCKLENGTHS,)f(NEWTYPE,)g(IERROR\))170 1372 y(INTEGER)h(COUNT,)g(OLDTYPE,)g(ARRAY)p 866 1372 V 17 w(OF)p 931 1372 V 17 w(DISPLACEMENTS\(*\),)170 1428 y(ARRAY)p 293 1428 V 17 w(OF)p 358 1428 V 17 w(BLOCKLENGTHS\(*\),)f (NEWTYPE,)g(IERROR)166 1521 y FE(Assume)15 b(that)g Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)h FE(has)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(map)595 1640 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)720 1647 y Fj(0)740 1640 y Fy(;)8 b(disp)845 1647 y Fj(0)863 1640 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1064 1647 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1130 1640 y Fy(;)g(disp)1235 1647 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1302 1640 y FE(\))p FC(g)p Fy(;)75 1760 y FE(with)35 b(exten)o(t)g Fs(extent)p FE(.)79 b(Let)36 b Fx(B)f FE(b)q(e)h(the)f Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1013 1760 14 2 v 15 w(of)p 1065 1760 V 16 w(blo)q(cklength)i FE(argumen)o(t)d(and)h Fx(D)g FE(b)q(e)h(the)75 1816 y Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 173 1816 V 15 w(of)p 225 1816 V 16 w(displacements)23 b FE(argumen)o(t.)39 b(The)22 b(newly)h(created)f (datat)o(yp)q(e)f(has)h(a)f(t)o(yp)q(e)h(map)f(with)i Fy(n)14 b FC(\001)75 1841 y Fh(P)119 1854 y Fg(count)n Fk(\000)p Fj(1)119 1886 y Fi(i)p Fj(=0)272 1873 y Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(i)p FE(])g(en)o(tries:)441 1993 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)566 2000 y Fj(0)586 1993 y Fy(;)8 b(disp)691 2000 y Fj(0)719 1993 y FE(+)j Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])n(\))p Fy(;)d(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1046 2000 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1112 1993 y Fy(;)g(disp)1217 2000 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1294 1993 y FE(+)j Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])o(\))p Fy(;)d(:::;)75 2130 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)177 2137 y Fj(0)197 2130 y Fy(;)g(disp)302 2137 y Fj(0)326 2130 y FE(+)e Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])g(+)g(\()p Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])g FC(\000)g FE(1\))g FC(\001)g Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)i(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1034 2137 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1101 2130 y Fy(;)g(disp)1206 2137 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1279 2130 y FE(+)e Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])g(+)g(\()p Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])f FC(\000)h FE(1\))g FC(\001)g Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)i(:::;)291 2251 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)393 2258 y Fj(0)412 2251 y Fy(;)g(disp)517 2258 y Fj(0)546 2251 y FE(+)i Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(count)h FC(\000)g Fx(1)p FE(])o(\))p Fy(;)d(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1035 2258 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1101 2251 y Fy(;)g(disp)1206 2258 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1283 2251 y FE(+)i Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(count)h FC(\000)g Fx(1)p FE(])o(\))p Fy(;)d(:::;)374 2372 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)476 2379 y Fj(0)496 2372 y Fy(;)g(disp)601 2379 y Fj(0)629 2372 y FE(+)j Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(count)f FC(\000)h Fx(1)p FE(])e(+)i(\()p Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(count)g FC(\000)f Fx(1)p FE(])g FC(\000)g FE(1\))g FC(\001)f Fy(extent)p FE(\))p Fy(;)f(:::;)343 2494 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)445 2501 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)513 2494 y Fy(;)g(disp)618 2501 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)696 2494 y FE(+)i Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(count)h FC(\000)f Fx(1)p FE(])g(+)g(\()p Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(count)h FC(\000)g Fx(1)p FE(])e FC(\000)i FE(1\))e FC(\001)h Fy(extent)p FE(\))p FC(g)p Fy(:)75 2647 y Fx(Struct)49 b Fp(MPI)p 315 2647 15 2 v 17 w(TYPE)p 428 2647 V 16 w(STRUCT)15 b FE(is)h(the)f(most)g (general)h(constructor:)j(It)c(further)h(generalizes)h(the)e(previ-)75 2704 y(ous)g(one)g(in)h(that)f(it)g(allo)o(ws)h(eac)o(h)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h (to)e(consist)i(of)f(replications)i(of)d(a)h(di\013eren)o(t)h(datat)o (yp)q(e.)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 51 59 51 58 bop 75 -100 a Ft(3.13.)34 b(DERIVED)15 b(D)o(A)l(T)l(A)l(TYPES) 1119 b FE(51)75 45 y Fx(MPI)p 160 45 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 293 45 V 17 w(STRUCT\(count,)12 b(a)o(rra)o(y)p 729 45 V 15 w(of)p 781 45 V 16 w(t)o(yp)q(es,)g(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1014 45 V 14 w(of)p 1065 45 V 16 w(displacements,)h(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1462 45 V 15 w(of)p 1514 45 V 16 w(blo)q(cklengths,)g(new-)75 102 y(t)o(yp)q(e\))117 179 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(count)482 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)18 b(of)h(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(\(in)o(teger\))g({)g (also)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(en)o(tries)905 235 y(in)c(arra)o(ys)h Fm(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1167 235 13 2 v 15 w(of)p 1216 235 V 14 w(t)o(yp)q(es)p Fr(,)h Fm(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1432 235 V 15 w(of)p 1481 235 V 14 w(displacements)g Fr(and)e Fm(a)o(r-)905 292 y(ra)o(y)p 959 292 V 15 w(of)p 1008 292 V 15 w(blo)q(cklengths)117 366 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 416 366 14 2 v 15 w(of)p 468 366 V 16 w(t)o(yp)q(es)327 b Fr(t)o(yp)q(e)20 b(of)f(elemen)o(ts)g(in)g(eac)o(h)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(\(arra)o(y)g(of)g (handles)g(to)905 423 y(datat)o(yp)q(e)14 b(ob)r(jects\))117 497 y(IN)155 b Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 416 497 V 15 w(of)p 468 497 V 16 w(displacements)164 b Fr(b)o(yte)14 b(displacemen)o(t)g(of)f (eac)o(h)h(blo)q(c)o(k)g(\(arra)o(y)g(of)f(in)o(teger\))117 572 y(IN)155 b Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 416 572 V 15 w(of)p 468 572 V 16 w(blo)q(cklength)208 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(elemen)o(ts)f(in)h(eac)o(h)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(\(arra)o(y)g(of)f(in) o(teger\))117 647 y(OUT)108 b Fx(newt)o(yp)q(e)433 b Fr(new)15 b(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(\(handle\))75 771 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 771 15 2 v 17 w(Type)p 358 771 V 17 w(struct\(int)f(count,) h(MPI)p 876 771 V 17 w(Datatype)g(*array)p 1252 771 V 16 w(of)p 1316 771 V 17 w(types,)393 828 y(int)h(*array)p 636 828 V 16 w(of)p 700 828 V 17 w(displacements,)e(int)h(*array)p 1314 828 V 17 w(of)p 1379 828 V 17 w(blocklengths,)393 884 y(MPI)p 468 884 V 17 w(Datatype)g(*newtype\))75 970 y(MPI)p 150 970 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 970 V 16 w(STRUCT\(COUNT,)f(ARRAY)p 733 970 V 17 w(OF)p 798 970 V 17 w(TYPES,)h(ARRAY)p 1102 970 V 16 w(OF)p 1166 970 V 17 w(DISPLACEMENTS,)393 1027 y(ARRAY)p 516 1027 V 17 w(OF)p 581 1027 V 17 w(BLOCKLENGTHS,)f (NEWTYPE,)g(IERROR\))170 1083 y(INTEGER)h(COUNT,)g(ARRAY)p 651 1083 V 17 w(OF)p 716 1083 V 17 w(TYPES,)g(ARRAY)p 1020 1083 V 16 w(OF)p 1084 1083 V 17 w(DISPLACEMENTS\(*\),)170 1140 y(ARRAY)p 293 1140 V 17 w(OF)p 358 1140 V 17 w(BLOCKLENGTHS\(*\),) f(NEWTYPE,)g(IERROR)166 1226 y FE(Example:)e(Let)c Fx(t)o(yp)q(e)g FE(ha)o(v)o(e)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(map)738 1325 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fp(double)o Fy(;)8 b FE(0\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(8\))p FC(g)p Fy(;)75 1425 y FE(with)24 b(exten)o(t)g(16.)45 b(Let)24 b Fp(D)g(=)g(\(0,)f(16,)g(26\))p FE(,)j Fp(B)d(=)h(\(2,)g(1,)f (3\))h FE(and)g Fp(T)f(=)h(\(MPI)p 1551 1425 V 17 w(FLOAT,)f(type1,)75 1481 y(MPI)p 150 1481 V 17 w(CHAR\))p FE(.)13 b(Then)i(a)f(call)h(to)f Fx(MPI)p 687 1481 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 820 1481 V 17 w(STRUCT\(3,)g(T,)g (D,)g(B,)g(newt)o(yp)q(e\))i FE(returns)e(datat)o(yp)q(e)g(with)75 1537 y(t)o(yp)q(e)h(map,)166 1637 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fp(float)o Fy(;)8 b FE(0\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(float)m Fy(;)g FE(4\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(double)m Fy(;)g FE(16\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(cha)o(r)m Fy(;)g FE(24\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(26\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(char)m Fy(;)g FE(27\))p Fy(;)g FE(\()p Fp(cha)o(r)m Fy(;)g FE(28\))p FC(g)j FE(:)75 1736 y(t)o(w)o(o)f(copies)j(of)e Fx(MPI)p 421 1736 V 15 w(FLO)o(A)l(T)h FE(starting)f(at)g(0,)g(follo)o(w)o(ed)h(b)o(y)f (one)h(cop)o(y)f(of)g Fx(t)o(yp)q(e1)i FE(starting)e(at)f(16,)i(follo)o (w)o(ed)75 1792 y(b)o(y)i(three)g(copies)h(of)e Fx(MPI)p 520 1792 V 16 w(CHAR)p FE(,)i(starting)e(at)g(26.)19 b(\(W)l(e)14 b(assume)g(that)f(a)g(\015oat)h(o)q(ccupies)h(four)f(b)o (ytes.\))166 1849 y(In)i(general,)f(let)h Fx(T)f FE(b)q(e)h(the)f Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 742 1849 V 14 w(of)p 793 1849 V 16 w(t)o(yp)q(es)i FE(argumen)o(t,)d(where)31 b Fx(T[i])15 b FE(is)h(a)f(handle)h(to)547 1948 y Fy(ty)r(pe)631 1955 y Fi(i)659 1948 y FE(=)d FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)832 1929 y Fi(i)832 1959 y Fj(0)851 1948 y Fy(;)8 b(disp)956 1929 y Fi(i)956 1959 y Fj(0)974 1948 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1175 1929 y Fi(i)1175 1959 y(n)1196 1964 y Ff(i)1209 1948 y Fy(;)g(disp)1314 1929 y Fi(i)1314 1959 y(n)1335 1964 y Ff(i)1349 1948 y FE(\))p FC(g)p Fy(;)75 2047 y FE(with)k(exten)o(t)e Fy(extent)436 2054 y Fi(i)452 2047 y FE(.)18 b(Let)12 b Fx(B)f FE(b)q(e)h(the)f Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 832 2047 V 15 w(of)p 884 2047 V 16 w(blo)q(cklength)i FE(argumen)o(t)d(and)i Fx(D)f FE(b)q(e)h(the)f Fx(a)o(rra)o(y)p 1684 2047 V 15 w(of)p 1736 2047 V 15 w(indices)75 2103 y FE(argumen)o(t.)19 b(Then)c(the)g(newly)h(created)e(datat)o(yp)q(e)h(has)f(a)h(t)o(yp)q(e) g(map)f(with)1394 2071 y Fh(P)1438 2084 y Fg(count)n Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1438 2116 y Fi(i)p Fj(=0)1591 2103 y Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(i)p FE(])9 b FC(\001)f Fy(n)1715 2110 y Fi(i)1745 2103 y FE(en)o(tries)469 2202 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)594 2184 y Fj(0)594 2214 y(0)613 2202 y Fy(;)g(disp)718 2184 y Fj(0)718 2214 y(0)747 2202 y FE(+)i Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])o(\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1074 2184 y Fj(0)1074 2214 y Fi(n)1095 2219 y FB(0)1112 2202 y Fy(;)g(disp)1217 2184 y Fj(0)1217 2214 y Fi(n)1238 2219 y FB(0)1266 2202 y FE(+)j Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])o(\))p Fy(;)d(:::;)75 2302 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)177 2283 y Fj(0)177 2313 y(0)197 2302 y Fy(;)g(disp)302 2283 y Fj(0)302 2313 y(0)327 2302 y FE(+)f Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])f(+)h(\()p Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])f FC(\000)h FE(1\))g FC(\001)g Fy(extent)839 2309 y Fj(0)858 2302 y FE(\))p Fy(;)h(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1059 2283 y Fj(0)1059 2313 y Fi(n)1080 2318 y FB(0)1097 2302 y Fy(;)g(disp)1202 2283 y Fj(0)1202 2313 y Fi(n)1223 2318 y FB(0)1248 2302 y FE(+)f Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])f(+)h(\()p Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(0)p FE(])i FC(\000)i Fx(1)p FE(\))6 b FC(\001)h Fy(extent)1766 2309 y Fj(0)1787 2302 y FE(\))p Fy(;)h(:::;)75 2383 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)177 2364 y Fg(count)n Fk(\000)p Fj(1)177 2396 y(0)322 2383 y Fy(;)g(disp)427 2364 y Fg(count)m Fk(\000)p Fj(1)427 2396 y(0)579 2383 y FE(+)h Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(count)h FC(\000)h Fx(1)p FE(])o(\))p Fy(;)d(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1066 2365 y Fg(co)o(unt)l Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1066 2395 y Fi(n)1087 2404 y Fg(cou)o(nt)m Fe(\000)p FB(1)1226 2383 y Fy(;)g(disp)1331 2365 y Fg(count)m Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1331 2395 y Fi(n)1352 2404 y Fg(count)m Fe(\000)p FB(1)1501 2383 y FE(+)g Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(count)j FC(\000)f Fx(1)p FE(]\))p Fy(;)e(:::;)176 2478 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)278 2458 y Fg(count)n Fk(\000)p Fj(1)278 2490 y(0)423 2478 y Fy(;)g(disp)528 2458 y Fg(count)m Fk(\000)p Fj(1)528 2490 y(0)682 2478 y FE(+)i Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(count)h FC(\000)g Fx(1)p FE(])e(+)i(\()p Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(count)g FC(\000)f Fx(1)p FE(])g FC(\000)g FE(1\))g FC(\001)f Fy(extent)1539 2485 y Fg(count)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1686 2478 y FE(\))p Fy(;)f(:::;)182 2559 y FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)284 2541 y Fg(count)n Fk(\000)p Fj(1)284 2571 y Fi(n)305 2580 y Fg(count)o Fe(\000)p FB(1)447 2559 y Fy(;)g(disp)552 2541 y Fg(count)m Fk(\000)p Fj(1)552 2571 y Fi(n)573 2580 y Fg(count)m Fe(\000)p FB(1)724 2559 y FE(+)i Fx(D)p FE([)p Fx(count)h FC(\000)f Fx(1)p FE(])g(+)g(\()p Fx(B)p FE([)p Fx(count)h FC(\000)g Fx(1)p FE(])e FC(\000)i Fx(1)p FE(\))e FC(\001)h Fy(extent)1581 2566 y Fg(count)o Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1728 2559 y FE(\))p FC(g)166 2647 y FE(A)15 b(call)h(to)f Fx(MPI)p 439 2647 V 16 w(TYPE)p 572 2647 V 16 w(HINDEXED\()g(count,)h(oldt)o(yp)q(e,)g (D,)f(B,)g(newt)o(yp)q(e\))h FE(is)g(equiv)m(alen)o(t)h(to)d(a)h(call) 75 2704 y(to)d Fx(MPI)p 213 2704 V 16 w(TYPE)p 346 2704 V 17 w(STRUCT\()h(count,)i(T,)d(D,)h(B,)g(newt)o(yp)q(e\))p FE(,)h(where)f(eac)o(h)g(en)o(try)g(of)g Fx(T)g FE(is)g(equal)h(to)e Fx(oldt)o(yp)q(e)p FE(.)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 52 60 52 59 bop 75 -100 a FE(52)608 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)35 b(POINT)16 b(TO)f(POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)75 45 y Fq(3.13.2)49 b(Address)16 b(and)g(extent)f(functions)75 146 y FE(The)i(displacemen)o (ts)h(in)f(a)f(general)h(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(are)g(relativ)o(e)h(to)f (some)g(buf)h(address.)24 b Fz(Absolute)19 b(ad-)75 203 y(dresses)10 b FE(can)i(b)q(e)h(substituted)f(for)g(these)g (displacemen)o(ts:)19 b(w)o(e)12 b(treat)f(them)h(as)f(displacemen)o (ts)i(relativ)o(e)75 259 y(to)e(\\address)h(zero",)f(the)h(start)e(of)i (the)f(address)h(space.)19 b(This)12 b(initial)i(address)e(zero)g(is)g (indicated)h(b)o(y)f(the)75 316 y(constan)o(t)i Fm(MPI)p 335 316 13 2 v 14 w(BOTTOM)p FE(.)g(Th)o(us,)h(a)f(datat)o(yp)q(e)g (can)h(sp)q(ecify)h(the)f(absolute)g(address)g(of)f(the)h(en)o(tries)g (in)75 372 y(the)d(comm)o(unication)g(bu\013er,)g(in)h(whic)o(h)f(case) g(the)g Fx(buf)h FE(argumen)o(t)d(is)j(passed)f(the)f(v)m(alue)i Fm(MPI)p 1668 372 V 15 w(BOTTOM)p FE(.)166 436 y(The)31 b(address)g(of)f(a)h(lo)q(cation)g(in)h(memory)e(can)h(b)q(e)h(found)f (b)o(y)g(in)o(v)o(oking)g(the)g(function)75 493 y Fx(MPI)p 160 493 14 2 v 16 w(ADDRESS)p FE(.)75 605 y Fx(MPI)p 160 605 V 16 w(ADDRESS\(lo)q(cation,)16 b(address\))117 690 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(lo)q(cation)437 b Fr(lo)q(cation)13 b(in)h(caller)f(memory)f(\(c)o(hoice\))117 781 y(OUT)108 b Fx(address)449 b Fr(address)15 b(of)f(lo)q(cation)f(\(in)o(teger\))75 913 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 913 15 2 v 17 w(Address\(void*)f(location,) h(MPI)p 907 913 V 17 w(ADDR)g(address\))75 1007 y(MPI)p 150 1007 V 17 w(ADDRESS\(LOCATION,)e(ADDRESS,)i(IERROR\))170 1064 y()g(LOCATION\(*\))170 1120 y(INTEGER)g(ADDRESS,)g(IERROR) 166 1215 y FE(Returns)16 b(the)f(\(b)o(yte\))f(address)i(of)e Fx(lo)q(cation)p FE(.)166 1279 y(Example:)147 1433 y Fp(REAL)23 b(A\(100,100\))147 1489 y(INTEGER)f(I1,)i(I2,)f(DIFF)147 1546 y(CALL)g(MPI_ADDRESS\(A\(1,1\),)e(I1\))147 1602 y(CALL)i(MPI_ADDRESS\(A\(10,10\),)e(I2\))147 1659 y(DIFF)i(=)h(I2)f(-)h (I1)75 1715 y(!)g(The)f(value)g(of)h(DIFF)f(is)h(1009*sizeofreal;)e (the)h(values)g(of)h(I1)f(and)h(I2)f(are)75 1772 y(!)h(implementation)e (dependent.)166 1917 y FE(Some)15 b(implemen)o(tations)i(ma)o(y)d(not)h (supp)q(ort)g(calls)h(to)f Fx(MPI)p 1219 1917 14 2 v 16 w(ADDRESS)h FE(in)g(F)l(ortran,)d(where)j(the)75 1974 y Fx(lo)q(cation)g FE(argumen)o(t)e(is)i(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i Fx(CHARA)o(CTER)p FE(.)166 2038 y(The)f(follo)o(wing)h(auxiliary)h (functions)f(pro)o(vide)f(useful)i(information)e(on)g(deriv)o(ed)h (datat)o(yp)q(es.)75 2150 y Fx(MPI)p 160 2150 V 16 w(TYPE)p 293 2150 V 17 w(EXTENT\(datat)o(yp)q(e,)g(extent\))117 2235 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)424 b Fr(datat)o(yp)q(e)14 b(\(handle\))117 2326 y(OUT)108 b Fx(extent)471 b Fr(datat)o(yp)q(e)14 b(exten)o(t)h(\(in)o(teger\))75 2458 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 2458 15 2 v 17 w(Type)p 358 2458 V 17 w(extent\(MPI)p 615 2458 V 16 w(Datatype)f(datatype,)h(int)h(*extent\))75 2553 y(MPI)p 150 2553 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 2553 V 16 w(EXTENT\(DATATYPE,)e (EXTENT,)h(IERROR\))170 2609 y(INTEGER)g(DATATYPE,)g(EXTENT,)g(IERROR) 166 2704 y FE(Returns)16 b(the)f(exten)o(t)g(of)g(a)f(datat)o(yp)q(e)h ({)g(where)g(exten)o(t)g(is)h(as)f(de\014ned)h(in)g(Eq.)f(3.1.)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 53 61 53 60 bop 75 -100 a Ft(3.13.)34 b(DERIVED)15 b(D)o(A)l(T)l(A)l(TYPES) 1119 b FE(53)75 45 y Fx(MPI)p 160 45 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 293 45 V 17 w(SIZE\(datat)o(yp)q(e,)15 b(size\))117 122 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)424 b Fr(datat)o(yp)q(e)14 b(\(handle\))117 195 y(OUT)108 b Fx(size)519 b Fr(datat)o(yp)q(e)14 b(size)h(\(in)o(teger\))75 319 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 319 15 2 v 17 w(Type)p 358 319 V 17 w(size\(MPI)p 567 319 V 16 w(Datatype)g(datatype,)f(int)i(*size\))75 406 y(MPI)p 150 406 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 406 V 16 w(SIZE\(DATATYPE,)e(SIZE,)i (IERROR\))170 462 y(INTEGER)f(DATATYPE,)g(SIZE,)g(IERROR)166 549 y FE(Returns)15 b(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(b)o(ytes)f(o)q (ccupied)j(b)o(y)e(en)o(tries)h(in)g(the)f(datat)o(yp)q(e)f({)h(i.e.)20 b(the)15 b(sum)g(of)g(the)75 605 y(sizes)h(of)f(the)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)g (elemen)o(ts.)75 709 y Fx(MPI)p 160 709 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 293 709 V 17 w(COUNT\(datat)o(yp)q(e,)i(count\))117 786 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)424 b Fr(datat)o(yp)q(e)14 b(\(handle\))117 859 y(OUT)108 b Fx(count)482 b Fr(datat)o(yp)q(e)14 b(coun)o(t)g(\(in)o(teger\))75 983 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 983 15 2 v 17 w(Type)p 358 983 V 17 w(count\(MPI)p 591 983 V 16 w(Datatype)g(datatype,)f(int)i(*count\))75 1070 y(MPI)p 150 1070 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 1070 V 16 w(COUNT\(DATATYPE,)e (COUNT,)h(IERROR\))170 1126 y(INTEGER)g(DATATYPE,)g(COUNT,)g(IERROR)166 1213 y FE(Returns)16 b(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(en)o(tries)h(in)g (the)f(datat)o(yp)q(e.)75 1332 y Fq(3.13.3)49 b(Lo)o(w)o(er-b)q(ound)17 b(and)g(upp)q(er-b)q(ound)g(ma)o(rk)o(ers)75 1418 y FE(It)e(is)g(often) g(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)g(to)g(de\014ne)h(explicitly)h(the)e(lo)o(w)o(er) g(b)q(ound)h(and)f(upp)q(er)h(b)q(ound)f(of)g(a)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(map,)75 1474 y(and)d(o)o(v)o(erwrite)e(the)i(de\014nition)h(giv)o(en)f(b)o(y)f (Equation)g(3.1.)18 b(This)12 b(allo)o(ws)f(to)g(de\014ne)i(a)e(datat)o (yp)q(e)f(that)h(has)75 1531 y(\\holes")k(at)f(its)h(b)q(eginning)i(or) d(its)h(end;)h(or)e(a)h(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(with)h(en)o(tries)g(that)f (extend)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)e(the)h(upp)q(er)75 1587 y(b)q(ound)h(or)f(b)q (elo)o(w)h(the)f(lo)o(w)o(er)g(b)q(ound.)21 b(Examples)16 b(of)f(suc)o(h)g(a)g(usage)g(are)g(pro)o(vided)h(in)g(section)g (3.13.6.)75 1644 y(T)l(o)f(ac)o(hiev)o(e)h(this,)g(w)o(e)f(add)g(t)o(w) o(o)f(additional)j(\\pseudo-datat)o(yp)q(es")e Fx(MPI)p 1349 1644 14 2 v 16 w(LB)p FE(,)g(and)g Fx(MPI)p 1618 1644 V 16 w(UB)h FE(that)f(can)75 1700 y(b)q(e)j(used,)g(resp)q(ectiv)o (ely)l(,)h(to)e(mark)f(the)i(lo)o(w)o(er)f(b)q(ound)h(or)f(the)g(upp)q (er)h(b)q(ound)g(of)f(a)g(datat)o(yp)q(e.)26 b(These)75 1757 y(pseudo-datat)o(yp)q(es)16 b(o)q(ccup)o(y)g(no)f(space)h(\()p Fy(extent)p FE(\()p Fx(MPI)p 1022 1757 V 16 w(LB)p FE(\))d(=)h Fy(extent)p FE(\()p Fx(MPI)p 1400 1757 V 16 w(UB)q FE(\))f(=)g(0\).)20 b(They)c(do)f(not)75 1813 y(a\013ect)d(the)h(size)h(or)e(coun)o(t)h(of) f(a)h(datat)o(yp)q(e,)f(and)h(do)g(not)f(a\013ect)g(the)h(the)g(con)o (ten)o(t)g(of)f(a)h(message)f(created)75 1869 y(with)k(this)f(datat)o (yp)q(e.)20 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)13 b(they)j(do)f(a\013ect)f(the)i (de\014nition)h(of)e(the)g(exten)o(t)g(of)g(a)f(datat)o(yp)q(e)h(and,) 75 1926 y(therefore,)g(a\013ect)f(the)h(outcome)g(of)g(a)g(replication) i(of)d(this)i(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(b)o(y)g(a)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)f (constructor.)166 1982 y(Example:)30 b(Let)21 b Fp(D)j(=)f(\(-3,)h(0,)f (6\))p FE(;)f Fp(T)i(=)g(\(MPI)p 1033 1982 15 2 v 16 w(LB,)g(MPI)p 1217 1982 V 17 w(INT,)f(MPI)p 1425 1982 V 17 w(UB\))p FE(,)c(and)h Fp(B)k(=)g(\(1,)f(1,)75 2039 y(1\))p FE(.)c(Then)d(a)e(call)i(to)f Fx(MPI)p 535 2039 14 2 v 15 w(TYPE)p 667 2039 V 17 w(STRUCT\(3,)g(T,)f(D,)g(B,)h(t)o(yp)q (e1\))g FE(creates)g(a)g(new)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(that)g(has)75 2095 y(an)e(exten)o(t)f(of)g(9)h(\(from)e(-3)i(to)f(5\),)g(and)h(con)o (tains)g(an)g(in)o(teger)g(at)f(displacemen)o(t)i(0.)18 b(This)12 b(is)h(the)e(datat)o(yp)q(e)75 2152 y(de\014ned)j(b)o(y)e (the)g(sequence)i FC(f)p Fp(\(lb,)23 b(-3\),)g(\(int,)g(0\),)h(\(ub,)f (6\))p FC(g)g FE(.)c(If)13 b(this)g(t)o(yp)q(e)f(is)h(replicated)h(t)o (wice)75 2208 y(b)o(y)h(a)g(call)h(to)f Fx(MPI)p 400 2208 V 15 w(TYPE)p 532 2208 V 17 w(CONTIGUOUS\(2,)h(t)o(yp)q(e1,)g(t)o (yp)q(e2\))f FE(then)h(the)f(newly)h(created)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(can)g(b)q (e)75 2265 y(describ)q(ed)e(b)o(y)d(the)h(sequence)h FC(f)p Fp(\(lb,)23 b(-3\),)g(\(int,)g(0\),)h(\(int,9\),)e(\(ub,)i(15\)) p FC(g)f FE(.)18 b(\(En)o(tries)11 b(of)f(t)o(yp)q(e)75 2321 y Fp(lb)15 b FE(or)g Fp(ub)f FE(can)i(b)q(e)g(deleted)g(if)g(they) f(are)g(not)g(at)f(the)i(endp)q(oin)o(ts)g(of)f(the)g(datat)o(yp)q (e.\))166 2378 y(In)h(general,)f(if)471 2465 y Fy(T)6 b(y)r(pemap)12 b FE(=)h FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)844 2472 y Fj(0)864 2465 y Fy(;)8 b(disp)969 2472 y Fj(0)987 2465 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1188 2472 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1254 2465 y Fy(;)g(disp)1359 2472 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1426 2465 y FE(\))p FC(g)p Fy(;)75 2552 y FE(then)16 b(the)f Fz(lo)o(w)o(er)h(b)q(ound)g FE(of)f Fy(T)6 b(y)r(pemap)15 b FE(is)g(de\014ned)i(to)e(b)q(e)213 2669 y Fy(l)q(b)p FE(\()p Fy(T)6 b(y)r(pemap)p FE(\))k(=)530 2597 y Fh(\()584 2641 y FE(min)660 2648 y Fi(j)686 2641 y Fy(disp)770 2648 y Fi(j)1143 2641 y FE(if)16 b(no)f(en)o(try)g(has)g (basic)h(t)o(yp)q(e)f Fp(lb)584 2697 y FE(min)q FC(f)p Fy(disp)767 2704 y Fi(j)812 2697 y FE(:)28 b Fy(ty)r(pe)937 2704 y Fi(j)968 2697 y FE(=)13 b Fp(lb)p FC(g)41 b FE(otherwise)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 54 62 54 61 bop 75 -100 a FE(54)613 b Ft(CHAPTER)16 b(3.)29 b(POINT)16 b(TO)f(POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)166 45 y FE(Similarly)l(,)h (the)e Fz(upp)q(er)j(b)q(ound)e FE(of)e Fy(T)6 b(y)r(pemap)15 b FE(is)h(de\014ned)h(to)d(b)q(e)190 179 y Fy(ub)p FE(\()p Fy(T)6 b(y)r(pemap)p FE(\))11 b(=)519 107 y Fh(\()573 151 y FE(max)658 158 y Fi(j)684 151 y Fy(disp)768 158 y Fi(j)795 151 y FE(+)g Fy(siz)r(eof)5 b FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1073 158 y Fi(j)1092 151 y FE(\))56 b(if)16 b(no)f(en)o(try)g(has)g(basic)g (t)o(yp)q(e)h Fp(ub)573 207 y FE(max)p FC(f)p Fy(disp)765 214 y Fi(j)810 207 y FE(:)27 b Fy(ty)r(pe)934 214 y Fi(j)966 207 y FE(=)13 b Fp(ub)o FC(g)67 b FE(otherwise)166 314 y(Then)441 372 y Fy(extent)p FE(\()p Fy(T)6 b(y)r(pemap)p FE(\))14 b(=)e Fy(ub)p FE(\()p Fy(T)6 b(y)r(pemap)p FE(\))j FC(\000)i Fy(l)q(b)p FE(\()p Fy(T)6 b(y)r(pemap)p FE(\))i(+)i Fy(\017)75 458 y FE(If)17 b Fy(ty)r(pe)206 465 y Fi(i)237 458 y FE(requires)g(alignmen)o(t)g(to)f(a)h(b)o(yte)f(address)h(that)f (is)h(is)g(a)f(m)o(ultiple)j(of)d Fy(k)1474 465 y Fi(i)1488 458 y FE(,)g(then)h Fy(\017)g FE(is)g(the)g(least)75 514 y(nonnegativ)o(e)f(incremen)o(t)g(needed)g(to)f(round)g Fy(extent)p FE(\()p Fy(T)6 b(y)r(pemap)p FE(\))16 b(to)e(the)h(next)h (m)o(ultiple)h(of)d(max)1794 521 y Fi(i)1816 514 y Fy(k)1840 521 y Fi(i)1854 514 y FE(.)166 571 y(The)g(formal)f(de\014nitions)j (giv)o(en)e(for)f(the)h(v)m(arious)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(constructors)g (apply)i(no)o(w,)e(with)h(the)75 628 y(amended)i(de\014nition)h(of)e Fz(exten)o(t)p FE(.)75 753 y Fq(3.13.4)49 b(Commit)16 b(and)h(free)75 840 y FE(A)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(ob)s(ject)h(has)g(to)f(b) q(e)h Fz(committed)h FE(b)q(efore)f(it)g(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(in)f(a)g (comm)o(unication.)26 b(The)75 896 y(system)20 b(ma)o(y)g(\\compile")i (at)e(commit)g(time)h(an)g(in)o(ternal)g(represen)o(tation)g(for)f(the) h(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(that)75 953 y(facilitates)c(comm)o(unication,)g (e.g.)k(c)o(hange)15 b(from)g(a)g(compacted)g(represen)o(tation)h(to)e (a)h(\015at)g(represen-)75 1009 y(tation)j(of)g(the)g(datat)o(yp)q(e,)g (and)g(select)h(the)f(most)g(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)g(transfer)g(mec)o (hanism.)29 b(A)19 b(commited)75 1065 y(datat)o(yp)q(e)c(can)g(still)i (b)q(e)e(used)h(as)f(a)g(argumen)o(t)f(in)i(datat)o(yp)q(e)f (constructors.)166 1123 y(Note:)28 b(the)20 b(commit)f(op)q(eration)h (commits)f(the)h(datat)o(yp)q(e,)f(i.e.,)i(the)e(formal)g(description)i (of)e(a)75 1179 y(comm)o(unication)i(bu\013er,)h(not)e(the)h(con)o(ten) o(t)f(of)g(that)g(bu\013er.)36 b(Th)o(us,)22 b(after)e(a)g(datat)o(yp)q (e)g(has)h(b)q(een)75 1235 y(committed,)d(it)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(rep)q (eatedly)g(reused)g(to)e(comm)o(unicate)h(the)h(c)o(hanging)f(con)o (ten)o(t)g(of)f(a)h(bu\013er)75 1292 y(or,)c(indeed,)j(the)e(con)o(ten) o(t)g(of)g(di\013eren)o(t)g(bu\013ers,)g(with)g(di\013eren)o(t)h (starting)e(addresses.)75 1396 y Fx(MPI)p 160 1396 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 293 1396 V 17 w(COMMIT\(datat)o(yp)q(e\))117 1474 y Fr(INOUT)62 b Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)424 b Fr(datat)o(yp)q(e)14 b(that)g(is)g(committed)e(\(handle\))75 1599 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 1599 15 2 v 17 w(Type)p 358 1599 V 17 w(commit\(MPI)p 615 1599 V 16 w(Datatype)f(datatype\))75 1686 y(MPI)p 150 1686 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 1686 V 16 w(COMMIT\(DATATYPE,)g(IERROR\))170 1743 y(INTEGER)h(DATATYPE,)g(IERROR)166 1830 y FE(There)15 b(is)h(no)f(need)h(to)f(commit)g(basic)h(datat)o(yp)q(es;)e(they)h(are) g(\\pre-committed".)75 1934 y Fx(MPI)p 160 1934 14 2 v 16 w(TYPE)p 293 1934 V 17 w(FREE\(datat)o(yp)q(e\))117 2012 y Fr(INOUT)62 b Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)424 b Fr(handle)14 b(to)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)g(ob)r(ject)h(\(handle\))75 2137 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 2137 15 2 v 17 w(Type)p 358 2137 V 17 w(free\(MPI)p 567 2137 V 16 w(Datatype)g(datatype\))75 2224 y(MPI)p 150 2224 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 2224 V 16 w(FREE\(DATATYPE,)f (IERROR\))170 2280 y(INTEGER)h(DATATYPE,)g(IERROR)166 2367 y FE(Marks)16 b(the)h(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(ob)s(ject)g(asso)q(ciated)h (with)g Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)i FE(for)d(deallo)q(cation.)26 b(The)17 b(ob)s(ject)f(will)75 2424 y(b)q(e)g(deallo)q(cated)h(after)d (an)o(y)i(p)q(ending)h(comm)o(unication)f(that)e(uses)i(this)g(ob)s (ject)f(completes,)g(at)g(whic)o(h)75 2480 y(p)q(oin)o(t)21 b Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)g FE(b)q(ecomes)g(n)o(ull.)36 b(It)20 b(is)h(erroneous)f(to)f(use)i(a)f(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(as)h(argumen)o(t)f (to)h(an)g(MPI)75 2537 y(function)c(after)e(it)i(w)o(as)e(freed.)166 2594 y(Example:)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 55 63 55 62 bop 75 -100 a Ft(3.13.)34 b(DERIVED)15 b(D)o(A)l(T)l(A)l(TYPES) 1119 b FE(55)75 45 y Fp(INTEGER)23 b(type1,)g(type2)75 102 y(CALL)g(MPI_TYPE_CONTIGUOUS\(5,)e(MPI_REAL,)i(type1,)g(ierr\))409 158 y(!)h(new)f(type)h(object)f(created)75 214 y(CALL)g (MPI_TYPE_COMMIT\(type1,)e(ierr\))409 271 y(!)j(now)f(type1)g(can)h(be) f(used)h(for)f(communication)75 327 y(type2)g(=)h(type1)409 384 y(!)g(type2)f(can)g(be)h(used)f(for)h(communication)409 440 y(!)g(\(it)f(is)h(a)g(handle)f(to)g(same)h(object)f(as)g(type1\))75 497 y(CALL)g(MPI_TYPE_VECTOR\(3,)f(MPI_REAL,)g(4,)i(5,)g(type1,)f (ierr\))409 553 y(!)h(new)f(uncommitted)g(type)g(object)g(created)75 610 y(CALL)g(MPI_TYPE_COMMIT\(type1,)e(ierr\))409 666 y(!)j(now)f(type1)g(can)h(be)f(used)h(anew)f(for)h(communication)166 778 y FE(F)l(reeing)19 b(a)f(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(do)q(es)i(not)f(a\013ect) f(an)o(y)h(other)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(that)h(w)o(as)f(built)j(from)d(the) i(freed)75 835 y(datat)o(yp)q(e.)34 b(The)20 b(system)g(should)h(b)q (eha)o(v)o(e)g(as)e(if)i(a)f(separate)f(cop)o(y)h(of)g(the)g(datat)o (yp)q(e)g(w)o(as)f(created)75 891 y(whenev)o(er)d(this)f(datat)o(yp)q (e)g(w)o(as)f(incorp)q(orated)i(in)g(a)f(new)g(deriv)o(ed)i(datat)o(yp) q(e.)166 1025 y Fo(Implemen)o(tati)o(on)12 b(note:)166 1076 y Fr(The)e(implemen)o(tati)o(on)d(ma)o(y)g(k)o(eep)j(a)f (reference)j(coun)o(t)e(of)f(activ)o(e)g(comm)o(unications)d(that)k (use)g(the)g(datat)o(yp)q(e,)75 1125 y(in)15 b(order)i(to)f(decide)h (when)f(to)g(free)h(it.)24 b(Also,)15 b(one)h(ma)o(y)e(implemen)o(t)g (constructors)k(of)d(deriv)o(ed)h(datat)o(yp)q(es)h(so)75 1175 y(that)e(they)h(k)o(eep)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(to)f(their)h(datat)o (yp)q(e)f(argumen)o(ts,)f(rather)j(then)e(cop)o(ying)g(them.)21 b(In)16 b(suc)o(h)g(case,)g(one)75 1225 y(needs)e(to)e(k)o(eep)h(trac)o (k)f(of)g(activ)o(e)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)g(de\014nition)g(references)j(in)d (order)h(to)f(kno)o(w)g(when)h(a)f(datat)o(yp)q(e)g(ob)r(ject)75 1275 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FE(,)g(for)f Fy(i)e FE(=)h(0)p Fy(;)8 b(:::;)g Fp(cou)o(nt)e FC(\000)j FE(1)15 b(and)f Fy(j)h FE(=)e(0)p Fy(;)8 b(:::;)g(n)e FC(\000)k FE(1.)19 b(These)c(en)o(tries)g(need)g(not)75 102 y(b)q(e)h(con)o(tiguous,)f(nor)g(distinct;)h(their)f(order)g(can)h (b)q(e)g(arbitrary)l(.)166 158 y(The)g(v)m(ariable)h(stored)e(at)g (address)g Fy(addr)879 165 y Fi(i;j)933 158 y FE(in)i(the)e(calling)j (program)c(should)j(b)q(e)f(of)f(a)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(that)75 214 y(matc)o(hes)d Fy(ty)r(pe)333 221 y Fi(j)352 214 y FE(,)h(where)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(matc)o(hing)f(is)i(de\014ned)g(as)e(in)i (section)f(3.5.)19 b(The)14 b(message)f(sen)o(t)h(con)o(tains)75 271 y Fy(n)c FC(\002)h Fp(count)j FE(en)o(tries,)i(where)f(en)o(try)g Fy(i)10 b FC(\002)g Fy(n)g FE(+)h Fy(j)17 b FE(has)e(t)o(yp)q(e)h Fy(ty)r(pe)1159 278 y Fi(j)1177 271 y FE(.)166 327 y(Similarly)l(,)f (supp)q(ose)f(that)e(a)h(receiv)o(e)h(op)q(eration)f Fx(MPI)p 1100 327 14 2 v 16 w(RECV\(buf,)h(count,)g(datat)o(yp)q(e,)h (source,)e(tag,)75 384 y(comm,)g(status\))k FE(is)e(executed,)h(where)g Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)g FE(has)g(t)o(yp)q(e)f(map)595 479 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)720 486 y Fj(0)740 479 y Fy(;)8 b(disp)845 486 y Fj(0)863 479 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1064 486 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1130 479 y Fy(;)g(disp)1235 486 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1302 479 y FE(\))p FC(g)p Fy(;)166 563 y FE(with)23 b(exten)o(t)f Fy(extent)j FE(\(empt)o(y)d(en)o(tries)h(deleted\).)43 b(Then)24 b(the)f(receiv)o(e)g(bu\013er)g(used)g(for)g(this)75 619 y(receiv)o(e)e(op)q(eration)f(consists)g(of)f(the)h Fy(n)13 b FC(\002)h Fp(count)19 b FE(en)o(tries,)i(where)f(en)o(try)f Fy(i)13 b FC(\002)h Fy(n)f FE(+)h Fy(j)22 b FE(is)e(at)f(lo)q(cation)75 676 y Fp(buf)6 b FE(+)g Fy(extent)g FC(\002)h Fy(i)f FE(+)h Fy(disp)517 683 y Fi(j)551 676 y FE(and)13 b(has)h(t)o(yp)q(e)f Fy(ty)r(pe)901 683 y Fi(j)920 676 y FE(.)19 b(If)14 b(the)f(incoming)i (message)e(consists)g(of)g Fy(k)i FE(elemen)o(ts,)75 732 y(then)i(w)o(e)f(m)o(ust)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g Fy(k)f FC(\024)g Fy(n)d FC(\002)f Fp(count)p FE(;)16 b(the)g Fy(i)11 b FC(\002)g Fy(n)g FE(+)h Fy(j)s FE(-th)j(elemen)o(t)i(of)f(the)h (message)f(should)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(a)75 789 y(t)o(yp)q(e)f(that)g(matc)o (hes)g Fy(ty)r(pe)536 796 y Fi(j)554 789 y FE(.)166 845 y(Note)c(that)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(matc)o(hing)f(is)h(de\014ned)h(according)f (to)f(the)h(t)o(yp)q(e)f(signature)h(of)f(the)h(corresp)q(onding)75 902 y(datat)o(yp)q(es,)f(i.e.,)h(the)f(sequence)i(of)e(basic)h(t)o(yp)q (e)g(comp)q(onen)o(ts,)f(and)h(do)q(es)g(not)f(dep)q(end)i(on)e(the)g (datat)o(yp)q(e)75 958 y(de\014nition.)166 1015 y(Example:)75 1093 y Fp(...)75 1150 y(CALL)23 b(MPI_TYPE_CONTIGUOUS\()e(MPI_REAL,)i (2,)h(type2,)f(...\))75 1206 y(CALL)g(MPI_TYPE_CONTIGUOUS\()e (MPI_REAL,)i(4,)h(type4,)f(...\))75 1263 y(CALL)g (MPI_TYPE_CONTIGUOUS\()e(type2,)i(2,)h(type22,)f(...\))75 1319 y(...)75 1376 y(CALL)g(MPI_SEND\()g(a,)h(4,)f(MPI_REAL,)g(...\))75 1432 y(CALL)g(MPI_SEND\()g(a,)h(2,)f(type2,)g(...\))75 1489 y(CALL)g(MPI_SEND\()g(a,)h(1,)f(type22,)g(...\))75 1545 y(CALL)g(MPI_SEND\()g(a,)h(1,)f(type4,)g(...\))75 1601 y(...)75 1658 y(CALL)g(MPI_RECV\()g(a,)h(4,)f(MPI_REAL,)g(...\))75 1714 y(CALL)g(MPI_RECV\()g(a,)h(2,)f(type2,)g(...\))75 1771 y(CALL)g(MPI_RECV\()g(a,)h(1,)f(type22,)g(...\))75 1827 y(CALL)g(MPI_RECV\()g(a,)h(1,)f(type4,)g(...\))166 1906 y FE(F)l(rom)14 b(a)h(t)o(yp)q(e)h(matc)o(hing)f(viewp)q(oin)o(t)h (an)o(y)f(of)g(the)g(sends)h(legally)g(matc)o(hes)f(an)o(y)g(of)g(the)g (receiv)o(es.)166 1962 y(A)j(datat)o(yp)q(e)g(used)h(in)g(a)g(receiv)o (e)g(op)q(eration)g(ma)o(y)e(not)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(o)o(v)o(erlapping)h(en) o(tries)g(in)g(its)g(t)o(yp)q(e)75 2019 y(map:)h(the)15 b(same)g(lo)q(cation)h(in)g(the)f(receiv)o(e)h(bu\013er)f(cannot)g(b)q (e)h(written)g(t)o(wice)f(during)h(a)f(receiv)o(e.)166 2075 y(T)o(yp)q(e)23 b(matc)o(hing)g(requiremen)o(ts)h(imply)g(that)f (\(nonempt)o(y\))f(en)o(tries)i(in)f(the)h(t)o(yp)q(e)f(map)g(of)f(a)75 2132 y(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(cannot)g(o)o(v)o(erlap,)h(unless)h(they)e (coincide)j(and)d(ha)o(v)o(e)g(the)g(same)g(basic)h(t)o(yp)q(e,)h(or)e (one)g(of)75 2188 y(them)e(has)g(basic)h(t)o(yp)q(e)f Fx(b)o(yte)p FE(:)29 b(otherwise,)20 b(when)f(the)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)g (is)h(used)f(in)h(a)f(comm)o(unication,)i(at)75 2245 y(least)15 b(on)g(of)g(the)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(o)o(v)o(erlapping)i(en)o (tries)f(will)i(not)e(b)q(e)h(t)o(yp)q(e-consisten)o(t)f(with)h(the)f (comm)o(unication)75 2301 y(bu\013er.)166 2358 y(Supp)q(ose,)k(again,)f (that)f Fx(MPI)p 683 2358 V 15 w(RECV\(buf,)j(count,)f(datat)o(yp)q(e,) g(dest,)g(tag,)f(comm,)e(status\))j FE(is)f(exe-)75 2414 y(cuted,)d(where)h Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)h FE(has)e(t)o(yp)q(e)g(map)595 2507 y FC(f)p FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)720 2514 y Fj(0)740 2507 y Fy(;)8 b(disp)845 2514 y Fj(0)863 2507 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)g FE(\()p Fy(ty)r(pe)1064 2514 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1130 2507 y Fy(;)g(disp)1235 2514 y Fi(n)p Fk(\000)p Fj(1)1302 2507 y FE(\))p FC(g)p Fy(:)166 2591 y FE(The)k(receiv)o(ed)g (message)f(need)h(not)f(\014ll)i(all)g(the)e(receiv)o(e)h(bu\013er,)g (nor)f(do)q(es)h(it)g(need)g(to)f(\014ll)i(a)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)75 2647 y(of)i(lo)q(cations)h(whic)o(h)g(is)f(a)g(m)o(ultiple)i(of)e Fy(n)p FE(;)h(an)o(y)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g Fy(k)i FE(of)d(basic)i(elemen) o(ts)g(can)f(b)q(e)h(receiv)o(ed,)h(where)75 2704 y(0)d FC(\024)h Fy(k)h FC(\024)f Fp(count)c FC(\002)i Fy(n)p FE(.)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 57 65 57 64 bop 75 -100 a Ft(3.13.)34 b(DERIVED)15 b(D)o(A)l(T)l(A)l(TYPES) 1119 b FE(57)166 45 y(The)14 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(elemen)o(ts)i (receiv)o(ed)g(can)f(b)q(e)g(retriev)o(ed)g(from)f Fx(status)j FE(using)e(the)g(query)g(function)75 102 y Fx(MPI)p 160 102 14 2 v 16 w(GET)p 264 102 V 17 w(ELEMENTS)p FE(:)75 206 y Fx(MPI)p 160 206 V 16 w(GET)p 264 206 V 17 w(ELEMENTS\()h (status,)h(datat)o(yp)q(e,)h(count\))117 283 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(status)476 b Fr(return)15 b(status)g(of)e(receiv)o(e)i(op)q (eration)f(\(Status\))117 360 y(IN)155 b Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)424 b Fr(datat)o(yp)q(e)14 b(used)h(b)o(y)f(receiv)o(e)h(op)q(eration)f (\(handle\))117 436 y(OUT)108 b Fx(count)482 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(receiv)o(ed)h(basic)f(elemen)o(ts)g(\(in)o(teger\))75 561 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 561 15 2 v 17 w(Get)p 334 561 V 17 w(elements\(MPI)p 639 561 V 16 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FE(return)g(the)g(same)g(v)m(alues)i(when)e(they)h(are)e(used)i(with) g(basic)g(datat)o(yp)q(es.)166 2554 y Fo(Implemen)o(tati)o(on)i(note:) 58 b Fr(The)19 b(curren)o(t)i(de\014nition)e(implies)e(that)i(a)g (receiv)o(e)h(cannot)g(c)o(hange)f(the)75 2604 y(v)n(alue)d(of)g (storage)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(the)f(en)o(tries)g(de\014ned)h(to)e(comp) q(ose)g(the)h(comm)o(unication)c(bu\013er.)27 b(In)17 b(particular,)75 2654 y(the)c(de\014nition)g(implies)e(that)i(padding)f (space)i(in)e(a)h(structure)i(should)d(not)h(b)q(e)g(mo)q(di\014ed)f (when)h(suc)o(h)h(structure)75 2704 y(is)f(copied)g(from)f(one)h(pro)q (cess)i(to)e(another.)18 b(This)13 b(w)o(ould)f(prev)o(en)o(ts)j(the)f (ob)o(vious)e(optimization)e(of)j(cop)o(ying)f(the)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 58 66 58 65 bop 75 -100 a FE(58)613 b Ft(CHAPTER)16 b(3.)29 b(POINT)16 b(TO)f(POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)75 45 y Fr(structure,)e (together)f(with)e(the)i(padding,)e(as)h(one)g(con)o(tiguous)f(blo)q(c) o(k.)18 b(The)12 b(implemen)o(tatio)o(n)d(is)j(free)h(to)e(do)h(this)75 95 y(optimization)h(when)j(it)f(do)q(es)i(not)e(impact)f(the)i(outcome) f(of)g(the)h(computation.)22 b(The)16 b(user)g(can)g(\\force")g(this)75 145 y(optimization)11 b(b)o(y)j(explicitly)f(including)g(padding)g(as)h (part)g(of)f(the)h(message.)75 351 y Fq(3.13.6)49 b(Examples)75 437 y FE(The)15 b(follo)o(wing)h(examples)g(illustrate)h(the)e(use)g (of)g(deriv)o(ed)h(datat)o(yp)q(es.)75 559 y Fx(First)f(example:)45 b FE(Send)16 b(and)g(receiv)o(e)g(a)e(section)i(of)f(a)g(3D)g(arra)o(y) l(.)218 667 y Fp(REAL)23 b(a\(100,100,100\),)f(e\(9,9,9\))218 724 y(INTEGER)h(oneslice,)g(twoslice,)f(threeslice,)h(sizeofreal,)f (myrank,)h(ierr)218 780 y(MPI_STATUS)g(status)75 893 y(C)143 b(extract)23 b(the)g(section)g(a\(1:17:2,)g(3:11,)g(2:10\))75 949 y(C)143 b(and)23 b(store)h(it)f(in)h(e\(*,*,*\).)218 1062 y(CALL)f(MPI_COMM_RANK\(MPI_ALL,)e(myrank\))218 1175 y(CALL)i(MPI_TYPE_EXTENT\()f(MPI_REAL,)h(sizeofreal,)f(ierr\))75 1288 y(C)119 b(create)23 b(datatype)g(for)g(a)h(1D)g(section)218 1345 y(CALL)f(MPI_TYPE_VECTOR\()f(9,)i(MPI_REAL,)46 b(2,)24 b(1,)f(oneslice,)g(ierr\))75 1458 y(C)119 b(create)23 b(datatype)g(for)g(a)h(2D)g(section)218 1514 y(CALL)f (MPI_TYPE_HVECTOR\(9,oneslice,10)o(0*sizeo)o(freal,1)o(,twoslic)o (e,ierr\))75 1627 y(C)119 b(create)23 b(datatype)g(for)g(the)h(entire)f 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385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 59 67 59 66 bop 75 -100 a Ft(3.13.)29 b(DERIVED)15 b(D)o(A)l(T)l(A)l(TYPES) 1124 b FE(59)218 45 y Fp(DO)24 b(i=1,)f(100)266 102 y(disp\(i\))g(=)h (100*\(i-1\))e(+)i(i)266 158 y(block\(i\))f(=)g(100-i)218 214 y(END)h(DO)75 327 y(C)119 b(create)23 b(datatype)g(for)g(lower)h (triangular)e(part)218 384 y(CALL)h(MPI_TYPE_INDEX\()f(100,)i 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1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 60 68 60 67 bop 75 -100 a FE(60)613 b Ft(CHAPTER)16 b(3.)29 b(POINT)16 b(TO)f(POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)75 45 y Fp(C)119 b(create)23 b(datatype)g(for)g(one)h(row)218 102 y(CALL)f (MPI_TYPE_VECTOR\()f(MPI_REAL,)h(100,)g(100,)g(1,)h(row,)f(ierr\))75 214 y(C)119 b(create)23 b(datatype)g(for)g(one)h(row,)f(with)h(the)f (extent)g(of)h(one)f(real)g(number)218 271 y(disp\(1\))g(=)h(0)218 327 y(disp\(2\))f(=)h(sizeofreal)218 384 y(type\(1\))47 b(=)24 b(row)218 440 y(type\(2\))47 b(=)24 b(MPI_UB)218 497 y(blocklen\(1\))46 b(=)24 b(1)218 553 y(blocklen\(2\))46 b(=)24 b(1)218 610 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2529 y(j)h(=)f(0;)75 2586 y(for\(i=0;)g(i)g(<)h (1000;)f(i++\))123 2642 y(if)g(\(particle[i].class==0\))194 2698 y({)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 62 70 62 69 bop 75 -100 a FE(62)613 b Ft(CHAPTER)16 b(3.)29 b(POINT)16 b(TO)f(POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)194 45 y Fp(zindex[j])23 b(=)h(i;)194 102 y(zblock[j])f(=)h(1;)194 158 y(j++;)194 214 y(})75 327 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y(zblock[j])f(=)h(k-i;)170 1682 y(j++;)170 1739 y(i)g(=)g(k;)170 1795 y(})75 1852 y(MPI_Type_indexed\()e(j,)h(Particletype,)f(zindex,)h(zblock,)g (Zparticles\);)457 2021 y(/*)g(4.3:)314 2077 y(send)g(the)g(first)h (two)f(coordinates)f(of)i(all)f(entries)g(*/)75 2190 y(MPI_Datatype)f(Allpairs;)142 b(/*)24 b(datatype)f(for)g(all)g(pairs)h (of)f(coordinates)g(*/)75 2303 y(int)238 b(sizeofentry;)75 2416 y(MPI_Extent\()22 b(Particletype,)g(sizeofentry\);)194 2529 y(/*)i(sizeofentry)e(can)i(also)f(be)h(computed)e(by)i (subtracting)e(the)i(address)266 2586 y(of)f(particle[0])g(from)g(the)h (address)f(of)g(particle[1])f(*/)75 2698 y(MPI_Type_hvector\()g(1000,)h (MPI_REAL,)f(sizeofentry,)h(2,)g(Allpairs\);)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 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y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 64 72 64 71 bop 75 -100 a FE(64)613 b Ft(CHAPTER)16 b(3.)29 b(POINT)16 b(TO)f(POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)361 45 y Fp(send)24 b(the)f(entire)g(array)g(*/)75 158 y(MPI_Commit\()f(Particletype\);)75 214 y(MPI_Send\()h(MPI_BOTTOM,)f(1000,)h(Particletype,)f(dest,)h(tag,)h (comm\);)481 384 y(/*)f(5.2:)290 440 y(send)g(the)h(entries)e(of)i (class)f(zero,)290 497 y(preceded)g(by)g(the)h(number)f(of)g(such)h (entries)e(*/)75 610 y(MPI_Datatype)g(Zparticles,)h(Ztype;)75 723 y(int)g(zindex[1000],)g(zblock[1000],)f(i,)h(j,)h(k;)75 779 y(int)f(zzblock[2])g(=)h({1,1};)75 835 y(int)f(zztype[2],)g (zzindex[2];)75 1005 y(j=0;)75 1061 y(for)g(\(i=0;)h(i)f(<)h(1000;)f (i++\))123 1118 y(if)g(\(particle[i].index==0\))170 1174 y({)170 1231 y(for)h(\(k=i+1;)f(\(k)g(<)h(1000\)&&\(particle[k].index)d 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724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 67 75 67 74 bop 75 -100 a Ft(3.14.)34 b(UNIVERSAL)17 b(COMMUNICA)l(TION)f (FUNCTIONS)633 b FE(67)166 45 y(W)l(e)16 b(assume)g(that)f(the)i (function)g Fx(MPI)p 846 45 14 2 v 15 w(TYPE)p 978 45 V 17 w(COMMIT)f FE(is)g(not)g(c)o(hanging)h(the)f(represen)o(tation)75 102 y(of)f(a)g(datat)o(yp)q(e,)f(so)h(that)f(this)i(function)g(is)g (redundan)o(t.)166 159 y(Comm)o(unication)g(with)h(a)e Fx(count)j FE(argumen)o(t)d(that)g(is)i Fy(>)d FE(1)i(can)g(b)q(e)h 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y(p)q(orary)j(bu\013er)h(need)g(b) q(e)h(allo)q(cated)f(to)f(replicate)i(the)f(send)g(and)g(receiv)o(e)h (bu\013er.)33 b(A)20 b(size)g(for)g(this)75 739 y(bu\013er)15 b(can)h(b)q(e)f(computed)h(using)g(the)f(function)h Fx(MPI)p 1020 739 V 16 w(TYPE)p 1153 739 V 17 w(SIZE)p FE(.)75 860 y Fq(3.14.8)49 b(Derived)16 b(datat)o(yp)q(es)75 946 y FE(W)l(e)22 b(ha)o(v)o(e)g(outlined)h(in)g(section)g(3.13.1)d(ho) o(w)i(eac)o(h)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(constructor)g(can)i(b)q(e)f(expressed) h(in)75 1003 y(terms)h(of)g(the)g(next)h(one.)47 b(Th)o(us)25 b(all)g(datat)o(yp)q(e)f(constructors)g(can)g(b)q(e)h(expressed)g(in)h (terms)d(of)75 1059 y(the)12 b(constructor)f Fx(MPI)p 472 1059 V 16 w(TYPE)p 605 1059 V 16 w(STRUCT)p FE(;)h(the)g(functions) h Fx(MPI)p 1172 1059 V 15 w(TYPE)p 1304 1059 V 17 w(FREE)p FE(,)f Fx(MPI)p 1537 1059 V 16 w(TYPE)p 1670 1059 V 17 w(EXTENT)p FE(,)75 1116 y Fx(MPI)p 160 1116 V 16 w(TYPE)p 293 1116 V 17 w(SIZE)p FE(,)i Fx(MPI)p 512 1116 V 16 w(TYPE)p 645 1116 V 17 w(COUNT)i 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b(that)f(is)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(groups)f(comm)o (unicators,)h(are)75 1506 y(not)d(allo)o(w)o(ed)g(in)h(the)g(collectiv) o(e)h(functions.\))75 1700 y Fv(4.3)59 b(Ba)n(rrier)21 b(synchronization)75 1867 y Fx(MPI)p 160 1867 14 2 v 16 w(BARRIER\()16 b(comm)d(\))117 1953 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(comm)470 b Fr(comm)o(unicator)11 b(\(handle\))75 2086 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 2086 15 2 v 17 w(BARRIER\(MPI)p 526 2086 V 16 w(Comm)g(comm)h(\))75 2182 y(MPI)p 150 2182 V 17 w(BARRIER\(COMM,)e(IERROR\))170 2238 y(INTEGER)h(COMM,)h (IERROR)166 2334 y Fx(MPI)p 251 2334 14 2 v 16 w(BARRIER)15 b FE(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(the)f(caller)h(un)o(til)g(all)f(group)g(mem)o(b)q (ers)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(called)j(it;)e(the)g(call)h(returns)75 2390 y(at)g(an)o(y)f(pro)q(cess)i(only)g(after)e(all)i(group)f(mem)o(b) q(ers)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(en)o(tered)h(the)f(call.)75 2585 y Fv(4.4)59 b(Data)19 b(move)g(functions)75 2704 y FE(Figure)c(4.1)g (illustrates)h(the)f(the)g(di\013eren)o(t)h(collectiv)o(e)h(mo)o(v)o(e) d(functions)i(supp)q(orted)g(b)o(y)f(MPI.)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 72 80 72 79 bop 75 -100 a FE(72)703 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(4.)35 b(COLLECTIVE)16 b(COMMUNICA)l(TION)75 2420 y @beginspecial @setspecial %%BeginDocument: coll-fig1.ps /arrowdict 13 dict def % Local storage for the procedure % ``arrow.'' /arrow % The procedure ``arrow'' adds an { arrowdict begin % arrow shape to the current path. /headlength exch def % It takes seven arguments: the x /halfheadthickness exch 2 div def % and y coordinates of the tail /halfthickness exch 2 div def % (imagine that a line has been /tipy exch def /tipx exch def % drawn down the center of the /taily exch def /tailx exch def % arrow from the tip to the tail, % then x and y lie on this line), % the x and y coordinates of the % tip of the arrow, the thickness % of the arrow in the tail % portion, the thickness of the % arrow at the widest part of the % arrowhead and the length of the % arrowhead. /dx tipx tailx sub def % Compute the differences in x and /dy tipy taily sub def % y for the tip and tail. These /arrowlength dx dx mul dy dy mul add % will be used to compute the sqrt def % length of the arrow and to /angle dy dx atan def % compute the angle of direction % that the arrow is facing with % respect to the current user % coordinate system origin. /base arrowlength headlength sub def % Compute where the base of the % arrowhead will be. /savematrix matrix currentmatrix def % Save the current user coordinate % system. We are using the same % strategy to localize the effect % of transformations as was used % in the program to draw an % ellipse. tailx taily translate % Translate to the starting point % of the tail. angle rotate % Rotate the x-axis to correspond % with the center line of the % arrow. 0 halfthickness neg moveto % Add the arrow shape to the % current path. base halfthickness neg lineto base halfheadthickness neg lineto arrowlength 0 lineto base halfheadthickness lineto base halfthickness lineto 0 halfthickness lineto closepath savematrix setmatrix % Restore the current user % coordinate system. end } def /Box { /height exch def /length exch def length 0 rlineto 0 height rlineto length neg 0 rlineto closepath } def /Gdict 200 dict def /Grid { Gdict begin /ny exch def /nx exch def /dely exch def /delx exch def /leny { ny dely mul} def /lenx { nx delx mul} def currentpoint /ypos exch def /xpos exch def /y ypos def /x xpos def 0 1 ny { pop x y moveto lenx 0 rlineto stroke /y y dely add def} for /y ypos def /x xpos def 0 1 nx { pop x y moveto 0 leny rlineto stroke /x x delx add def} for end } def /GLdict 300 dict def /GridLabels { GLdict begin /shift exch def /raise exch def /yoff exch def /xoff exch def /p1 exch def /p2 exch def /ny exch def /nx exch def /dely exch def /delx exch def /Darray exch def /leny { ny dely mul} def /lenx { nx delx mul} def currentpoint /ypos exch def /xpos exch def /y ypos def /x xpos def /dx3 delx 3 div def /dy3 dely 3 div def /ix -1 def /iy ny 1 sub def Darray{ aload pop /Subc exch def /Text exch def /ix ix 1 add def ix nx ge { /ix 0 def /iy iy 1 sub def} if /x xpos delx ix 0.5 add mul add /Helvetica findfont p1 scalefont setfont Text stringwidth pop /Helvetica findfont p2 scalefont setfont Subc stringwidth pop add xoff add 2 div sub shift add def /y ypos dely iy 0.5 add mul add raise add def x y moveto /Helvetica findfont p1 scalefont Text show xoff yoff rmoveto /Helvetica findfont p2 scalefont Subc show } forall end clear } def 2 setlinecap 6.5 72 mul 320 sub 2 div 0 translate 0 150 moveto 20 20 6 6 Grid 0 150 moveto [ [(A)(0)] [(A)(1)] [(A)(2)] [(A)(3)] [(A)(4)] [(A)(5)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] ] 20 20 6 6 9 12 1 -5 -2 2 GridLabels 140 225 200 225 12 24 18 arrow stroke 200 195 140 195 12 24 18 arrow stroke /Helvetica findfont 12 scalefont setfont (one-all scatter) dup stringwidth pop 170 exch 2 div sub 242 moveto show (one-all gather) dup stringwidth pop 170 exch 2 div sub 170 moveto show 220 150 moveto 20 20 6 6 Grid 220 150 moveto [ [(A)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(A)(1)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(A)(2)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(A)(3)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(A)(4)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(A)(5)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] ] 20 20 6 6 9 12 1 -5 -2 2 GridLabels 0 0 moveto 20 20 6 6 Grid 0 0 moveto [ [(A)(0)] [(A)(1)] [(A)(2)] [(A)(3)] [(A)(4)] [(A)(5)] [(B)(0)] [(B)(1)] [(B)(2)] [(B)(3)] [(B)(4)] [(B)(5)] [(C)(0)] [(C)(1)] [(C)(2)] [(C)(3)] [(C)(4)] [(C)(5)] [(D)(0)] [(D)(1)] [(D)(2)] [(D)(3)] [(D)(4)] [(D)(5)] [(E)(0)] [(E)(1)] [(E)(2)] [(E)(3)] [(E)(4)] [(E)(5)] [(F)(0)] [(F)(1)] [(F)(2)] [(F)(3)] [(F)(4)] [(F)(5)] ] 20 20 6 6 9 12 1 -5 -2 2 GridLabels 220 0 moveto 20 20 6 6 Grid 220 0 moveto [ [(A)(0)] [(B)(0)] [(C)(0)] [(D)(0)] [(E)(0)] [(F)(0)] [(A)(1)] [(B)(1)] [(C)(1)] [(D)(1)] [(E)(1)] [(F)(1)] [(A)(2)] [(B)(2)] [(C)(2)] [(D)(2)] [(E)(2)] [(F)(2)] [(A)(3)] [(B)(3)] [(C)(3)] [(D)(3)] [(E)(3)] [(F)(3)] [(A)(4)] [(B)(4)] [(C)(4)] [(D)(4)] [(E)(4)] [(F)(4)] [(A)(5)] [(B)(5)] [(C)(5)] [(D)(5)] [(E)(5)] [(F)(5)] ] 20 20 6 6 9 12 1 -5 -2 2 GridLabels 140 60 200 60 12 24 18 arrow stroke /Helvetica findfont 12 scalefont setfont (all-all scatter) dup stringwidth pop 170 exch 2 div sub 77 moveto show 0 300 moveto 20 20 6 6 Grid 0 300 moveto [ [(A)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(B)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(C)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(D)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(E)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(F)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] ] 20 20 6 6 9 12 1 -5 -2 2 GridLabels 140 360 200 360 12 24 18 arrow stroke /Helvetica findfont 12 scalefont setfont (all gather) dup stringwidth pop 170 exch 2 div sub 377 moveto show 220 300 moveto 20 20 6 6 Grid 220 300 moveto [ [(A)(0)] [(B)(0)] [(C)(0)] [(D)(0)] [(E)(0)] [(F)(0)] [(A)(0)] [(B)(0)] [(C)(0)] [(D)(0)] [(E)(0)] [(F)(0)] [(A)(0)] [(B)(0)] [(C)(0)] [(D)(0)] [(E)(0)] [(F)(0)] [(A)(0)] [(B)(0)] [(C)(0)] [(D)(0)] [(E)(0)] [(F)(0)] [(A)(0)] [(B)(0)] [(C)(0)] [(D)(0)] [(E)(0)] [(F)(0)] [(A)(0)] [(B)(0)] [(C)(0)] [(D)(0)] [(E)(0)] [(F)(0)] ] 20 20 6 6 9 12 1 -5 -2 2 GridLabels 0 450 moveto 20 20 6 6 Grid 0 450 moveto [ [(A)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] ] 20 20 6 6 9 12 1 -5 -2 2 GridLabels 140 510 200 510 12 24 18 arrow stroke /Helvetica findfont 12 scalefont setfont 0 575 moveto (data) show (data) stringwidth pop 4 add 575 4 add (data) stringwidth pop 33 add 575 4 add 1 4 5 arrow fill (one-all broadcast) dup stringwidth pop 170 exch 2 div sub 527 moveto show gsave 0 570 (processes) stringwidth pop sub translate 90 rotate 0 5 moveto (processes) show -4 8 -33 8 1 4 5 arrow fill grestore 220 450 moveto 20 20 6 6 Grid 220 450 moveto [ [(A)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(A)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(A)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(A)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(A)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [(A)(0)] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] [()()] ] 20 20 6 6 9 12 1 -5 -2 2 GridLabels showpage %%EndDocument @endspecial 98 x FE(Figure)f(4.1:)k(Collectiv)o(e)e(mo)o(v)o(e)d (functions)i(illustrated)h(for)e(a)f(group)h(of)g(six)h(pro)q(cesses.)k (In)c(eac)o(h)f(case,)75 2574 y(eac)o(h)g(ro)o(w)g(of)g(b)q(o)o(xes)g (represen)o(ts)g(data)g(lo)q(cations)h(in)g(one)g(pro)q(cess.)k(Th)o (us,)15 b(in)h(the)f(one-all)i(broadcast,)75 2631 y(initially)k(just)e (the)f(\014rst)h(pro)q(cess)g(con)o(tains)f(the)h(data)f Fy(A)1085 2638 y Fj(0)1105 2631 y FE(,)h(but)g(after)e(the)i(broadcast) f(all)i(pro)q(cesses)75 2687 y(con)o(tain)15 b(it.)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 73 81 73 80 bop 75 -100 a Ft(4.4.)34 b(D)o(A)l(T)l(A)15 b(MO)o(VE)g (FUNCTIONS)1077 b FE(73)75 45 y Fq(4.4.1)49 b(Broadcast)90 178 y Fx(MPI)p 175 178 14 2 v 16 w(BCAST\()16 b(bu\013er,)f(count,)h (datat)o(yp)q(e,)g(ro)q(ot,)f(comm)e(\))117 255 y Fr(INOUT)62 b Fx(bu\013er)478 b Fr(starting)14 b(address)h(of)f(bu\013er)g(\(c)o (hoice\))117 330 y(IN)171 b Fx(count)466 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(en)o(tries)h(in)e(bu\013er)i(\(in)o(teger\))117 404 y(IN)171 b Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)408 b Fr(data)14 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f (bu\013er)117 479 y(IN)171 b Fx(ro)q(ot)492 b Fr(rank)14 b(of)f(broadcast)i(ro)q(ot)f(\(in)o(teger\))117 553 y(IN)171 b Fx(comm)454 b Fr(comm)o(unicator)11 b(\(handle\))75 677 y Fp(int)47 b(MPI)p 269 677 15 2 v 17 w(BCAST\(void*)22 b(buf,)i(int)f(count,)g(MPI)p 1026 677 V 17 w(Datatype)g(datatype,)f (int)i(root,)393 734 y(MPI)p 468 734 V 17 w(Comm)f(comm)h(\))75 820 y(MPI)p 150 820 V 17 w(BCAST\(BUFFER,)e(COUNT,)h(DATATYPE,)g(ROOT,) g(COMM,)g(IERROR\))170 877 y()g(BUFFER\(*\))170 933 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(ROOT,)g(COMM,)g(IERROR)166 1020 y Fx(MPI)p 251 1020 14 2 v 16 w(BCAST)11 b FE(broadcasts)e(a)h (message)g(from)g(the)g(pro)q(cess)h(with)f(rank)21 b Fx(ro)q(ot)10 b FE(to)f(all)j(other)e(pro)q(cesses)75 1076 y(of)18 b(the)g(group.)28 b(It)18 b(is)h(called)h(b)o(y)e(all)h (mem)o(b)q(ers)f(of)g(group)g(using)g(the)h(same)e(argumen)o(ts)h(for) 35 b Fx(comm,)75 1133 y(ro)q(ot)16 b FE(and)g(matc)o(hing)g(argumen)o (ts)f(for)31 b Fx(count,)17 b(datat)o(yp)q(e)p FE(.)23 b(On)17 b(return)f(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)g(the)h(bu\013er)g(of)75 1189 y(the)f(pro)q(cess)h(with)f(rank)30 b Fx(ro)q(ot)15 b FE(is)h(con)o(tained)g(in)g(the)f(bu\013er)g(of)g(the)g(calling)i (pro)q(cess.)75 1310 y Fq(4.4.2)49 b(Gather)75 1443 y Fx(MPI)p 160 1443 V 16 w(GA)l(THER\()16 b(sendbuf,)h(sendcount,)h (sendt)o(yp)q(e,)f(recvbuf,)f(recvcount,)g(recvt)o(yp)q(e,)g(ro)q(ot,)e (comm\))117 1520 y Fr(IN)171 b Fx(sendbuf)428 b Fr(starting)14 b(address)h(of)f(send)g(bu\013er)h(\(c)o(hoice\))117 1595 y(IN)171 b Fx(sendcount)383 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(elemen)o(ts)f(in)h(send)h(bu\013er)f(\(in)o(teger\))117 1669 y(IN)171 b Fx(sendt)o(yp)q(e)408 b Fr(data)14 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f (send)i(bu\013er)g(elemen)o(ts)117 1743 y(OUT)124 b Fx(recvbuf)434 b Fr(address)21 b(of)e(receiv)o(e)j(bu\013er)e(\(c)o(hoice,)i (signi\014can)o(t)d(only)g(at)905 1800 y(ro)q(ot\))117 1874 y(IN)171 b Fx(recvcount)389 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)11 b(of)g(elemen)o(ts)g(for)g(an)o(y)g(single)g(receiv)o(e)i(\(in)o (teger,)f(sig-)905 1931 y(ni\014can)o(t)i(only)f(at)h(ro)q(ot\))117 2005 y(IN)171 b Fx(recvt)o(yp)q(e)414 b Fr(data)16 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f (recv)i(bu\013er)g(elemen)o(ts)f(\(signi\014can)o(t)f(only)g(at)905 2062 y(ro)q(ot\))117 2136 y(IN)171 b Fx(ro)q(ot)492 b Fr(rank)14 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w(Comm)h(comm\))75 1504 y(MPI)p 150 1504 V 17 w (ALLGATHERV\(SENDBUF,)e(SENDCOUNT,)i(SENDTYPE,)f(RECVBUF,)h(DISPLS,)g (RECVCOUNTS,)393 1560 y(RECVTYPE,)g(COMM,)g(IERROR\))170 1617 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 1673 y(INTEGER)g(SENDCOUNT,)g(SENDTYPE,)f(DISPLS,)h(RECVCOUNTS,)g(RECVTYPE,) f(COMM,)i(IERROR)166 1778 y Fx(MPI)p 251 1778 14 2 v 16 w(ALLGA)l(THERV)11 b FE(can)g(b)q(e)g(though)o(t)e(of)h(as)g Fx(MPI)p 1044 1778 V 16 w(GA)l(THERV)p FE(,)h(but)g(where)f(all)h(pro)q (cesses)g(receiv)o(e)75 1834 y(the)i(result,)g(instead)g(of)f(just)g (the)h(ro)q(ot.)18 b(The)13 b Fp(j)p FE(-th)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h(of)f(data)g (sen)o(t)h(from)e(eac)o(h)i(pro)q(cess)g(is)g(receiv)o(ed)75 1891 y(b)o(y)j(ev)o(ery)f(pro)q(cess)h(and)g(placed)h(in)f(the)g Fp(j)p FE(-th)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)f(the)h(bu\013er)g Fx(recvbuf)p FE(.)21 b(These)16 b(blo)q(c)o(ks)h(need)f(not)75 1947 y(all)g(b)q(e)f(the)g(same)f(size.)21 b(The)15 b(t)o(yp)q(emap)g(of)f Fx(sendcount,)j(sendt)o(yp)q(e)h FE(on)d(pro)q(cess)g Fp(j)f FE(m)o(ust)g(exactly)i(matc)o(h)75 2004 y(the)f(t)o(yp)q(emap)f (of)g Fx(recvcounts[j],)i(recvt)o(yp)q(e)p FE(,)f(\(on)f(all)i(pro)q (cesses\).)j(The)c(outcome)f(is)h(as)f(if)h(all)h(pro)q(cesses)75 2060 y(executed)g(calls)g(to,)115 2216 y Fp(MPI)p 190 2216 15 2 v 17 w(GATHERV)p FE(\()p Fp(sendbuf)p Fy(;)8 b Fp(sen)o(dcount)p Fy(;)f Fp(sen)o(dtype)p Fy(;)g Fp(recv)o(buf)p Fy(;)g Fp(displ)o(s)p Fy(;)h Fp(r)o(ecvcoun)o(ts)p Fy(;)f Fp(recvtyp)o(e)p Fy(;)854 2426 y Fp(root)p Fy(;)h Fp(comm)p FE(\))p Fy(;)75 2573 y FE(for)15 b Fp(root)d FE(=)h Fp(0)p Fy(;)8 b FC(\001)g(\001)g(\001)t Fy(;)g Fp(n)h FC(\000)i Fp(1)p FE(.)166 2647 y(F)l(or)i(b)q(oth)g Fx(MPI)p 436 2647 14 2 v 16 w(ALLGA)l(THER)i FE(and)e Fx(MPI)p 890 2647 V 16 w(ALLGA)l(THERV)p FE(,)h(all)h(argumen)o(ts)e(on)g(all)h(pro) q(cesses)g(are)75 2704 y(signi\014can)o(t.)21 b(The)15 b(argumen)o(t)g Fx(comm)e FE(m)o(ust)i(ha)o(v)o(e)f(iden)o(tical)j(v)m (alues)g(on)e(all)h(pro)q(cesses.)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 89 97 89 96 bop 75 -100 a Ft(4.4.)34 b(D)o(A)l(T)l(A)15 b(MO)o(VE)g (FUNCTIONS)1077 b FE(89)75 45 y Fq(4.4.7)49 b(All-to-All)19 b(Scatter/Gather)75 232 y Fx(MPI)p 160 232 14 2 v 16 w(ALL)l(TO)o(ALL\(sendbuf,)d(sendcount,)i(sendt)o(yp)q(e,)f(recvbuf,)f (recvcount,)g(recvt)o(yp)q(e,)g(comm\))117 337 y Fr(IN)171 b Fx(sendbuf)428 b Fr(starting)14 b(address)h(of)f(send)g(bu\013er)h (\(c)o(hoice\))117 467 y(IN)171 b Fx(sendcount)383 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(elemen)o(ts)f(in)h(send)h(bu\013er)f(\(in) o(teger\))117 598 y(IN)171 b Fx(sendt)o(yp)q(e)408 b Fr(data)14 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(send)i(bu\013er)g(elemen)o(ts)117 728 y(OUT)124 b Fx(recvbuf)434 b Fr(address)15 b(of)f(receiv)o(e)h (bu\013er)g(\(c)o(hoice\))117 859 y(IN)171 b Fx(recvcount)389 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)17 b(of)f(elemen)o(ts)h(receiv)o(ed)i(from)c(an)o (y)i(pro)q(cess)i(\(in)o(te-)905 915 y(ger\))117 1045 y(IN)171 b Fx(recvt)o(yp)q(e)414 b Fr(data)14 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f (receiv)o(e)j(bu\013er)f(elemen)o(ts)117 1176 y(IN)171 b Fx(comm)454 b Fr(comm)o(unicator)11 b(\(handle\))75 1328 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 1328 15 2 v 17 w(ALLTOALL\(void*)f (sendbuf,)h(int)g(sendcount,)g(MPI)p 1265 1328 V 17 w(Datatype)f (sendtype,)393 1384 y(void*)h(recvbuf,)g(int)h(recvcount,)e(MPI)p 1184 1384 V 17 w(Datatype)h(recvtype,)393 1441 y(MPI)p 468 1441 V 17 w(Comm)g(comm\))75 1555 y(MPI)p 150 1555 V 17 w(ALLTOALL\(SENDBUF,)e(SENDCOUNT,)i(SENDTYPE,)f(RECVBUF,)h (RECVCOUNT,)g(RECVTYPE,)393 1611 y(COMM,)g(IERROR\))170 1668 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 1724 y(INTEGER)g(SENDCOUNT,)g(SENDTYPE,)f(RECVCOUNT,)h(RECVTYPE,)g(COMM,)g (IERROR)166 1838 y Fx(MPI)p 251 1838 14 2 v 16 w(ALL)l(TO)o(ALL)18 b FE(is)h(an)g(extension)h(of)e Fx(MPI)p 962 1838 V 16 w(ALLGA)l(THER)i FE(to)e(the)h(case)g(where)g(eac)o(h)g(pro)q(cess)75 1895 y(sends)d(distinct)h(data)d(to)h(eac)o(h)h(of)f(the)g(receiv)o (ers.)22 b(The)15 b Fp(j)p FE(-th)h(blo)q(c)o(k)g(sen)o(t)f(from)g(pro) q(cess)h Fp(i)f FE(is)h(receiv)o(ed)75 1951 y(b)o(y)e(pro)q(cess)f Fp(j)h FE(and)g(is)g(placed)g(in)h(the)e Fp(i)p FE(-th)h(blo)q(c)o(k)g (of)f Fx(recvbuf)p FE(.)20 b(The)14 b(t)o(yp)q(emap)g(of)f Fx(sendcount,)j(sendt)o(yp)q(e)75 2008 y FE(m)o(ust)f(exactly)g(matc)o (h)g(the)g(t)o(yp)q(emap)g(of)g Fx(recvcount,)h(recvt)o(yp)q(e)p FE(.)166 2092 y(The)d(outcome)g(is)h(as)e(if)i(eac)o(h)f(pro)q(cess)g (executed)h(a)f(send)h(to)e(eac)o(h)h(pro)q(cess)h(\(itself)f (included\))j(with)75 2148 y(a)f(call)h(to,)249 2333 y Fp(MPI)p 324 2333 15 2 v 17 w(Send)p FE(\()p Fp(sendbuf)8 b FE(+)j Fp(i)f FC(\002)g Fp(extent)p FE(\()p Fp(sendtype)p FE(\))p Fy(;)e Fp(s)o(endcount)o Fy(;)g Fp(s)o(endtype)o Fy(;)g Fp(i)p Fy(;)f(:)o(::)p FE(\))o Fy(;)75 2519 y FE(and)15 b(a)g(receiv)o(e)h(from)f(ev)o(ery)g(other)g(pro)q(cess)g (with)h(a)f(call)h(to,)355 2704 y Fp(MPI)p 430 2704 V 16 w(Recv)p FE(\()p Fp(recvbuf)9 b FE(+)h Fp(i)g FC(\002)h Fp(extent)p FE(\()p Fp(recvtype)p FE(\))p Fy(;)c Fp(recvc)o(ount)p Fy(;)g Fp(i)p Fy(;)g(::)o(:)p FE(\))p Fy(:)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 90 98 90 97 bop 75 -100 a FE(90)703 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(4.)35 b(COLLECTIVE)16 b(COMMUNICA)l(TION)75 45 y Fx(MPI)p 160 45 14 2 v 16 w(ALL)l(TO)o(ALL)-5 b(V\(sendbuf,)13 b(sdispls,)h (sendcounts,)h(sendt)o(yp)q(e,)f(recvbuf,)e(rdispls,)h(recvcounts,)g (recvt)o(yp)q(e,)75 102 y(comm\))117 180 y Fr(IN)171 b Fx(sendbuf)428 b Fr(starting)14 b(address)h(of)f(send)g(bu\013er)h (\(c)o(hoice\))117 257 y(IN)171 b Fx(sdispls)452 b Fr(in)o(teger)15 b(arra)o(y)f(\(of)g(length)g(group)g(size\).)20 b(En)o(try)15 b Fl(j)f Fr(sp)q(eci\014es)905 313 y(the)20 b(displacemen)o(t)e (\(relativ)o(e)h(to)f Fm(sendbuf)j Fr(from)c(whic)o(h)i(to)905 370 y(tak)o(e)14 b(the)h(outgoing)d(data)i(destined)h(for)e(pro)q(cess) j Fl(j)117 447 y Fr(IN)171 b Fx(sendcounts)366 b Fr(in)o(teger)20 b(arra)o(y)f(equal)h(to)f(the)h(group)g(size)g(sp)q(ecifying)f(the)905 503 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(elemen)o(ts)f(to)h(send)h(to)f(eac)o(h) g(pro)q(cessor)117 580 y(IN)171 b Fx(sendt)o(yp)q(e)408 b Fr(data)14 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(send)i(bu\013er)g(elemen)o(ts)117 657 y(OUT)124 b Fx(recvbuf)434 b Fr(address)15 b(of)f(receiv)o(e)h (bu\013er)g(\(c)o(hoice\))117 734 y(IN)171 b Fx(rdispls)453 b Fr(in)o(teger)15 b(arra)o(y)f(\(of)g(length)g(group)g(size\).)20 b(En)o(try)15 b Fl(i)f Fr(sp)q(eci\014es)905 790 y(the)f(displacemen)o (t)e(\(relativ)o(e)g(to)h Fm(recvbuf)i Fr(at)d(whic)o(h)h(to)g(place) 905 847 y(the)j(incoming)c(data)j(from)e(pro)q(cess)k Fl(i)117 924 y Fr(IN)171 b Fx(recvcounts)372 b Fr(in)o(teger)20 b(arra)o(y)f(equal)h(to)f(the)h(group)g(size)g(sp)q(ecifying)f(the)905 980 y(maxim)n(um)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)j(of)f(elemen)o(ts)i(that)g(can)f(b) 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Fx(MPI)p 959 1830 V 16 w(ALL)l(TO)o(ALL)h FE(in)h(that)f(the)h(lo)q(cation)g(of) f(data)g(for)g(the)75 1886 y(send)j(is)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d Fx(sdispls)i FE(and)e(the)g(lo)q(cation)h(of)f(the)g(placemen)o(t)h(of) f(the)g(data)g(on)g(the)g(receiv)o(e)h(side)75 1943 y(is)h(sp)q (eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e Fx(rdispls)p FE(.)166 2000 y(The)10 b Fp(j)p FE(-th)g(blo)q(c)o(k)h(sen)o(t)f(from)g(pro)q(cess)g Fp(i)g FE(is)h(receiv)o(ed)g(b)o(y)f(pro)q(cess)h Fp(j)f FE(and)g(is)h(placed)g(in)g(the)f Fp(i)p FE(-th)g(blo)q(c)o(k)75 2056 y(of)15 b Fx(recvbuf)p FE(.)21 b(These)15 b(blo)q(c)o(ks)h(need)h (not)d(all)j(ha)o(v)o(e)e(the)g(same)g(size,)h(but)f(the)h(t)o(yp)q (emap)f(of)g Fx(sendcounts[j],)75 2113 y(sendt)o(yp)q(e)i FE(on)d(pro)q(cess)h Fp(i)f FE(m)o(ust)g(exactly)g(matc)o(h)g(the)g(t)o (yp)q(emap)h(of)e Fx(recvcounts[i],)j(recvt)o(yp)q(e)f FE(on)g(pro)q(cess)75 2169 y Fp(j)p FE(.)166 2227 y(The)g(outcome)g(is) h(as)f(if)g(eac)o(h)h(pro)q(cess)f(sen)o(t)g(a)g(message)g(to)f(eac)o 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328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 91 99 91 98 bop 75 -100 a Ft(4.5.)34 b(GLOBAL)16 b(COMPUTE)f(OPERA)l(TIONS) 883 b FE(91)166 45 y Fo(Implemen)o(tati)o(on)17 b(note:)54 b Fr(Although)18 b(the)h(discussion)g(of)e(collectiv)o(e)i(comm)o (unicati)o(on)d(in)h(terms)i(of)75 102 y(p)q(oin)o(t)e(to)g(p)q(oin)o (t)f(op)q(eration)h(implies)f(that)h(eac)o(h)h(message)e(is)i 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y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 92 100 92 99 bop 75 -100 a FE(92)703 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(4.)35 b(COLLECTIVE)16 b(COMMUNICA)l(TION)75 45 y Fp(MPI)p 150 45 15 2 v 17 w(REDUCE\(SENDBUF,)22 b(RECVBUF,)g(COUNT,)h(DATATYPE,)g (OP,)g(ROOT,)h(COMM,)f(IERROR\))170 102 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g (RECVBUF\(*\))170 158 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(OP,)g(ROOT,)h (COMM,)f(IERROR)166 246 y FE(Com)o(bines)c(the)f(v)m(alues)i(pro)o (vided)f(in)g(the)g(send)g(bu\013er)f(of)g(eac)o(h)g(pro)q(cess)h(in)g (the)g(group,)f(using)75 302 y(the)d(op)q(eration)30 b Fx(op)p FE(,)15 b(and)g(returns)g(the)g(com)o(bined)h(v)m(alue)h(in)f 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y(In)o(ternally)l(,)h(the)e(function)h(will)h(co)q(erce)f(the)g (rank)f(of)g(the)g(calling)i(pro)q(cess)f(\(an)f(in)o(teger)g(t)o(yp)q (e\))g(to)g(the)75 2305 y(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)g(the)g(data)f(v)m(alues,)i (and)f(carry)g(these)g(v)m(alues)h(along)f(during)h(the)f(reduction.)23 b(The)17 b(op)q(eration)75 2361 y(returns)f(at)f(the)i(ro)q(ot)e(the)h Fy(m)g FE(minim)o(um)h(\(or)e(maxim)o(um\))h(v)m(alues,)h(follo)o(w)o (ed)f(b)o(y)g(the)h Fy(m)e FE(ranks)h(of)g(the)75 2418 y(pro)q(cesses)k(con)o(taining)g(these)f(v)m(alues.)34 b(T)l(o)19 b(reco)o(v)o(er)f(the)i(ranks)f(of)g(the)g(pro)q(cesses)h (as)f(in)o(tegers,)h(the)75 2474 y(second)c(set)f(of)f(v)m(alues)j(can) e(no)o(w)g(b)q(e)h(copied)g(out)f(of)g(the)g(bu\013er)g(and)h(co)q (erced)g(to)e(in)o(teger)h(v)m(alues.)166 2532 y(The)g(op)q(eration)h (that)e(de\014nes)30 b Fm(MPI)p 801 2532 V 15 w(MAXLOC)14 b FE(is)721 2597 y Fh( )774 2641 y Fy(u)779 2697 y(i)821 2597 y Fh(!)864 2669 y FC(\016)897 2597 y Fh( )950 2641 y Fy(v)952 2697 y(j)995 2597 y Fh(!)1040 2669 y FE(=)1088 2597 y Fh( )1142 2641 y Fy(w)1146 2697 y(k)1196 2597 y Fh(!)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 93 101 93 100 bop 75 -100 a Ft(4.5.)29 b(GLOBAL)16 b(COMPUTE)f(OPERA)l(TIONS) 888 b FE(93)75 45 y(where)833 104 y Fy(w)13 b FE(=)g(max\()p Fy(u;)8 b(v)r FE(\))75 191 y(and)710 297 y Fy(k)13 b FE(=)795 198 y Fh(8)795 235 y(>)795 248 y(<)795 323 y(>)795 335 y(:)853 240 y Fy(i)194 b FE(if)15 b Fy(u)e(>)g(v)853 297 y FE(min)q(\()p Fy(i;)8 b(j)s FE(\))39 b(if)15 b Fy(u)e FE(=)g Fy(v)853 353 y(j)191 b FE(if)15 b Fy(u)e(<)g(v)166 439 y FE(Note)21 b(that)g(ties)h(are)f(resolv)o(ed)h(in)h(fa)o(v)o(or)d (of)h(the)h(pro)q(cess)g(with)g(lo)o(w)o(er)f(rank)g(and)h(hence)h (this)75 496 y(op)q(eration)15 b(is)h(asso)q(ciativ)o(e)g(and)f(comm)o (utativ)o(e.)166 553 y Fm(MPI)p 243 553 13 2 v 14 w(MINLOC)g FE(is)h(de\014ned)g(similarly:)721 617 y Fh( )774 661 y Fy(u)779 717 y(i)821 617 y Fh(!)864 689 y FC(\016)897 617 y Fh( )950 661 y Fy(v)952 717 y(j)995 617 y Fh(!)1040 689 y FE(=)1088 617 y Fh( )1142 661 y Fy(w)1146 717 y(k)1196 617 y Fh(!)75 824 y FE(where)837 884 y Fy(w)e FE(=)f(min\()p Fy(u;)8 b(v)r FE(\))75 970 y(and)710 1076 y Fy(k)13 b FE(=)795 977 y Fh(8)795 1015 y(>)795 1027 y(<)795 1102 y(>)795 1114 y(:)853 1019 y Fy(i)194 b FE(if)15 b Fy(u)e(<)g(v)853 1076 y FE(min)q(\()p Fy(i;)8 b(j)s FE(\))39 b(if)15 b Fy(u)e FE(=)g Fy(v)853 1132 y(j)191 b FE(if)15 b Fy(u)e(>)g(v)75 1259 y Fx(Op)q(eration)j(/)f(T)l(yp)q(e)i(Compatibilit)o(y)75 1346 y FE(All)h(of)d(the)i(options)f(for)g Fx(op)g FE(in)h Fx(MPI)p 715 1346 14 2 v 16 w(REDUCE)g FE(do)f(not)g(apply)h(for)f(eac) o(h)g(of)g(the)g(p)q(ossible)i(MPI)e(basic)75 1403 y(datat)o(yp)q(es.)j (W)l(e)14 b(en)o(umerate)f(the)h(allo)o(w)o(ed)g(com)o(binations)h (here.)20 b(First,)13 b(de\014ne)i(groups)e(of)h(MPI)f(basic)75 1459 y(datat)o(yp)q(es)i(in)h(the)f(follo)o(wing)h(w)o(a)o(y)l(.)75 1570 y Fz(C)h(in)o(teger:)22 b Fp(MPI)p 400 1570 15 2 v 17 w(CHAR,)h(MPI)p 632 1570 V 17 w(INT,)g(MPI)p 840 1570 V 17 w(LONG,)g(MPI)p 1072 1570 V 17 w(SHORT,)189 1627 y(MPI)p 264 1627 V 16 w(UNSIGNED)p 472 1627 V 16 w(SHORT,)h(MPI)p 728 1627 V 16 w(UNSIGNED,)f(MPI)p 1055 1627 V 17 w(UNSIGNED)p 1264 1627 V 16 w(LONG)75 1724 y Fz(F)l(ortran)17 b(in)o(teger:)22 b Fp(MPI)p 535 1724 V 17 w(INTEGER)75 1822 y Fz(Floating)d(p)q(oin)o(t:)24 b Fp(MPI)p 513 1822 V 16 w(FLOAT,)g(MPI)p 769 1822 V 16 w(DOUBLE,)f(MPI)p 1048 1822 V 17 w(LONG)p 1161 1822 V 17 w(DOUBLE,)g(MPI)p 1441 1822 V 16 w(REAL,)189 1878 y(MPI)p 264 1878 V 16 w(DOUBLE)p 424 1878 V 17 w(PRECISION)75 1976 y Fz(Logical:)i Fp(MPI)p 349 1976 V 16 w(LOGICAL)75 2073 y Fz(Complex:)d Fp(MPI)p 390 2073 V 17 w(COMPLEX)75 2171 y Fz(Byte:)g Fp(MPI)p 296 2171 V 17 w(BYTE)166 2282 y FE(No)o(w,)14 b(the)h(v)m(alid)i(datat)o(yp)q(es)e(for)f(eac)o(h)i (option)f(is)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)q(elo)o(w.)117 2443 y Fm(MPI)p 194 2443 13 2 v 14 w(MAX,)c(MPI)p 400 2443 V 14 w(MIN,)h(MPI)p 592 2443 V 14 w(MAXLOC,)f(MPI)p 878 2443 V 14 w(MINLOC)41 b FE(C)10 b(in)o(teger,)h(F)l(ortran)e(in)o (teger,)i(Floating)f(p)q(oin)o(t)117 2499 y Fm(MPI)p 194 2499 V 14 w(SUM,)j(MPI)p 396 2499 V 14 w(PROD)424 b FE(C)10 b(in)o(teger,)h(F)l(ortran)e(in)o(teger,)i(Floating)f(p)q (oin)o(t,)h(Com-)905 2556 y(plex)117 2612 y Fm(MPI)p 194 2612 V 14 w(LAND,)j(MPI)p 418 2612 V 14 w(LOR,)f(MPI)p 612 2612 V 15 w(LX)o(OR)215 b FE(C)15 b(in)o(teger,)g(Logical)117 2668 y Fm(MPI)p 194 2668 V 14 w(BAND,)e(MPI)p 423 2668 V 14 w(BOR,)g(MPI)p 623 2668 V 14 w(BX)o(OR)199 b FE(C)15 b(in)o(teger,)g(Byte)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 94 102 94 101 bop 75 -100 a FE(94)703 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(4.)35 b(COLLECTIVE)16 b(COMMUNICA)l(TION)75 45 y Fx(Example)f(of)g(Reduce)75 131 y FE(Eac)o(h)h(pro)q(cess)h(has)g(an)f(arra)o(y)g(of)g(30)g Fp(double)p FE(s,)g(in)h(C.)f(F)l(or)g(eac)o(h)h(of)f(the)h(30)f(lo)q (cations,)h(compute)g(the)75 188 y(v)m(alue)f(and)g(rank)f(of)g(the)g (pro)q(cess)g(con)o(taining)h(the)f(largest)g(v)m(alue.)170 295 y Fp(...)170 351 y(/*)24 b(each)f(process)g(has)h(an)f(array)g(of)h (30)g(double:)f(a[])194 408 y(*/)170 464 y(double)g(a[30];)170 521 y(double)g(in[60],out[60];)170 577 y(int)h(i,outranks[30];)170 690 y(for)g(\(i=0;)f(i<30;)g(++i\))h({)266 747 y(in[i])f(=)h(a[i];)170 803 y(})170 859 y(MPI_Reduce\()f(in,)g(out,)h(30,)f(MPI_DOUBLE,)f (MPI_MAXLOC,)h(root,)g(comm)g(\);)170 916 y(/*)h(At)g(this)f(point,)g (the)g(answer)g(resides)g(on)h(process)f(root)194 972 y(*/)170 1029 y(if)h(\(myrank)f(==)h(root\))f({)266 1085 y(/*)g(read)h(ranks)f(out)g(and)h(coerce)f(back)g(to)h(ints)290 1142 y(*/)266 1198 y(for)f(\(i=0;)h(i<30;)f(++i\))g({)361 1255 y(outranks[i])g(=)g(out[30+i];)266 1311 y(})170 1368 y(})75 1490 y Fq(4.5.2)49 b(User-Reduce)75 1624 y Fx(MPI)p 160 1624 14 2 v 16 w(USER)p 288 1624 V 17 w(REDUCE\()16 b(sendbuf,)h(recvbuf,)f(count,)g(datat)o(yp)q(e,)g (function,)g(ro)q(ot,)f(comm\))117 1701 y Fr(IN)171 b Fx(sendbuf)428 b Fr(starting)14 b(address)h(of)f(send)g(bu\013er)h(\(c) o(hoice\))117 1776 y(OUT)124 b Fx(recvbuf)434 b Fr(starting)19 b(address)h(of)e(receiv)o(e)i(bu\013er)f(\(c)o(hoice,)h(signi\014can)o (t)905 1833 y(only)13 b(at)h(ro)q(ot\))117 1908 y(IN)171 b Fx(count)466 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(elemen)o(ts)f(in)h(input) g(bu\013er)g(\(in)o(teger\))117 1984 y(IN)171 b Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)408 b Fr(data)14 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(elemen)o(ts)h(of)f(input)h(bu\013er) 117 2059 y(IN)171 b Fx(function)418 b Fr(user)15 b(de\014ned)g (function)117 2135 y(IN)171 b Fx(ro)q(ot)492 b Fr(rank)14 b(of)f(ro)q(ot)h(pro)q(cess)i(\(in)o(teger\))117 2210 y(IN)171 b Fx(comm)454 b Fr(comm)o(unicator)11 b(\(handle\))75 2335 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 2335 15 2 v 17 w(USER)p 358 2335 V 17 w(REDUCE\(void*)f(sendbuf,)h(void*)g(recvbuf,)g(int)g (count,)393 2391 y(MPI)p 468 2391 V 17 w(Datatype)g(datatype,)f(void)i (function,)e(int)i(root,)f(MPI)p 1607 2391 V 17 w(Comm)g(comm\))75 2478 y(MPI)p 150 2478 V 17 w(USER)p 263 2478 V 16 w(REDUCE\(SENDBUF,)f (RECVBUF,)h(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(FUNCTION,)f(ROOT,)h(COMM,)393 2534 y(IERROR\))170 2591 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 2647 y(EXTERNAL)g(FUNCTION)170 2704 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g (ROOT,)g(COMM,)g(IERROR)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 95 103 95 102 bop 75 -100 a Ft(4.5.)29 b(GLOBAL)16 b(COMPUTE)f(OPERA)l(TIONS) 888 b FE(95)166 45 y(Similar)17 b(to)d(the)i(reduce)g(op)q(eration)f (function)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(except)h(that)e(a)h(user)h(supplied)h (function)f(is)75 102 y(used.)39 b Fx(function)15 b FE(is)f(a)e (function)i(with)g(three)f(argumen)o(ts.)18 b(A)c(C)f(protot)o(yp)q(e)f (for)g(suc)o(h)i(function)g(is)g Fp(void)75 158 y(f\()24 b(invec,)f(inoutvec,)f(*len\))p FE(.)d(Both)28 b Fx(invec)15 b FE(and)29 b Fx(inoutvec)16 b FE(are)e(arra)o(ys)e(with)29 b Fx(*len)15 b FE(en)o(tries.)20 b(The)75 214 y(function)f(computes)f (elemen)o(t-wise)h(a)f(comm)o(utativ)o(e)f(and)h(asso)q(ciativ)o(e)g (op)q(eration)g(on)g(eac)o(h)g(pair)g(of)75 271 y(en)o(tries)13 b(and)g(returns)g(the)f(result)i(in)26 b Fx(inoutvec)p FE(.)20 b(A)13 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928 y(apply)31 b Fx(function)17 b FE(to)d(c)o(h)o (unks)i(of)f(input.)75 1047 y Fx(Example)g(of)g(User-Reduce)75 1133 y FE(Compute)g(the)g(pro)q(duct)h(of)f(an)g(arra)o(y)f(of)g (complex)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)g(in)g(C.)75 1236 y Fp(typedef)23 b(struct)g(_complex)g({)170 1292 y(double)g(real,imag;)75 1349 y(})h(Complex;)75 1462 y(/*)g(the)f(user-defined)f(function)99 1518 y(*/)75 1631 y(void)h(myProd\()g(Complex)g(invec[],)g(Complex)g (inoutvec[],)f(int)i(*len)f(\))75 1687 y({)170 1744 y(int)h(i;)170 1800 y(Complex)f(c;)170 1913 y(for)h(\(i=0;)f(i<)h(*len;)f(++i\))g({) 266 1970 y(c.real)g(=)h(inoutvec[i].real*invec[i)o(].real)c(-)528 2026 y(inoutvec[i].imag*invec[i].ima)o(g;)266 2083 y(c.imag)j(=)h (inoutvec[i].real*invec[i)o(].imag)c(+)528 2139 y (inoutvec[i].imag*invec[i].rea)o(l;)266 2195 y(inoutvec[i])i(=)i(c;)170 2252 y(})75 2308 y(})75 2421 y(/*)g(and,)f(to)g(call)h(it...)99 2478 y(*/)75 2534 y(...)170 2647 y(/*)g(each)f(process)g(has)h(an)f (array)g(of)h(100)g(Complexes)194 2704 y(*/)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 96 104 96 103 bop 75 -100 a FE(96)703 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(4.)35 b(COLLECTIVE)16 b(COMMUNICA)l(TION)170 45 y Fp(Complex)23 b(a[100],)g(answer[100];)170 102 y(MPI_Datatype)g(ctype;)170 214 y(/*)h(explain)f(to)h(MPI)f(what)g(a)h("complex")f(is)g (\(remember,)g(this)g(is)h(C!\))194 271 y(*)g(Note)f(we)h(are)f 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b(of)h(elemen)o(ts)f(in)h(input)g(bu\013er)g(\(in)o(teger\))117 1419 y(IN)171 b Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)408 b Fr(data)14 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f (elemen)o(ts)h(of)f(input)h(bu\013er)117 1506 y(IN)171 b Fx(function)418 b Fr(user)15 b(de\014ned)g(function)117 1593 y(IN)171 b Fx(ro)q(ot)492 b Fr(rank)14 b(of)f(ro)q(ot)h(pro)q (cess)i(\(in)o(teger\))117 1680 y(IN)171 b Fx(comm)454 b Fr(comm)o(unicator)11 b(\(handle\))75 1810 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 1810 15 2 v 17 w(USER)p 358 1810 V 17 w(REDUCEA\(void*)f (sendbuf,)h(void*)g(recvbuf,)g(int)g(count,)393 1866 y(MPI)p 468 1866 V 17 w(Datatype)g(datatype,)f(void)i(function,)e(int)i (root,)f(MPI)p 1607 1866 V 17 w(Comm)g(comm\))75 1959 y(MPI)p 150 1959 V 17 w(USER)p 263 1959 V 16 w(REDUCEA\(SENDBUF,)f (RECVBUF,)h(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(FUNCTION,)f(ROOT,)h(COMM,)393 2015 y(IERROR\))170 2072 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 2128 y(EXTERNAL)g(FUNCTION)170 2185 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g (ROOT,)g(COMM,)g(IERROR)166 2277 y FE(Iden)o(tical)16 b(to)f 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y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 97 105 97 104 bop 75 -100 a Ft(4.5.)34 b(GLOBAL)16 b(COMPUTE)f(OPERA)l(TIONS) 883 b FE(97)166 45 y Fo(Implemen)o(tati)o(on)17 b(note:)52 b Fr(The)19 b(addition)e(of)g(the)i(third)f(argumen)o(t,)36 b Fm(*len)18 b Fr(in)36 b Fm(function)19 b Fr(allo)o(w)d(the)75 102 y(system)d(to)g(a)o(v)o(oid)f(calling)26 b Fm(function)14 b 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y FE(The)k(\\A")g(v)o(ersion)g(of)g Fx(MPI)p 645 938 V 16 w(USER)p 773 938 V 17 w(REDUCE)p 966 938 V 18 w(SCA)l(TTER)p FE(.)75 1156 y Fq(4.5.5)49 b(Scan)75 1322 y Fx(MPI)p 160 1322 V 16 w(SCAN\()15 b(sendbuf,)j (recvbuf,)d(count,)h(datat)o(yp)q(e,)h(op,)e(comm)e(\))117 1416 y Fr(IN)171 b Fx(sendbuf)428 b Fr(starting)14 b(address)h(of)f (send)g(bu\013er)h(\(c)o(hoice\))117 1525 y(OUT)124 b Fx(recvbuf)434 b Fr(starting)14 b(address)h(of)f(receiv)o(e)h(bu\013er) g(\(c)o(hoice\))117 1634 y(IN)171 b Fx(count)466 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er) 13 b(of)h(elemen)o(ts)f(in)h(input)g(bu\013er)g(\(in)o(teger\))117 1743 y(IN)171 b Fx(datat)o(yp)q(e)408 b Fr(data)14 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f (elemen)o(ts)h(of)f(input)h(bu\013er)117 1852 y(IN)171 b Fx(op)525 b Fr(op)q(eration)117 1960 y(IN)171 b Fx(comm)454 b Fr(comm)o(unicator)11 b(\(handle\))75 2102 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 2102 15 2 v 17 w(SCAN\(void*)g(sendbuf,)f(void*)i(recvbuf,) e(int)i(count,)393 2158 y(MPI)p 468 2158 V 17 w(Datatype)f(datatype,)f 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1531 2704 V 16 w(REDUCE)p FE(.)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 101 109 101 108 bop 75 -100 a Ft(4.5.)34 b(GLOBAL)16 b(COMPUTE)f(OPERA)l(TIONS) 860 b FE(101)75 45 y Fx(MPI)p 160 45 14 2 v 16 w(USER)p 288 45 V 17 w(SCAN\()16 b(sendbuf,)h(recvbuf,)f(count,)g(datat)o(yp)q (e,)g(function,)g(comm\))117 123 y Fr(IN)171 b 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y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 102 110 102 109 bop 75 -100 a FE(102)680 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(4.)35 b(COLLECTIVE)16 b(COMMUNICA)l(TION)75 45 y Fv(4.6)59 b(Co)n(rrectness)75 148 y Fq(4.6.1)49 b(Synchronization)18 b(Side-E\013ects)75 234 y FE(A)13 b(correct)f(program)g(should)i(in)o (v)o(ok)o(e)f(collectiv)o(e)h(comm)o(unications)g(so)e(that)g(deadlo)q (c)o(k)i(will)g(not)f(o)q(ccur,)75 290 y(whether)f(collectiv)o(e)h (comm)o(unication)g(is)f(sync)o(hronizing)h(or)f(not.)18 b(The)12 b(follo)o(wing)g(examples)h(illustrate)75 347 y(dangerous)i(use)h(of)e(collectiv)o(e)j(routines.)166 403 y(The)e(follo)o(wing)h(example)g(illustrates)h(an)e(erroneous)g (program.)75 499 y Fp(/*)24 b(Example)e(A)i(*/)75 555 y(switch\(rank\))147 611 y({)147 668 y(case)f(0:)g({)h (MPI_Bcast\(var1,)e(count,)h(type,)g(0,)h(comm\);)385 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y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 103 111 103 110 bop 75 -100 a Ft(4.6.)34 b(CORRECTNESS)1280 b FE(103)166 45 y(Tw)o(o)14 b(p)q(ossible)i(executions,)g(with)f (di\013eren)o(t)g(matc)o(hings)g(of)f(sends)h(and)g(receiv)o(es)h(are)f (illustrated)75 102 y(b)q(elo)o(w.)337 207 y Fp(First)24 b(Execution)170 320 y(0)311 b(1)357 b(2)648 376 y(/-----)47 b(send)457 432 y(recv)23 b(<-/)75 489 y(broadcast)118 b(broadcast)166 b(broadcast)123 545 y(send)23 b(---\\)337 602 y(\\-->)h(recv)337 707 y(Second)g(Execution)147 820 y(0)334 b(1)357 b(2)75 876 y(broadcast)123 933 y(send)23 b(---\\)337 989 y(\\-->)48 b(recv)433 1046 y(broadcast)166 b(broadcast)719 1102 y(/---)47 b(send)481 1159 y(recv)23 b(<---/)166 1264 y FE(Note)16 b(that)g(the)h(second)g(execution)h(has)f (the)f(p)q(eculiar)j(e\013ect)e(that)f(a)g(send)h(executed)h(after)e (the)75 1320 y(broadcast)i(is)h(receiv)o(ed)g(at)f(another)g(no)q(de)h (b)q(efore)g(the)f(broadcast.)29 b(This)19 b(example)g(illustrates)h (the)75 1377 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y(in)d(example)g(B)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o (e,)f(the)g(\014rst)g(pro)q(cess)h(ma)o(y)f(receiv)o(e)h(a)f(message)g (sen)o(t)g(with)h(the)f(con)o(text)g(of)g(com-)75 603 y(m)o(unicator)32 b Fx(comm)14 b FE(while)j(it)f(is)g(executing)h(a)f (broadcast)f(with)h(the)g(same)g(comm)o(unicator.)22 b(It)15 b(is)i(the)75 659 y(implemen)o(tor's)f(resp)q(onsibilit)o(y)h (to)e(ensure)h(this)f(will)i(not)e(cause)g(an)o(y)g(confusion.)166 792 y Fo(Implemen)o(tati)o(on)21 b(note:)65 b Fr(Assume)22 b(that)f(collectiv)o(e)g(comm)o(unications)d(are)k(implemen)o(ted)d (using)75 841 y(p)q(oin)o(t-to-p)q(oin)o(t)e(MPI)i(comm)o(unication.)29 b(Then,)20 b(in)e(order)i(to)e(a)o(v)o(oid)g(confusion,)h(whenev)o(er)h (a)e(comm)o(unica-)75 891 y(tor)g(is)f(created,)i(a)e(\\hidden)h(comm)o (unicator")c(need)19 b(b)q(e)f(created)h(for)e(collectiv)o(e)g(comm)o (unication.)26 b(A)17 b(direct)75 941 y(implemen)o(tatio)o(n)11 b(of)i(MPI)h(collectiv)o(e)g(comm)o(unicatio)o(n)d(can)j(ac)o(hiev)o(e) 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bop 75 357 a Fw(Chapter)34 b(5)75 565 y FA(Groups,)40 b(Con)m(texts,)75 690 y(Comm)m(unicators,)g(and)g(Cac)m(heing)75 931 y Fv(5.1)59 b(Intro)r(duction)75 1034 y FE(W)l(e)18 b(b)q(egin)h(this)g(c)o(hapter)f(with)g(a)g(p)q(ersp)q(ectiv)o(e)i(of)d (wh)o(y)h(MPI)g(has)g(included)j(features)c(that)h(are)f(not)75 1091 y(found)11 b(in)h(existing)f(v)o(endor)g(systems,)g(and)f(wh)o(y)h (these)g(are)f(imp)q(ortan)o(t.)18 b(One)12 b(of)e(the)h(main)g(motiv)m (ations)75 1147 y(for)f(the)h(features)g(describ)q(ed)i(here)f(is)f(to) f(allo)o(w)i(for)e(the)h(systematic)g(dev)o(elopmen)o(t)h(of)e (parallel)j(libraries.)75 1273 y Fq(5.1.1)49 b(Why)16 b(w)o(e)g(need)g(lib)o(ra)o(ries)75 1360 y FE(P)o(arallel)k(libraries)g (are)e(needed)i(to)e(encapsulate)i(the)f(distracting)g(complications)h (asso)q(ciated)f(with)75 1417 y(distributed)f(realizations)f(of)e(k)o (ey)h(algorithms.)23 b(They)16 b(ensure)h(consisten)o(t)f(correctness)g (of)g(suc)o(h)g(pro-)75 1473 y(cedures,)h(and)g(pro)o(vide)g(a)f 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y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 106 114 106 113 bop 75 -100 a FE(106)87 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(5.)35 b(GR)o(OUPS,)15 b(CONTEXTS,)g(COMMUNICA)l(TORS,)h(AND)f(CA)o(CHEING)75 45 y FE(names)e(for)f(pro)q(cesses)i(that)e(someho)o(w)g(re\015ect)i (the)f(relationship)i(of)d(pro)q(cesses)i(to)e(one)h(another)g(in)h (the)75 102 y(distributed)20 b(data)e(structure)g(natural)g(to)g(an)g (algorithm.)29 b(Libraries)20 b(\(or)d(program)h(mo)q(dules\))h(that)75 158 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g(o)o(wn)g(data)g(structures.)75 1030 y Fq(5.1.4)49 b(What)16 b(these)f(features)g(a)o(re)g(called)i(in)g(MPI)75 1119 y FE(The)e(features)g(that)g(implemen)o(t)h(these)g(imp)q(ortan)o(t)e (concepts)i(are)f(as)g(follo)o(ws,)g(in)h(MPI:)143 1218 y FC(\017)23 b Fz(Con)o(texts)18 b FE(pro)o(vide)j(the)e(abilit)o(y)i (to)e(ha)o(v)o(e)g(separate)g(safe)h(\\univ)o(erses")g(of)f (message-passing)189 1275 y(in)g(MPI.)g(A)g(con)o(text)f(is)h (something)g(lik)o(e)h(an)f(additional)i(tag)c(that)i(di\013eren)o (tiates)g(messages,)189 1331 y(but)g(the)f(system)h(manages)f(it,)h (and)g(the)g(user)g(nev)o(er)g(manipulates)h(con)o(texts.)30 b(W)l(e)19 b(sa)o(y)f(that)189 1388 y(comm)o(unicators)11 b(\(b)q(elo)o(w\))g(are)g(a)g(sp)q(eci\014c)j(con)o(text)c(of)h(comm)o (unication,)i(when)f(w)o(e)f(are)g(sp)q(eaking)189 1444 y(lo)q(osely)l(.)21 b(The)15 b(use)g(of)g(separate)g(comm)o(unication)g (con)o(texts)g(b)o(y)g(distinct)h(libraries)h(\(or)d(distinct)189 1501 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y Fx(MPI)p 160 1584 14 2 v 16 w(COMM)p 318 1584 V 16 w(GROUP)12 b FE(\(see)f(b)q(elo)o(w\).)18 b(MPI)11 b(do)q(es)f(not)h(sp)q(ecify)g(the)g(corresp)q(ondence)h(b)q (et)o(w)o(een)e(the)h(pro-)75 1640 y(cess)g(rank)g(in)g Fm(MPI)p 388 1640 13 2 v 14 w(COMM)p 532 1640 V 15 w(W)o(ORLD)g FE(and)g(its)g(\(mac)o(hine-dep)q(enden)o(t\))h(absolute)g(address.)18 b(Neither)12 b(do)q(es)75 1697 y(MPI)k(sp)q(ecify)i(the)e(function)h (of)e(the)i(host)e(pro)q(cess,)h(if)h(an)o(y)l(.)23 b(An)16 b(inquiry)i(function)f Fx(MPI)p 1636 1697 14 2 v 15 w(GET)p 1739 1697 V 17 w(HOST)75 1753 y FE(is)i(pro)o(vided)g(in)g(Chapter)f(7) g(so)g(that)f(MPI)i(programs)e(can)h(determine)h(if)g(there)g(is)f(a)g (host)g(pro)q(cess,)75 1809 y(and)13 b(\014nd)g(its)g(rank)f(in)h Fm(MPI)p 539 1809 13 2 v 15 w(COMM)p 684 1809 V 14 w(W)o(ORLD)g FE(if)g(it)g(should)g(exist.)20 b(Other)12 b(implemen)o(tation-dep)q (end)q(en)o(t,)75 1866 y(prede\014ned)17 b(comm)o(unicators)e(ma)o(y)f (also)h(b)q(e)h(pro)o(vided.)75 2011 y Fv(5.3)59 b(Group)20 b(Management)75 2113 y FE(This)g(section)h(describ)q(es)g(the)f (manipulation)h(of)e(pro)q(cess)h(groups)g(in)g(MPI.)f(These)h(op)q (erations)g(are)75 2169 y(lo)q(cal)c(and)g(their)f(execution)i(do)e (not)g(require)h(in)o(terpro)q(cess)f(comm)o(unication.)75 2292 y Fq(5.3.1)49 b(Group)16 b(Accesso)o(rs)75 2426 y Fx(MPI)p 160 2426 14 2 v 16 w(GROUP)p 328 2426 V 18 w(SIZE\(group,)e(size\))117 2503 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(group)479 b Fr(group)14 b(\(handle\))117 2579 y(OUT)108 b Fx(size)519 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(pro)q(cesses)i(in)e(the)g(group)g(\(in)o (teger\))75 2704 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 2704 15 2 v 17 w(Group)p 382 2704 V 17 w(size\(MPI)p 591 2704 V 16 w(Group)g(group,)g(int)g(*size\))1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 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(cess)i(is)d(not)h(a)f(mem)o(b)q(er)f(\(in-)905 502 y(teger\))75 627 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 627 15 2 v 17 w(Group)p 382 627 V 17 w(rank\(MPI)p 591 627 V 16 w(Group)g(group,)g(int)g(*rank\))75 714 y(MPI)p 150 714 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 714 V 16 w(RANK\(GROUP,)g(RANK,) g(IERROR\))170 770 y(INTEGER)g(GROUP,)g(RANK,)h(IERROR)75 904 y Fx(MPI)p 160 904 14 2 v 16 w(GROUP)p 328 904 V 18 w(TRANSLA)l(TE)p 602 904 V 17 w(RANKS)16 b(\(group1,)e(n,)h(ranks1,) g(group2,)g(ranks2\))117 982 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(group1)456 b Fr(group1)14 b(\(handle\))117 1058 y(IN)155 b Fx(n)564 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)11 b(of)h(ranks)g(in)23 b Fm(ranks1)13 b Fr(and)f Fm(ranks2)g Fr(arra)o(ys)g(\(in)o(teger\))117 1134 y(IN)155 b Fx(ranks1)464 b Fr(arra)o(y)14 b(of)f(zero)i(or)f(more) f(v)n(alid)f(ranks)i(in)g(group1)117 1209 y(IN)155 b Fx(group2)456 b Fr(group2)14 b(\(handle\))117 1285 y(OUT)108 b Fx(ranks2)464 b Fr(arra)o(y)64 b(of)f(corresp)q(onding)i(ranks)f(in)g (group2,)905 1342 y Fm(MPI)p 982 1342 13 2 v 15 w(UNDEFINED)12 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2076 y(are)h(used)g(as)g(argumen)o(ts)f (in)i(comm)o(unicator-building)i(functions.)i(MPI)15 b(do)q(es)h(not)e(pro)o(vide)i(a)f(mec)o(h-)75 2132 y(anism)h(to)g (build)i(a)e(group)g(from)f(scratc)o(h,)h(but)g(only)g(from)g(other,)f (previously)j(de\014ned)f(groups.)23 b(The)75 2189 y(base)13 b(group,)g(up)q(on)h(whic)o(h)g(all)g(other)f(groups)g(are)g (de\014ned,)i(is)e(the)h(group)f(asso)q(ciated)g(with)h(the)f(initial) 75 2245 y(comm)o(unicator)e Fx(MPI)p 453 2245 14 2 v 16 w(COMM)p 611 2245 V 17 w(W)o(ORLD)g FE(\(accessible)i(through)f(the) g(function)g Fx(MPI)p 1520 2245 V 16 w(COMM)p 1678 2245 V 16 w(GROUP)p FE(\).)75 2349 y Fx(MPI)p 160 2349 V 16 w(GROUP)p 328 2349 V 18 w(UNION\(group1,)i(group2,)h(newgroup\))117 2427 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(group1)456 b Fr(\014rst)15 b(group)f(\(handle\)) 117 2503 y(IN)155 b Fx(group2)456 b Fr(second)15 b(group)f(\(handle\)) 117 2579 y(OUT)108 b Fx(newgroup)405 b Fr(union)14 b(group)f (\(handle\))75 2704 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 2704 15 2 v 17 w(Group)p 382 2704 V 17 w(union\(MPI)p 615 2704 V 16 w(group)g(group1,)g(MPI)p 1037 2704 V 17 w(group)g(group2,)g(MPI)p 1460 2704 V 16 w(Group)h(*newgroup\))-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 110 118 110 117 bop 75 -100 a FE(110)87 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(5.)35 b(GR)o(OUPS,)15 b(CONTEXTS,)g(COMMUNICA)l(TORS,)h(AND)f(CA)o(CHEING)75 45 y Fp(MPI)p 150 45 15 2 v 17 w(GROUP)p 287 45 V 16 w(UNION\(GROUP1,)22 b(GROUP2,)h(NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR\))170 102 y(INTEGER)g(GROUP1,)g(GROUP2,)g(NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR)75 250 y Fx(MPI)p 160 250 14 2 v 16 w(GROUP)p 328 250 V 18 w(INTERSECTION\(group1,)15 b(group2,)f(newgroup\))117 342 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(group1)456 b Fr(\014rst)15 b(group)f(\(handle\)) 117 447 y(IN)155 b Fx(group2)456 b Fr(second)15 b(group)f(\(handle\)) 117 551 y(OUT)108 b Fx(newgroup)405 b Fr(in)o(tersection)15 b(group)f(\(handle\))75 691 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 691 15 2 v 17 w(Group)p 382 691 V 17 w(intersection\(MPI)p 783 691 V 15 w(group)g(group1,)g(MPI)p 1204 691 V 17 w(group)g(group2,)393 747 y(MPI)p 468 747 V 17 w(Group)g(*newgroup\))75 848 y(MPI)p 150 848 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 848 V 16 w (INTERSECTION\(GROUP1,)e(GROUP2,)i(NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR\))170 905 y(INTEGER)g(GROUP1,)g(GROUP2,)g(NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR)75 1053 y Fx(MPI)p 160 1053 14 2 v 16 w(GROUP)p 328 1053 V 18 w(DIFFERENCE\(group1,)14 b(group2,)g(newgroup\))117 1145 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(group1)456 b Fr(\014rst)15 b(group)f(\(handle\)) 117 1250 y(IN)155 b Fx(group2)456 b Fr(second)15 b(group)f(\(handle\)) 117 1355 y(OUT)108 b Fx(newgroup)405 b Fr(di\013erence)16 b(group)e(\(handle\))75 1494 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 1494 15 2 v 17 w(Group)p 382 1494 V 17 w(difference\(MPI)p 735 1494 V 15 w(group)g(group1,)g(MPI)p 1156 1494 V 17 w(group)g(group2,)393 1550 y(MPI)p 468 1550 V 17 w(Group)g(*newgroup\)) 75 1652 y(MPI)p 150 1652 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 1652 V 16 w(DIFFERENCE\(GROUP1,)f(GROUP2,)h(NEWGROUP,)f(IERROR\))170 1708 y(INTEGER)h(GROUP1,)g(GROUP2,)g(NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR)75 1809 y FE(The)15 b(set-lik)o(e)i(op)q(erations)e(are)g(de\014ned)i(as)d (follo)o(ws:)75 1962 y Fz(union)24 b FE(All)19 b(elemen)o(ts)g(of)f (the)h(\014rst)f(group)g(\()p Fx(group1)p FE(\),)g(follo)o(w)o(ed)h(b)o (y)f(all)h(elemen)o(ts)g(of)f(second)h(group)189 2019 y(\()p Fx(group2)p FE(\))14 b(not)h(in)h(\014rst.)75 2172 y Fz(in)o(tersect)23 b FE(all)18 b(elemen)o(ts)h(of)e(the)g 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y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 111 119 111 118 bop 75 -100 a Ft(5.3.)34 b(GR)o(OUP)15 b(MANA)o(GEMENT)1093 b FE(111)75 45 y Fx(MPI)p 160 45 14 2 v 16 w(GROUP)p 328 45 V 18 w(INCL\(group,)13 b(n,)j(ranks,)f(newgroup\))117 144 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(group)479 b Fr(group)14 b(\(handle\))117 262 y(IN)155 b Fx(n)564 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)16 b(of)h(elemen)o(ts)g (in)f(arra)o(y)h(ranks)g(\(and)g(size)h(of)e Fm(new-)905 318 y(group)p Fr(\))117 437 y(IN)155 b Fx(ranks)487 b Fr(ranks)13 b(of)f(pro)q(cesses)i(in)e Fm(group)h Fr(to)f(app)q(ear)h (in)f Fm(newgroup)i Fr(\(ar-)905 493 y(ra)o(y)g(of)f(in)o(tegers\))117 611 y(OUT)108 b Fx(newgroup)405 b Fr(new)12 b(group)f(deriv)o(ed)h (from)e(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)h(in)g(the)h(order)h(de\014ned)f(b)o(y)905 668 y Fm(ranks)75 814 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 814 15 2 v 17 w(Group)p 382 814 V 17 w(incl\(MPI)p 591 814 V 16 w(group)g(group,)g(int)g(n,)h(int)g(*ranks,)e(MPI)p 1442 814 V 17 w(Group)h(*newgroup\))75 922 y(MPI)p 150 922 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 922 V 16 w(INCL\(GROUP,)g(N,)g(RANKS,)g (NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR\))170 978 y(INTEGER)g(GROUP,)g(N,)h(RANKS,)f (NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR)166 1086 y FE(The)17 b(function)h Fx(MPI)p 526 1086 14 2 v 16 w(GROUP)p 694 1086 V 18 w(INCL)f FE(creates)g(a)g(group)f Fx(newgroup)i FE(that)f(consists)g(of)g(the)g Fx(n)h FE(pro-)75 1142 y(cesses)e(in)h Fx(group)f FE(with)h(ranks)e Fx(rank[0],)p Fy(:)8 b(:)g(:)n Fx(,)16 b(rank[n-1])p FE(;)g(the)h(pro)q(cess)f(with)g(rank)g Fx(i)g FE(in)h Fx(newgroup)f FE(is)h(the)75 1199 y(pro)q(cess)e(with)f(rank)h Fx(ranks[i])g FE(in)g Fx(group)p FE(.)k(Eac)o(h)c(of)f(the)g Fx(n)h FE(elemen)o(ts)g(of)f Fx(ranks)h FE(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(a)f(v)m (alid)i(rank)e(in)75 1255 y Fx(group)j FE(and)f(all)i(elemen)o(ts)f(m)o (ust)g(b)q(e)g(distinct,)h(or)e(else)h(the)g(program)f(is)h(erroneous.) 24 b(If)17 b Fx(n)g FE(=)32 b(0,)17 b(then)75 1312 y Fx(newgroup)i FE(is)f(empt)o(y)l(.)29 b(This)18 b(function)h(can,)g (for)e(instance,)i(b)q(e)g(used)g(to)e(reorder)h(the)g(elemen)o(ts)h (of)e(a)75 1368 y(group.)75 1493 y Fx(MPI)p 160 1493 V 16 w(GROUP)p 328 1493 V 18 w(EX)o(CL\(group,)d(n,)h(ranks,)g (newgroup\))117 1592 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(group)479 b Fr(group)14 b(\(handle\))117 1710 y(IN)155 b Fx(n)564 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(elemen)o(ts)f(in)h(arra)o(y)f(ranks)117 1828 y(IN)155 b Fx(ranks)487 b Fr(arra)o(y)15 b(of)f(in)o(teger)i(ranks)f(in)g Fm(group)g Fr(not)g(to)g(app)q(ear)g(in)g Fm(new-)905 1885 y(group)117 2003 y Fr(OUT)108 b Fx(newgroup)405 b Fr(new)18 b(group)g(deriv)o(ed)g(from)e(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)i(preserving) h(the)f(order)905 2059 y(de\014ned)d(b)o(y)28 b Fm(group)14 b Fr(\(handle\))75 2205 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 2205 15 2 v 17 w(Group)p 382 2205 V 17 w(excl\(MPI)p 591 2205 V 16 w(group)g(group,)g(int)g(n,)h(int)g(*ranks,)e(MPI)p 1442 2205 V 17 w(Group)h(*newgroup\))75 2313 y(MPI)p 150 2313 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 2313 V 16 w(EXCL\(GROUP,)g(N,)g(RANKS,)g (NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR\))170 2370 y(INTEGER)g(GROUP,)g(N,)h(RANKS,)f (NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR)166 2478 y FE(The)12 b(function)h Fx(MPI)p 516 2478 14 2 v 16 w(GROUP)p 684 2478 V 17 w(EX)o(CL)f FE(creates)g(a)f(group)h(of)g(pro)q(cesses)g Fx(newgroup)h FE(that)e(is)h(obtained)75 2534 y(b)o(y)k(deleting)i(from)e Fx(group)g FE(those)g(pro)q(cesses)h(with)f(ranks)g Fx(ranks[0])h(,)p Fy(:)8 b(:)g(:)14 b Fx(ranks[n-1])p FE(.)24 b(The)17 b(ordering)f(of)75 2591 y(pro)q(cesses)f(in)h Fx(newgroup)g FE(is)f(iden)o(tical)i(to)e(the)g(ordering)g(in)h Fx(group)p FE(.)j(Eac)o(h)c(of)g(the)g Fx(n)g FE(elemen)o(ts)h(of)e Fx(ranks)75 2647 y FE(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)h(a)f(v)m(alid)i(rank)e(in)h Fx(group)f FE(and)h(all)g(elemen)o(ts)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(distinct;)g (otherwise,)f(the)g(program)f(is)75 2704 y(erroneous.)20 b(If)15 b Fx(n)h FE(=)28 b(0,)14 b(then)i Fx(newgroup)g FE(is)g(iden)o(tical)h(to)d Fx(group)p FE(.)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 112 120 112 119 bop 75 -100 a FE(112)87 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(5.)35 b(GR)o(OUPS,)15 b(CONTEXTS,)g(COMMUNICA)l(TORS,)h(AND)f(CA)o(CHEING)75 45 y Fx(MPI)p 160 45 14 2 v 16 w(GROUP)p 328 45 V 18 w(RANGE)p 494 45 V 17 w(INCL\(group,)f(n,)h(ranges,)g(newgroup\))117 122 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(group)479 b Fr(group)14 b(\(handle\))117 197 y(IN)155 b Fx(n)564 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(triplets)g(in)f (arra)o(y)28 b Fm(ranges)14 b Fr(\(in)o(teger\))117 272 y(IN)155 b Fx(ranges)466 b Fr(a)11 b(one-dimensional)e(arra)o(y)i(of)g (in)o(teger)g(triplets,)h(of)f(the)h(form)905 328 y(\(\014rst)i(rank,)e (last)g(rank,)h(stride\))g(indicating)e(ranks)i(in)f Fm(group)905 385 y Fr(or)i(pro)q(cesses)j(to)c(b)q(e)i(included)f(in)f Fm(newgroup)117 460 y Fr(OUT)108 b Fx(newgroup)405 b Fr(new)12 b(group)f(deriv)o(ed)h(from)e(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)h(in)g(the)h (order)h(de\014ned)f(b)o(y)905 516 y Fm(ranges)j Fr(\(handle\))75 641 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 641 15 2 v 17 w(Group)p 382 641 V 17 w(range)p 519 641 V 16 w(incl\(MPI)p 727 641 V 16 w(group)g(group,)h(int)f(n,)h(int)f(**ranges,)393 697 y(MPI)p 468 697 V 17 w(Group)g(*newgroup\))75 784 y(MPI)p 150 784 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 784 V 16 w(RANGE)p 423 784 V 17 w(INCL\(GROUP,)f(N,)i(RANGES,)f(NEWGROUP,)f(IERROR\))170 840 y(INTEGER)h(GROUP,)g(N,)h(RANGES\(*,*\),)e(NEWGROUP,)h(IERROR)75 927 y FE(If)31 b Fx(ranges)15 b FE(consist)g(of)g(the)h(triplets)497 1027 y(\()p Fy(f)5 b(ir)q(st)617 1034 y Fj(1)637 1027 y Fy(;)j(l)q(ast)734 1034 y Fj(1)753 1027 y Fy(;)g(str)q(ide)894 1034 y Fj(1)913 1027 y FE(\))p Fy(;)g(:::;)f FE(\()p Fy(f)e(irst)1130 1034 y Fi(n)1152 1027 y Fy(;)j(l)q(ast)1249 1034 y Fi(n)1272 1027 y Fy(;)g(str)q(ide)1413 1034 y Fi(n)1436 1027 y FE(\))75 1128 y(then)16 b Fx(newgroup)f FE(consists)h(of)f(the)g(sequence)h(of)f(pro)q(cesses)h(in)g Fx(group)f FE(with)g(ranks)349 1247 y Fy(f)5 b(ir)q(st)451 1254 y Fj(1)471 1247 y Fy(;)j(f)d(ir)q(st)594 1254 y Fj(1)623 1247 y FE(+)11 b Fy(str)q(ide)789 1254 y Fj(1)808 1247 y Fy(;)d(:::;)g(f)d(ir)q(st)991 1254 y Fj(1)1019 1247 y FE(+)1064 1187 y Fh(\026)1093 1216 y Fy(l)q(ast)1169 1223 y Fj(1)1199 1216 y FC(\000)11 b Fy(f)5 b(ir)q(st)1347 1223 y Fj(1)p 1093 1236 274 2 v 1160 1278 a Fy(str)q(ide)1280 1285 y Fj(1)1372 1187 y Fh(\027)1404 1247 y Fy(str)q(ide)1524 1254 y Fj(1)1543 1247 y Fy(;)j(:::)358 1396 y(f)d(ir)q(st)460 1403 y Fi(n)484 1396 y Fy(;)j(f)d(ir)q(st)607 1403 y Fi(n)640 1396 y FE(+)11 b Fy(str)q(ide)806 1403 y Fi(n)829 1396 y Fy(;)d(:::;)g(f)d(ir)q(st)1012 1403 y Fi(n)1043 1396 y FE(+)1089 1336 y Fh(\026)1118 1365 y Fy(l)q(ast)1194 1372 y Fi(n)1228 1365 y FC(\000)10 b Fy(f)5 b(ir)q(st)1375 1372 y Fi(n)p 1118 1385 282 2 v 1187 1427 a Fy(str)q(ide)1307 1434 y Fi(n)1404 1336 y Fh(\027)1436 1396 y Fy(str)q(ide)1556 1403 y Fi(n)1579 1396 y Fy(:)75 1496 y FE(Eac)o(h)12 b(computed)g(rank)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(a)f(v)m(alid)h(rank)f(in)h Fx(group)f FE(and)g(all)h(computed)f(ranks)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i (distinct,)75 1553 y(else)18 b(the)e(program)g(is)h(erroneous.)24 b(Note)16 b(that)g(w)o(e)h(ma)o(y)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g Fy(f)5 b(ir)q(st)1288 1560 y Fi(i)1317 1553 y Fy(>)16 b(l)q(ast)1444 1560 y Fi(i)1458 1553 y FE(,)h(and)g Fy(str)q(ide)1698 1560 y Fi(i)1728 1553 y FE(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)75 1609 y(negativ)o(e,)f(but) g(cannot)g(b)q(e)h(zero.)166 1666 y(The)i(functionalit)o(y)h(of)e(this) i(routine)f(is)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(to)d(b)q(e)i(equiv)m(alen)o(t)g(to)e (expanding)i(the)f(arra)o(y)75 1722 y(of)g(ranges)g(to)g(an)h(arra)o(y) e(of)h(the)h(included)i(ranks)d(and)h(passing)g(the)g(resulting)g(arra) o(y)e(of)i(ranks)f(and)75 1778 y(other)e(argumen)o(ts)g(to)g Fx(MPI)p 560 1778 14 2 v 16 w(GROUP)p 728 1778 V 18 w(INCL)p FE(.)g(A)g(call)i(to)e Fx(MPI)p 1148 1778 V 16 w(GROUP)p 1316 1778 V 18 w(INCL)g FE(is)h(equiv)m(alen)o(t)h(to)e(a)h(call)75 1835 y(to)e Fx(MPI)p 216 1835 V 16 w(GROUP)p 384 1835 V 18 w(RANGE)p 550 1835 V 18 w(INCL)g FE(with)i(eac)o(h)f(rank)g Fx(i)g FE(in)h Fx(ranks)f FE(replaced)i(b)o(y)e(the)g(triplet)h Fp(\(i,i,1\))e FE(in)75 1891 y(the)g(argumen)o(t)g Fx(ranges)p FE(.)75 1995 y Fx(MPI)p 160 1995 V 16 w(GROUP)p 328 1995 V 18 w(RANGE)p 494 1995 V 17 w(EX)o(CL\(group,)g(n,)g(ranges,)g (newgroup\))117 2072 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(group)479 b Fr(group)14 b(\(handle\))117 2147 y(IN)155 b Fx(n)564 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(elemen)o(ts)f(in)h(arra)o(y)f(ranks)i(\(in)o(teger\))117 2222 y(IN)155 b Fx(ranges)466 b Fr(a)13 b(one-dimensional)d(arra)o(y)j (of)f(in)o(teger)h(triplets)g(of)f(the)i(form)905 2278 y(\(\014rst)j(rank,)f(last)g(rank,)g(stride\),)h(indicating)e(the)i (ranks)f(in)905 2335 y Fm(group)22 b Fr(of)f(pro)q(cesses)j(to)d(b)q(e) h(excluded)g(from)e(the)i(output)905 2391 y(group)14 b Fm(newgroup)p Fr(.)117 2466 y(OUT)108 b Fx(newgroup)405 b Fr(new)18 b(group)g(deriv)o(ed)g(from)e(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)i(preserving) h(the)f(order)905 2523 y(in)c Fm(group)g Fr(\(handle\))75 2647 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 2647 15 2 v 17 w(Group)p 382 2647 V 17 w(range)p 519 2647 V 16 w(excl\(MPI)p 727 2647 V 16 w(group)g(group,)h(int)f(n,)h(int)f(**ranges,)393 2704 y(MPI)p 468 2704 V 17 w(Group)g(*newgroup\))1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 113 121 113 120 bop 75 -100 a Ft(5.4.)34 b(COMMUNICA)l(TOR)16 b(MANA)o(GEMENT)860 b FE(113)75 45 y Fp(MPI)p 150 45 15 2 v 17 w(GROUP)p 287 45 V 16 w(RANGE)p 423 45 V 17 w(EXCL\(GROUP,)22 b(N,)i(RANGES,)f(NEWGROUP,)f(IERROR\))170 102 y(INTEGER)h(GROUP,)g(N,)h(RANGES\(*,*\),)e(NEWGROUP,)h(IERROR)75 191 y FE(Eac)o(h)12 b(computed)g(rank)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(a)f(v)m(alid) h(rank)f(in)h Fx(group)f FE(and)g(all)h(computed)f(ranks)g(m)o(ust)f(b) q(e)i(distinct,)75 248 y(or)i(else)h(the)f(program)f(is)i(erroneous.) 166 308 y(The)i(functionalit)o(y)h(of)e(this)i(routine)f(is)g(sp)q (eci\014ed)i(to)d(b)q(e)i(equiv)m(alen)o(t)g(to)e(expanding)i(the)f (arra)o(y)75 364 y(of)g(ranges)f(to)h(an)g(arra)o(y)f(of)h(the)g (excluded)i(ranks)e(and)g(passing)h(the)f(resulting)h(arra)o(y)e(of)h (ranks)g(and)75 421 y(other)c(argumen)o(ts)g(to)g Fx(MPI)p 554 421 14 2 v 16 w(GROUP)p 722 421 V 18 w(EX)o(CL)p FE(.)g(A)h(call)h(to)e Fx(MPI)p 1146 421 V 16 w(GROUP)p 1314 421 V 18 w(EX)o(CL)g FE(is)i(equiv)m(alen)o(t)g(to)e(a)h(call)75 477 y(to)g Fx(MPI)p 216 477 V 15 w(GROUP)p 383 477 V 18 w(RANGE)p 549 477 V 18 w(EX)o(CL)g FE(with)h(eac)o(h)f(rank)g Fx(i)g FE(in)h Fx(ranks)g FE(replaced)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(triplet)g Fp(\(i,i,1\))e FE(in)75 534 y(the)h(argumen)o(t)g Fx(ranges)p FE(.)166 593 y(Note:)20 b(the)c(range)g(op)q(erations)f(do)h(not)f (explicitly)k(en)o(umerate)d(ranks,)f(and)h(therefore)f(are)g(more)75 650 y(scalable)k(if)f(implemen)o(ted)h(e\016cien)o(tly)l(.)28 b(Hence,)18 b(w)o(e)f(recommend)h(MPI)f(programmers)f(to)h(use)h(them) 75 706 y(whenenev)o(er)e(p)q(ossible,)h(as)d(high-qualit)o(y)j (implemen)o(tations)g(will)g(tak)o(e)d(adv)m(an)o(tage)h(of)f(this)i (fact.)75 848 y Fq(5.3.3)49 b(Group)16 b(Destructo)o(rs)75 987 y Fx(MPI)p 160 987 V 16 w(GROUP)p 328 987 V 18 w(FREE\(group\))117 1068 y Fr(INOUT)62 b Fx(group)479 b Fr(group)14 b(\(handle\))75 1196 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 1196 15 2 v 17 w(Group)p 382 1196 V 17 w(free\(MPI)p 591 1196 V 16 w(group)g(*group\))75 1286 y(MPI)p 150 1286 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 1286 V 16 w(FREE\(GROUP,)g (IERROR\))170 1342 y(INTEGER)g(GROUP,)g(IERROR)166 1432 y FE(This)12 b(op)q(eration)g(marks)f(a)g(group)g(ob)s(ject)g(for)g (deallo)q(cation.)20 b(The)12 b(handle)h Fx(group)f FE(is)g(set)f(to)g (n)o(ull)i(b)o(y)75 1489 y(the)g(call.)20 b(The)13 b(group)f(ob)s(ject) g(is)h(actually)h(deallo)q(cated)g(only)f(if)g(there)g(are)f(no)g (other)h(activ)o(e)f(references)75 1545 y(to)j(it.)23 b(If)17 b(a)e(group)h(has)g(b)q(een)h(b)q(ound)g(to)f(one)g(or)g(more)f (comm)o(unicators,)h(then)g(the)g(user)h(has)e(to)h(free)75 1602 y(all)g(\\copies")g(of)e(the)i(group.)166 1737 y Fo(Implemen)o(tati)o(on)c(note:)166 1791 y Fr(One)18 b(can)f(k)o(eep)h(a)f(reference)i(coun)o(t)f(that)f(is)g(incremen)o (ted)h(for)e(eac)o(h)i(call)e(to)h Fm(MPI)p 1516 1791 13 2 v 15 w(COMM)p 1661 1791 V 14 w(MAKE)g Fr(and)75 1841 y Fm(MPI)p 152 1841 V 14 w(COMM)p 296 1841 V 15 w(DUP)p Fr(,)d(and)h(and)g(decremen)o(ted)i(for)e(eac)o(h)h(call)e(to)h Fm(MPI)p 1194 1841 V 15 w(GROUP)p 1351 1841 V 13 w(FREE)f Fr(or)h Fm(MPI)p 1606 1841 V 15 w(COMM)p 1751 1841 V 14 w(FREE)p Fr(;)75 1890 y(the)f(group)g(ob)r(ject)h(is)f(ultimately)d (deallo)q(cated)j(when)g(the)h(reference)h(coun)o(t)e(drops)h(to)f (zero.)75 2136 y Fv(5.4)59 b(Communicato)n(r)19 b(Management)75 2244 y FE(This)d(section)h(describ)q(es)g(the)f(manipulation)h(of)f (comm)o(unicators)f(in)i(MPI.)e(Op)q(erations)i(that)e(access)75 2300 y(comm)o(unicators)g(are)g(lo)q(cal)h(and)f(their)h(execution)g (do)q(es)g(not)f(require)h(in)o(terpro)q(cess)g(comm)o(unication.)75 2357 y(Op)q(erations)22 b(that)e(create)h(comm)o(unicators)g(are)g (collectiv)o(e)i(and)e(ma)o(y)f(require)i(in)o(terpro)q(cess)g(com-)75 2413 y(m)o(unication.)28 b(\(High)18 b(qualit)o(y)g(implemen)o(tations) g(will)h(b)q(e)g(able)f(to)f(amortize)g(these)h(o)o(v)o(erheads)f(o)o (v)o(er)75 2470 y(sev)o(eral)e(calls.\))75 2611 y Fq(5.4.1)49 b(Communicato)o(r)16 b(Accesso)o(rs)75 2704 y FE(The)f(follo)o(wing)h (are)f(all)h(lo)q(cal)h(op)q(erations.)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 114 122 114 121 bop 75 -100 a FE(114)87 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(5.)35 b(GR)o(OUPS,)15 b(CONTEXTS,)g(COMMUNICA)l(TORS,)h(AND)f(CA)o(CHEING)75 45 y Fx(MPI)p 160 45 14 2 v 16 w(COMM)p 318 45 V 16 w(SIZE\(comm,)e (size\))117 127 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(comm)470 b Fr(comm)o(unicator)11 b(\(handle\))117 211 y(OUT)108 b Fx(size)519 b Fr(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)13 b(of)h(pro)q(cesses)i(in)e(the)g(group)g(of)27 b Fm(comm)12 b Fr(\(in)o(teger\))75 340 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 340 15 2 v 17 w(Comm)p 358 340 V 17 w(size\(MPI)p 567 340 V 16 w(Comm)g(comm,)g(int)h(*size\))75 431 y(MPI)p 150 431 V 17 w(COMM)p 263 431 V 16 w(SIZE\(COMM,)f(SIZE,)g(IERROR\))170 488 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(SIZE,)f(IERROR)75 626 y Fx(MPI)p 160 626 14 2 v 16 w(COMM)p 318 626 V 16 w(RANK\(comm,)13 b(rank\))117 708 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(comm)470 b Fr(comm)o(unicator)11 b(\(handle\))117 792 y(OUT)108 b Fx(rank)504 b Fr(rank)12 b(of)f(the)h(calling)e(pro)q(cess)j(in)f(group)f(of)23 b Fm(comm)9 b Fr(\(in)o(teger\))75 921 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 921 15 2 v 17 w(Comm)p 358 921 V 17 w(rank\(MPI)p 567 921 V 16 w(Comm)g(comm,)g(int)h(*rank\))75 1012 y(MPI)p 150 1012 V 17 w(COMM)p 263 1012 V 16 w(RANK\(COMM,)f(RANK,)g(IERROR\)) 170 1069 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(RANK,)f(IERROR)75 1207 y Fx(MPI)p 160 1207 14 2 v 16 w(COMM)p 318 1207 V 16 w(GROUP\(comm,)14 b(group\))117 1289 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(comm)470 b Fr(comm)o(unicator)11 b(\(handle\))117 1373 y(OUT)108 b Fx(group)479 b Fr(group)14 b(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f Fm(comm)e Fr(\(handle\))75 1502 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 1502 15 2 v 17 w(Comm)p 358 1502 V 17 w(group\(MPI)p 591 1502 V 16 w(Comm)g(comm,)g(MPI)p 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y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 115 123 115 122 bop 75 -100 a Ft(5.4.)34 b(COMMUNICA)l(TOR)16 b(MANA)o(GEMENT)860 b FE(115)166 45 y Fx(MPI)p 251 45 14 2 v 16 w(COMM)p 409 45 V 16 w(DUP)17 b FE(Duplicates)h(the)f (existing)h(comm)o(unicator)e Fx(comm)f FE(with)i(all)h(its)f(cac)o (hed)g(in-)75 102 y(formation.)26 b(Returns)18 b(in)g Fx(new)o(comm)e FE(a)i(new)f(comm)o(unicator)g(with)h(the)g(same)f (group,)g(same)g(cac)o(hed)75 158 y(information,)e(but)g(a)g(new)h(con) o(text.)166 298 y Fo(Implemen)o(tati)o(on)g(note:)49 b Fr(One)17 b(need)h(not)f(actually)g(cop)o(y)g(the)g(group)g (information,)e(but)i(only)f(add)75 354 y(a)j(new)h(reference)i(and)d (incremen)o(t)h(the)g(reference)i(coun)o(t.)35 b(Cop)o(y)19 b(on)g(write)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(used)h(for)e(the)h(cac)o(hed)75 410 y(information.)75 597 y Fx(MPI)p 160 597 V 16 w(COMM)p 318 597 V 16 w(MAKE\(comm,)13 b(group,)h(new)o(comm\))117 675 y Fr(IN)155 b Fx(comm)470 b Fr(comm)o(unicator)11 b(\(handle\))117 751 y(IN)155 b Fx(group)479 b Fr(Group,)14 b(whic)o(h)h(is)f(a)g(subset)i(of)e(the)h(group)g(of)e Fm(comm)g Fr(\(han-)905 807 y(dle\))117 883 y(OUT)108 b Fx(new)o(comm)397 b Fr(new)15 b(comm)o(uni)o(cator)d(\(handle\))75 1008 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 1008 15 2 v 17 w(Comm)p 358 1008 V 17 w(make\(MPI)p 567 1008 V 16 w(Comm)g(comm,)g(MPI)p 917 1008 V 17 w(group)g(group,)g(MPI)p 1316 1008 V 17 w(Comm)h(*newcomm\))75 1095 y(MPI)p 150 1095 V 17 w(COMM)p 263 1095 V 16 w(MAKE\(COMM,)f(GROUP,)g(NEWCOMM,)g(IERROR\))170 1152 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(GROUP,)f(NEWCOMM,)f(IERROR)75 1238 y FE(This)14 b(function)g(creates)f(a)g(new)h(comm)o(unicator)f Fx(new)o(comm)f FE(with)i(comm)o(unication)g(group)f(de\014ned)i(b)o(y) 75 1295 y Fx(group)f FE(and)h(a)e(new)i(con)o(text.)k(No)14 b(cac)o(hed)h(information)f(propagates)f(from)h Fx(comm)e FE(to)i Fx(new)o(comm)p FE(.)k(The)75 1351 y(function)e(returns)f(a)g 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2 v 16 w(INTERCOMM)p 1708 45 V 16 w(MERGE)75 102 y FE(creates)15 b(an)g(in)o(tracomm)o(unicator)g(b)o(y)g(merging)g(the) g(t)o(w)o(o)f(groups)h(of)g(an)g(in)o(tercomm)o(unicator.)166 158 y(Construction)d(of)g(an)h(in)o(ter-comm)o(unicator)f(from)g(t)o(w) o(o)f(in)o(tracomm)o(unicators)h(requires)h(separate)75 215 y(collectiv)o(e)k(op)q(erations)f(in)g(the)f(lo)q(cal)i(group)e (and)h(in)g(the)f(remote)g(group,)g(b)q(oth)h(for)e(the)i(starting)f (and)75 271 y(the)k(\014nishing)i(op)q(erations,)e(as)g(w)o(ell)g(as)g (a)f(p)q(oin)o(t-to-p)q(oin)o(t)i(comm)o(unication)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h (a)e(pro)q(cess)h(in)75 327 y(the)c(lo)q(cal)i(group)e(and)g(a)g(pro)q (cess)h(in)g(the)f(remote)g(group.)20 b(The)c(explicit)h(sync)o (hronization)f(can)g(cause)75 384 y(deadlo)q(c)o(k)g(in)g(mo)q(dular)g (programs)e(with)h(cyclic)i(comm)o(unication)f(graphs,)f(ev)o(en)g(if:) 143 478 y FC(\017)23 b FE(within)16 b(eac)o(h)f(lo)q(cal)i(group)e (calls)h(are)f(executed)h(in)g(the)f(same)g(order,)143 572 y 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b(co)o(v)o(ers)f(the)h(case)g(where,)h(at)e(an)o(y)g (p)q(oin)o(t)h(in)h(time,)g(at)e(most)g(one)h(in)o(v)o(o)q(cation)g(of) f(a)g(parallel)75 2421 y(pro)q(cedure)14 b(can)f(b)q(e)g(activ)o(e)g (at)f(an)o(y)h(pro)q(cess.)19 b(That)12 b(is,)i(concurren)o(t)e(in)o(v) o(o)q(cations)i(of)e(the)h(same)f(parallel)75 2478 y(pro)q(cedure)k(ma) o(y)e(o)q(ccur)h(only)g(within)h(disjoin)o(t)f(groups)f(of)h(pro)q (cesses.)20 b(F)l(or)14 b(example,)h(all)h(in)o(v)o(o)q(cations)75 2534 y(of)f(parallel)i(pro)q(cedures)f(in)o(v)o(olv)o(e)g(all)h(pro)q (cesses,)e(pro)q(cesses)h(are)f(single-threaded,)i(and)e(there)h(are)f (no)75 2591 y(recursiv)o(e)h(in)o(v)o(o)q(cations.)166 2647 y(In)21 b(suc)o(h)f(a)g(case,)h(a)f(con)o(text)f(can)i(b)q(e)f (statically)h(allo)q(cated)g(to)f(eac)o(h)g(pro)q(cedure.)36 b(The)20 b(static)75 2704 y(allo)q(cation)h(can)e(b)q(e)h(done)g(in)h (a)e(pream)o(ble,)i(as)e(part)g(of)g(initialization)j(co)q(de.)34 b(Or,)20 b(it)g(can)f(b)q(e)i(done)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 127 135 127 134 bop 75 -100 a Ft(5.7.)29 b(F)o(ORMALIZING)11 b(THE)g(LOOSEL)l(Y)i(SYNCHR)o(ONOUS)g(MODEL)e(\(USA)o(GE,)f(SAFETY\))p FE(127)75 45 y(a)18 b(compile/link)j(time,)e(if)g(the)g(implemen)o (tation)g(has)g(additional)h(mec)o(hanisms)f(to)e(reserv)o(e)i(con)o (text)75 102 y(v)m(alues.)k(Comm)o(unicators)15 b(to)g(b)q(e)i(used)f (b)o(y)g(the)g(di\013eren)o(t)g(pro)q(cedures)h(can)f(b)q(e)g(built)h (in)g(a)f(pream)o(ble,)75 158 y(if)h(the)g(executing)h(groups)e(are)h (statically)g(de\014ned;)i(if)e(the)g(executing)h(groups)e(c)o(hange)h (dynamically)l(,)75 214 y(then)f(a)g(new)h(comm)o(unicator)e(has)h(to)g (b)q(e)h(built)g(whenev)o(er)g(the)f(executing)h(group)f(c)o(hanges,)g (but)h(this)75 271 y(new)d(comm)o(unicator)g(can)g(b)q(e)h(built)g (using)g(the)f(same)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)g(preallo)q(cated)h(con)o(text.)k (If)14 b(the)g(parallel)75 327 y(pro)q(cedures)k(can)f(b)q(e)g (organized)g(in)o(to)g(libraries,)h(so)f(that)f(only)h(one)g(pro)q (cedure)h(of)e(eac)o(h)h(library)h(can)75 384 y(b)q(e)i(concurren)o (tly)g(activ)o(e)f(in)i(eac)o(h)e(pro)q(cessor,)h(then)f(it)h(is)g (su\016cien)o(t)g(to)e(allo)q(cate)i(one)g(con)o(text)e(p)q(er)75 440 y(library)l(.)75 610 y Fx(P)o(a)o(rallel)c(p)o(ro)q(cedures)i(that) g(a)o(re)f(non-reentrant)i(within)f(each)g(executing)h(group)75 712 y FE(This)k(co)o(v)o(ers)g(the)g(case)f(where,)j(at)d(an)o(y)g(p)q (oin)o(t)i(in)f(time,)h(for)f(eac)o(h)g(pro)q(cess)g(group,)g(there)g (can)g(b)q(e)75 769 y(at)d(most)g(one)h(activ)o(e)g(in)o(v)o(o)q (cation)g(of)g(a)f(parallel)i(pro)q(cedure)g(b)o(y)f(a)f(pro)q(cess)h (mem)o(b)q(er.)31 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)19 b(it)75 825 y(migh)o(t)i(b)q(e)h(p)q(ossible)i(that)c(the)i(same)f(pro)q(cedure)h (is)g(concurren)o(tly)g(in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed)g(in)g(t)o(w)o(o)e(partially)j (\(or)75 882 y(completely\))17 b(o)o(v)o(erlapping)f(groups.)k(F)l(or) 15 b(example,)i(the)e(same)g(collectiv)o(e)j(comm)o(unication)e (function)75 938 y(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(concurren)o(tly)g(in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed) g(on)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(partially)i(o)o(v)o(erlapping)g(groups.)166 1003 y(In)f(suc)o(h)f(a)g(case,)g(a)f(con)o(text)h(is)g(asso)q(ciated)h (with)f(eac)o(h)g(parallel)i(pro)q(cedure)f(and)f(eac)o(h)g(executing) 75 1060 y(group,)j(so)h(that)e(o)o(v)o(erlapping)j(execution)f(groups)f (ha)o(v)o(e)g(distinct)i(comm)o(unication)f(con)o(texts.)27 b(\(One)75 1116 y(do)q(es)19 b(not)f(need)i(a)f(di\013eren)o(t)f(con)o (text)h(from)f(eac)o(h)h(group;)g(one)g(merely)h(needs)f(a)g (\\coloring")g(of)f(the)75 1172 y(groups,)e(so)g(that)g(one)h(can)g (generate)f(the)h(comm)o(unicators)f(for)g(eac)o(h)g(parallel)i(pro)q (cedure)g(when)f(the)75 1229 y(execution)g(groups)e(are)g(de\014ned.)22 b(Here)16 b(again,)f(one)h(only)g(need)h(one)e(con)o(text)g(for)g(eac)o (h)h(library)l(,)g(if)g(no)75 1285 y(t)o(w)o(o)e(pro)q(cedures)i(from)e (the)i(same)f(library)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(concurren)o(tly)g(activ)o(e)f(in) h(the)f(same)g(group.)166 1350 y(Note)f(that,)g(for)h(collectiv)o(e)h (comm)o(unication)g(libraries,)g(w)o(e)f(do)g(allo)o(w)g(sev)o(eral)g (concurren)o(t)g(in)o(v)o(o-)75 1407 y(cations)h(within)h(the)g(same)e (group:)22 b(a)15 b(broadcast)h(in)h(a)e(group)h(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)g (started)g(in)h(a)e(pro)q(cess)i(b)q(efore)75 1463 y(the)e(previous)h (broadcast)f(in)h(that)e(group)h(ended)h(at)f(another)g(pro)q(cess.)20 b(In)c(suc)o(h)f(a)g(case,)g(one)g(cannot)75 1520 y(rely)21 b(on)g(con)o(text)g(mec)o(hanisms)g(to)f(disam)o(biguate)i(successiv)o (e)g(in)o(v)o(o)q(cations)f(of)g(the)g(same)f(parallel)75 1576 y(pro)q(cedure)f(within)f(the)g(same)g(group:)24 b(the)18 b(pro)q(cedure)g(needs)h(to)e(b)q(e)h(implemen)o(ted)i(so)d (as)g(to)g(a)o(v)o(oid)75 1633 y(confusion)i(\(bac)o(k)e(masking\).)28 b(F)l(or)17 b(example,)i(for)e(broadcast,)h(one)g(ma)o(y)f(need)i(to)e (carry)h(additional)75 1689 y(information)g(in)g(messages,)f(suc)o(h)h (as)g(the)f(broadcast)g(ro)q(ot,)g(to)g(help)i(in)f(suc)o(h)g(disam)o (biguation;)i(one)75 1746 y(also)15 b(relies)i(on)e(the)g(pair-wise)h (preserv)m(ation)g(of)f(message)g(order)g(b)o(y)g(MPI.)g(With)g(suc)o (h)h(an)f(approac)o(h,)75 1802 y(w)o(e)f(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)h(gaining)g(p)q (erformance,)f(but)g(w)o(e)h(lose)f(mo)q(dularit)o(y)l(.)21 b(It)14 b(is)h(insu\016cien)o(t)h(to)d(implemen)o(t)j(the)75 1859 y(parallel)h(pro)q(cedure)g(so)e(that)g(it)h(w)o(orks)f(correctly) h(in)g(isolation,)h(when)f(in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed)g(only)g(once;)g(it)g (needs)75 1915 y(to)f(b)q(e)h(implemen)o(ted)i(so)d(that)g(an)o(y)h(n)o (um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(successiv)o(e)i(in)o(v)o(o)q(cations)f(will)h (execute)g(correctly)l(.)22 b(Of)75 1971 y(course,)15 b(the)g(same)g(approac)o(h)g(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(for)e(other)h (parallel)i(libraries.)75 2141 y Fx(W)o(ell-nested)g(pa)o(rallel)d(p)o (ro)q(cedures)75 2243 y FE(Calls)h(of)g(parallel)h(pro)q(cedures)g(are) e(w)o(ell-nested)i(if)g(a)e(new)h(parallel)h(pro)q(cedure)g(is)f(alw)o (a)o(ys)f(in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed)h(in)75 2300 y(a)j(subset)h(of)e(a)h(group)g (executing)i(the)e(same)g(parallel)i(pro)q(cedure.)30 b(Th)o(us,)19 b(pro)q(cesses)g(that)e(execute)75 2356 y(the)e(same)g(parallel)i(pro)q(cedure)f(ha)o(v)o(e)f(the)g(same)g (execution)h(stac)o(k.)166 2421 y(In)h(suc)o(h)f(a)g(case,)g(a)g(new)g (con)o(text)f(needs)i(to)f(b)q(e)h(dynamically)h(allo)q(cated)f(for)e (eac)o(h)h(new)h(in)o(v)o(o)q(ca-)75 2478 y(tion)h(of)f(a)g(parallel)i (pro)q(cedure.)28 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)16 b(a)i(stac)o(k)e(mec)o(hanism) i(can)g(b)q(e)g(used)g(for)f(allo)q(cating)i(new)75 2534 y(con)o(texts.)29 b(Th)o(us,)19 b(a)g(p)q(ossible)h(mec)o(hanism)f(is)g (\014rst)g(to)f(allo)q(cate)h(a)f(large)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(con)o (texts)g(\(up)75 2591 y(to)e(the)h(upp)q(er)h(b)q(ound)g(on)f(the)g (depth)g(of)g(nested)g(parallel)h(pro)q(cedure)g(calls\),)g(and)f(then) g(use)g(a)g(lo)q(cal)75 2647 y(stac)o(k)d(managemen)o(t)g(of)g(these)h (con)o(text's)f(on)g(eac)o(h)h(pro)q(cess)g(to)f(create)h(a)f(new)h (comm)o(unicator)g(\(using)75 2704 y Fx(MPI)p 160 2704 14 2 v 16 w(COMM)p 318 2704 V 16 w(MAKE)p FE(\))g(for)f(eac)o(h)i(new)f (in)o(v)o(o)q(cation.)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 128 136 128 135 bop 75 -100 a FE(128)87 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(5.)35 b(GR)o(OUPS,)15 b(CONTEXTS,)g(COMMUNICA)l(TORS,)h(AND)f(CA)o(CHEING)75 45 y Fx(The)h(General)f(case)75 134 y FE(In)22 b(the)g(general)g(case,) h(there)e(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)h(m)o(ultiple)i(concurren)o(tly)e(activ)o(e)g (in)o(v)o(o)q(cations)g(of)f(the)g(same)75 190 y(parallel)i(pro)q (cedure)g(within)g(the)f(same)f(group;)j(in)o(v)o(o)q(cations)e(ma)o(y) f(not)h(b)q(e)g(w)o(ell-nested.)41 b(A)22 b(new)75 247 y(con)o(text)17 b(need)i(to)e(b)q(e)h(created)g(for)f(eac)o(h)g(in)o(v) o(o)q(cation.)28 b(It)18 b(is)g(the)g(user)g(resp)q(onsibilit)o(y)i(to) d(mak)o(e)g(sure)75 303 y(that,)k(if)h(t)o(w)o(o)d(distinct)j(parallel) h(pro)q(cedures)e(are)g(in)o(v)o(ok)o(ed)g(concurren)o(tly)h(on)e(o)o (v)o(erlapping)i(sets)e(of)75 360 y(pro)q(cesses,)15 b(then)h(con)o(text)e(allo)q(cation)j(or)d(comm)o(unicator)h(creation)h (is)f(prop)q(erly)h(co)q(ordinated.)75 511 y Fv(5.8)59 b(Motivating)19 b(Examples)75 617 y Fq(5.8.1)49 b(Current)15 b(Practice)g(#1)75 706 y FE(Example)h(#1a:)147 807 y Fp(main\(int)22 b(argc,)i(char)f(**argv\))147 864 y({)194 920 y(int)h(me,)f(size;)194 977 y(...)194 1033 y(MPI_Init)g(\()h (&argc,)f(argv)g(\);)194 1090 y(MPI_Comm_rank)f(\(MPI_COMM_WORLD,)g (&me\);)194 1146 y(MPI_Comm_size)g(\(MPI_COMM_WORLD,)g(&size\);)194 1259 y(\(void\)printf)h(\("Process)f(\045d)i(size)f(\045d\\n",)g(me,)h (size\);)194 1315 y(...)194 1372 y(MPI_Finalize\(\);)147 1428 y(})75 1528 y FE(Example)19 b(#1a)f(is)h(a)f(do-nothing)h(program) e(that)h(initializes)k(itself)d(legally)l(,)i(and)d(refers)g(to)g(the)h (the)75 1585 y(\\all")f(comm)o(unicator,)g(and)g(prin)o(ts)g(a)f (message.)27 b(It)18 b(terminates)g(itself)h(legally)g(to)q(o.)27 b(This)18 b(example)75 1641 y(do)q(es)e(not)e(imply)j(that)d(MPI)i (supp)q(orts)f Fp(printf)p FE(-lik)o(e)g(comm)o(unication)h(itself.)75 1699 y(Example)g(#1b:)170 1800 y Fp(main\(int)23 b(argc,)g(char)h (**argv\))170 1857 y({)242 1913 y(int)f(me,)h(size;)242 1970 y(int)f(SOME_TAG)g(=)h(0;)242 2026 y(...)242 2083 y(MPI_Init\(&argc,)e(argv\);)242 2195 y(MPI_Comm_rank\(MPI_COMM_WOR)o (LD,)f(&me\);)71 b(/*)23 b(local)h(*/)242 2252 y (MPI_Comm_size\(MPI_COMM_WOR)o(LD,)d(&size\);)i(/*)g(local)h(*/)242 2365 y(if\(\(me)f(\045)h(2\))f(==)h(0\))314 2421 y(MPI_Send\(...,)e (\(\(me)h(+)h(1\))f(\045)h(size\),)f(SOME_TAG,)g(MPI_COMM_WORLD\);)242 2478 y(else)314 2534 y(MPI_Recv\(...,)f(\(\(me)h(-)h(1)f(+)h(size\))f (\045)h(size\),)f(SOME_TAG,)g(MPI_COMM_WORLD\);)242 2591 y(...)242 2647 y(MPI_Finalize\(\);)170 2704 y(})1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 129 137 129 136 bop 75 -100 a Ft(5.8.)29 b(MOTIV)-5 b(A)l(TING)16 b(EXAMPLES)1055 b FE(129)75 45 y(Example)16 b(#1b)f(sc)o(hematically)i (illustrates)g(message)e(exc)o(hanges)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(\\ev)o(en")f (and)h(\\o)q(dd")f(pro-)75 102 y(cesses)h(in)g(the)f(\\all")g(comm)o (unicator.)75 222 y Fq(5.8.2)49 b(Current)15 b(Practice)g(#2)147 308 y Fp(main\(int)22 b(argc,)i(char)f(**argv\))147 365 y({)194 421 y(int)h(me,)f(count;)194 478 y(void)h(*data;)194 534 y(...)194 647 y(MPI_Init\(&argc,)e(argv\);)194 703 y(MPI_Comm_rank\(MPI_COMM_WORLD)o(,)f(&me\);)194 816 y(if\(me)i(==)h(0\))194 873 y({)290 929 y(/*)f(get)h(input,)f(create)g (buffer)g(``data'')g(*/)290 986 y(...)194 1042 y(})194 1155 y(MPI_Bcast\(data,)f(count,)h(MPI_BYTE,)g(0,)g(MPI_COMM_WORLD\);) 194 1268 y(...)194 1381 y(MPI_Finalize\(\);)147 1437 y(})75 1537 y FE(This)16 b(example)g(illustrates)g(the)f(use)h(of)f(a)g (collectiv)o(e)h(comm)o(unication.)75 1658 y Fq(5.8.3)49 b(\(App)o(ro)o(ximate\))16 b(Current)f(Practice)g(#3)123 1744 y Fp(main\(int)22 b(argc,)i(char)f(**argv\))123 1800 y({)170 1857 y(int)h(me,)f(count,)g(count2;)170 1913 y(void)h(*send_buf,)e(*recv_buf,)h(*send_buf2,)f(*recv_buf2;)170 1970 y(MPI_Group)h(MPI_GROUP_WORLD,)f(grp0,)h(grprem;)170 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2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 134 142 134 141 bop 75 -100 a FE(134)92 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(5.)30 b(GR)o(OUPS,)15 b(CONTEXTS,)g(COMMUNICA)l(TORS,)h(AND)f(CA)o(CHEING)75 45 y FE(utilize)f(the)e(monotonically)h(increasing)g(tags)e(\(with)g (comm)o(unicator)h(scop)q(e\))g(to)f(k)o(eep)h(things)g(straigh)o(t.)75 102 y(All)19 b(of)e(the)h(foregoing)f(is)h(a)f(supp)q(osition)i(of)f (\\collectiv)o(e)h(calls")f(implemen)o(ted)h(with)f(p)q(oin)o(t-to-p)q (oin)o(t)75 158 y(op)q(erations.)25 b(MPI)17 b(implemen)o(tations)h(ma) o(y)e(or)g(ma)o(y)h(not)f(implemen)o(t)i(collectiv)o(e)h(calls)f(using) f(p)q(oin)o(t-)75 214 y(to-p)q(oin)o(t)h(op)q(erations.)28 b(These)19 b(algorithms)f(are)f(used)i(to)e(illustrate)i(the)g(issues)f (of)g(correctness)g(and)75 271 y(safet)o(y)l(,)c(indep)q(enden)o(t)k (of)c(ho)o(w)h(MPI)g(implemen)o(ts)i(its)e(collectiv)o(e)i(calls.)75 395 y Fq(5.8.7)49 b(Inter-Communication)16 b(Examples)75 481 y Fx(Example)f(1:)k(Three-Group)e(\\Pip)q(eline")409 624 y Fp(+---------+)213 b(+---------+)h(+---------+)409 681 y(|)h(|)f(|)h(|)g(|)f(|)409 737 y(|)24 b(Group)f(0)h(|)f(<----->)g (|)h(Group)f(1)h(|)g(<----->)f(|)g(Group)h(2)f(|)409 793 y(|)215 b(|)f(|)h(|)g(|)f(|)409 850 y(+---------+)f(+---------+)h (+---------+)75 1014 y FE(Groups)16 b(0)g(and)h(1)f(comm)o(unicate.)24 b(Groups)16 b(1)h(and)f(2)g(comm)o(unicate.)24 b(Therefore,)17 b(group)f(0)g(requires)75 1071 y(one)f(in)o(ter-comm)o(unicator,)f (group)g(1)g(requires)i(t)o(w)o(o)d(in)o(ter-comm)o(unicators,)h(and)h (group)f(2)g(requires)h(1)75 1127 y(in)o(ter-comm)o(unicator.)147 1236 y Fp(main\(int)22 b(argc,)i(char)f(**argv\))147 1292 y({)194 1349 y(MPI_Comm)g(myComm;)166 b(/*)24 b (intra-communicator)d(of)j(local)f(sub-group)g(*/)194 1405 y(MPI_Comm)g(myFirstComm;)46 b(/*)24 b(inter-communicator)d(*/)194 1462 y(MPI_Comm)i(mySecondComm;)f(/*)i(second)f(inter-communicator)e (\(group)i(B)h(only\))f(*/)194 1518 y(MPI_Intercomm_request)e (inter_request1,)h(inter_request2;)194 1574 y(int)i(membershipKey;)194 1631 y(int)g(rank;)194 1744 y(MPI_Init\(&argc,)e(argv\);)194 1800 y(MPI_Comm_rank\(MPI_COMM_WORLD)o(,)f(&rank\);)194 1913 y(/*)j(User)f(code)h(must)f(generate)g(membershipKey)f(in)h(the)h (range)f([0,)g(1,)h(2])g(*/)194 1970 y(membershipKey)e(=)i(rank)f(\045) h(3;)194 2083 y(/*)g(Build)f(intra-communicator)e(for)j(local)f (sub-group)g(*/)194 2139 y(MPI_Comm_split\(MPI_COMM_WORL)o(D,)e (membershipKey,)h(rank,)h(&myComm\);)194 2252 y(/*)h(Build)f (inter-communicators.)45 b(Tags)23 b(are)h(hard-coded.)e(*/)194 2308 y(if)i(\(membershipKey)e(==)h(0\))194 2365 y({)501 b(/*)24 b(Group)f(0)h(communicates)e(with)h(group)h(1.)f(*/)242 2421 y(MPI_Intercomm_start\()e(myComm,)i(0,)h(MPI_COMM_WORLD,)d(1,)743 2478 y(1,)j(&inter_request1)e(\);)242 2534 y(MPI_Intercomm_finish\()f (inter_request1,)h(myFirstComm)g(\);)194 2591 y(})194 2647 y(else)i(if)f(\(membershipKey)f(==)i(1\))194 2704 y({)334 b(/*)24 b(Group)f(1)h(communicates)e(with)h(groups)g(0)h(and)g (2.)f(*/)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 135 143 135 142 bop 75 -100 a Ft(5.8.)29 b(MOTIV)-5 b(A)l(TING)16 b(EXAMPLES)1055 b FE(135)242 45 y Fp(MPI_Intercomm_start\()21 b(myComm,)i(0,)h(MPI_COMM_WORLD,)d(0,)743 102 y(1,)j(&inter_request1)e (\);)242 158 y(MPI_Intercomm_start\()f(myComm,)i(0,)h(MPI_COMM_WORLD,)d (2,)743 214 y(12,)j(&inter_request2)d(\);)242 271 y (MPI_Intercomm_finish\()g(inter_request1,)h(myFirstComm)g(\);)242 327 y(MPI_Intercomm_finish\()f(inter_request2,)h(mySecondComm)g(\);)194 384 y(})194 440 y(else)i(if)f(\(membershipKey)f(==)i(2\))194 497 y({)501 b(/*)24 b(Group)f(2)h(communicates)e(with)h(group)h(1.)f (*/)242 553 y(MPI_Intercomm_start\()e(myComm,)i(0,)h(MPI_COMM_WORLD,)d (1,)743 610 y(12,)j(&inter_request1)d(\);)242 666 y (MPI_Intercomm_finish\()g(inter_request1,)h(myFirstComm)g(\);)194 723 y(})194 835 y(/*)i(Do)f(work)h(...)f(*/)194 948 y (MPI_Finalize\(\);)147 1005 y(})75 1124 y Fx(Example)15 b(2:)k(Three-Group)e(\\Ring")290 1210 y Fp(+-----------------------)o (--------)o(-------)o(-------)o(--------)o(------+)290 1266 y(|)1408 b(|)290 1322 y(|)95 b(+---------+)213 b(+---------+)h (+---------+)94 b(|)290 1379 y(|)h(|)215 b(|)f(|)h(|)g(|)f(|)96 b(|)290 1435 y(+-->)23 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(membershipKey)f(in)h(the)h(range)f([0,)g(1,)h(2])g(*/)194 2591 y(membershipKey)e(=)i(rank)f(\045)h(3;)194 2704 y(/*)g(Build)f(intra-communicator)e(for)j(local)f(sub-group)g(*/)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 136 144 136 143 bop 75 -100 a FE(136)92 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(5.)30 b(GR)o(OUPS,)15 b(CONTEXTS,)g(COMMUNICA)l(TORS,)h(AND)f(CA)o(CHEING)194 45 y Fp(MPI_Comm_split\(MPI_COMM_WORL)o(D,)21 b(membershipKey,)h(rank,) h(&myComm\);)194 158 y(/*)h(Build)f(inter-communicators.)45 b(Tags)23 b(are)h(hard-coded.)e(*/)194 214 y(if)i(\(membershipKey)e(==) h(0\))194 271 y({)310 b(/*)24 b(Group)f(0)h(communicates)e(with)h (groups)g(1)h(and)g(2.)f(*/)242 327 y(MPI_Intercomm_start\()e(myComm,)i (0,)h(MPI_COMM_WORLD,)d(1,)743 384 y(1,)j(&inter_request1)e(\);)242 440 y(MPI_Intercomm_start\()f(myComm,)i(0,)h(MPI_COMM_WORLD,)d(2,)743 497 y(2,)j(&inter_request2)e(\);)194 553 y(})194 610 y(else)i(if)f(\(membershipKey)f(==)i(1\))194 666 y({)215 b(/*)24 b(Group)f(1)g(communicates)g(with)g(groups)g(0)h(and)f(2.)h(*/) 242 723 y(MPI_Intercomm_start\()d(myComm,)i(0,)h(MPI_COMM_WORLD,)d(0,) 743 779 y(1,)j(&inter_request1)e(\);)242 835 y(MPI_Intercomm_start\()f (myComm,)i(0,)h(MPI_COMM_WORLD,)d(2,)743 892 y(12,)j(&inter_request2)d (\);)194 948 y(})194 1005 y(else)j(if)f(\(membershipKey)f(==)i(2\))194 1061 y({)191 b(/*)24 b(Group)f(2)h(communicates)e(with)h(groups)g(0)h (and)f(1.)h(*/)242 1118 y(MPI_Intercomm_start\()d(myComm,)i(0,)h (MPI_COMM_WORLD,)d(0,)743 1174 y(2,)j(&inter_request1)e(\);)242 1231 y(MPI_Intercomm_start\()f(myComm,)i(0,)h(MPI_COMM_WORLD,)d(1,)743 1287 y(12,)j(&inter_request2)d(\);)194 1344 y(})194 1456 y(/*)j(Everyone)f(has)g(the)h(same)f("FINISH")g(code...)g(*/)194 1513 y(MPI_Intercomm_finish\(inter_r)o(equest1,)d(&myFirstComm\);)194 1569 y(MPI_Intercomm_finish\(inter_r)o(equest2,)g(&mySecondComm\);)194 1682 y(/*)k(Do)f(some)h(work)f(...)h(*/)194 1795 y(MPI_Finalize\(\);) 147 1852 y(})75 1971 y Fx(Example)15 b(3:)k(Three-Group)e(\\Pip)q (eline")e(Using)h(Name)f(Service)409 2056 y Fp(+---------+)213 b(+---------+)h(+---------+)409 2113 y(|)h(|)f(|)h(|)g(|)f(|)409 2169 y(|)24 b(Group)f(0)h(|)f(<----->)g(|)h(Group)f(1)h(|)g(<----->)f (|)g(Group)h(2)f(|)409 2226 y(|)215 b(|)f(|)h(|)g(|)f(|)409 2282 y(+---------+)f(+---------+)h(+---------+)166 2380 y FE(Groups)21 b(0)g(and)h(1)f(comm)o(unicate.)39 b(Groups)21 b(1)g(and)h(2)f(comm)o(unicate.)39 b(Therefore,)23 b(group)e(0)75 2436 y(requires)e(one)f(in)o(ter-comm)o(unicator,)h(group)e(1)h (requires)h(t)o(w)o(o)e(in)o(ter-comm)o(unicators,)h(and)g(group)g(2)75 2493 y(requires)e(1)f(in)o(ter-comm)o(unicator.)147 2591 y Fp(main\(int)22 b(argc,)i(char)f(**argv\))147 2647 y({)194 2704 y(MPI_Comm)g(myComm;)142 b(/*)24 b(intra-communicator)d (of)j(local)f(sub-group)g(*/)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 137 145 137 144 bop 75 -100 a Ft(5.8.)29 b(MOTIV)-5 b(A)l(TING)16 b(EXAMPLES)1055 b FE(137)194 45 y Fp(MPI_Comm)23 b(myFirstComm;)f(/*)i (inter-communicator)d(*/)194 102 y(MPI_Comm)i(mySecondComm;/*)f(second) h(inter-communicator)e(\(group)i(B)h(only\))f(*/)194 158 y(MPI_Intercomm_request)e(inter_request1,)h(inter_request2;)194 214 y(int)i(color,)f(rank,)g(size;)194 327 y(MPI_Init\(&argc,)f (argv\);)194 384 y(MPI_Comm_rank\(MPI_COMM_WORLD)o(,)f(&rank\);)194 440 y(MPI_Comm_size\(MPI_COMM_WORLD)o(,)g(&size\);)194 497 y(...)194 610 y(/*)j(User)f(code)h(must)f(generate)g(color)g(in)g (the)h(range)f([0,)g(1,)h(2])g(*/)194 666 y(if)g(\()g(rank)f(<)h (\(\(size+1\)/3\))e(\))242 723 y(color)h(=)h(0;)194 779 y(else)g(if)f(\()h(rank)f(<)h(\(2*\(size+1\)/3\))e(\))242 835 y(color)h(=)h(1;)194 892 y(else)242 948 y(color)f(=)h(2;)194 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b(In)21 b(the)f(case)h(of)f(a)g(Cartesian)g(top)q(ology)g(the)h (function)g Fx(MPI)p 1485 2704 V 16 w(MAKE)p 1630 2704 V 16 w(DIMS)f FE(helps)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 143 151 143 150 bop 75 -100 a Ft(6.5.)34 b(TOPOLOGY)16 b(CONSTR)o(UCTORS)958 b FE(143)75 45 y(in)18 b(setting)e(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(of)f(pro)q 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q(cess)k(and)d(an)o(y)g(destination)117 1091 y(OUT)108 b Fx(totalnumrecv)339 b Fr(Bound)16 b(on)f(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g (p)q(ending)g(messages)h(from)d(an)o(y)905 1147 y(source)i(with)f(the)g (calling)f(pro)q(cess)j(as)e(destination)117 1221 y(OUT)108 b Fx(totalsizerecv)354 b Fr(Bound)15 b(on)f(the)h(total)f(size)h(in)f (b)o(ytes)h(of)f(p)q(ending)h(messages)905 1277 y(from)d(an)o(y)i (source)h(with)e(destination)h(at)g(the)g(calling)f(no)q(de)75 1402 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 1402 15 2 v 17 w(GET)p 334 1402 V 17 w(BUFFER)p 495 1402 V 16 w(PARAMS\(int)g(*numsend,)f(int)i (*sizesend,)e(int)i(*numrecv,)393 1458 y(int)g(*sizerecv,)e(int)i (*totalnumsednd,)d(int)j(*totalsizesen,)393 1514 y(int)g (*totalnumrecv,)e(int)h(*totalsizerecv\))75 1601 y(MPI)p 150 1601 V 17 w(GET)p 239 1601 V 17 w(BUFFER)p 400 1601 V 16 w(PARAMS\(NUMSEND,)f(SIZESEND,)g(NUMRECV,)h(SIZERECV,)g (TOTALNUMSEDND,)393 1657 y(TOTALSIZESEN,)f(TOTALNUMRECV,)g (TOTALSIZERECV,)g(IERROR\))170 1714 y(INTEGER)h(NUMSEND,)g(SIZESEND,)g (NUMRECV,)g(SIZERECV,)f(TOTALNUMSEDND,)170 1770 y(TOTALSIZESEN,)h (TOTALNUMRECV,)f(TOTALSIZERECV,)g(IERROR)166 1857 y FE(A)e(program)f (where)h(at)g(an)o(y)g(p)q(oin)o(t)g(in)h(time)g(no)f(pro)q(cess)g(has) g(more)g(then)g Fx(numsend)i FE(p)q(ending)75 1913 y(messages)13 b(sen)o(t)g(b)o(y)g(it)h(to)f(the)h(same)f(destination,)h(no)f(more)g (than)h Fx(sizesend)h FE(b)o(ytes)e(of)g(data)g(in)h(p)q(ending)75 1970 y(messages)h(sen)o(t)g(b)o(y)h(it)f(to)g(the)h(same)f (destination,)h(no)f(more)g(than)h Fx(totalnumsend)h FE(p)q(ending)g(messages)75 2026 y(sen)o(t)d(b)o(y)h(it)g(to)e(an)o(y)i (destination,)g(no)f(more)g(than)h Fx(totalsizesend)h FE(b)o(ytes)f(of)f(data)g(in)h(p)q(ending)h(messages)75 2083 y(sen)o(t)g(b)o(y)g(it)h(to)e(an)o(y)h(destination,)h(no)f(more)g (than)g Fx(numrecv)h FE(p)q(ending)h(messages)d(sen)o(t)h(to)g(it)g (from)g(the)75 2139 y(same)k(source,)h(no)e(more)h(than)g Fx(sizerecv)g FE(b)o(ytes)g(in)g(p)q(ending)i(messages)e(sen)o(t)f(to)h (it)g(from)f(the)h(same)75 2195 y(source,)g(no)f(more)g(than)g Fx(totalnumrecv)g FE(p)q(ending)i(messages)e(sen)o(t)g(to)g(it)g(from)g (an)o(y)g(source,)h(and)f(no)75 2252 y(more)c(than)g Fx(totalsizerecv)h FE(b)o(ytes)f(in)h(p)q(ending)h(messages)e(sen)o(t)g (to)f(it)i(from)e(an)o(y)h(source)h(is)f(guaran)o(teed)75 2308 y(no)g(to)g(deadlo)q(c)o(k)h(b)q(ecause)g(of)f(the)g(lac)o(k)g(of) g(bu\013er)g(space)h(for)e(p)q(ending)j(messages.)166 2365 y(Examples:)166 2421 y(1.)30 b(Supp)q(ose)20 b(that)e(p)q(ending)i (messages)f(are)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(bu\013ered)h(at)f(the)h(sender,)h(all) g(bu\013ers)e(are)75 2478 y(shared,)11 b(total)f(bu\013er)g(size)i(at)d (the)i(no)q(de)g(is)g Fp(B)p FE(,)e(eac)o(h)i(p)q(ending)h(message)e (tak)o(es)g Fp(h)g FE(b)o(ytes)g(of)g(storage,)g(in)h(ad-)75 2534 y(dition)j(to)e(the)h(storage)e(for)h(its)h(data,)f(and)h(no)g (storage)e(is)i(lost)g(due)g(to)f(fragmen)o(tation.)18 b(Then)13 b(p)q(ossible)75 2591 y(return)f(v)m(alues)h(for)f Fx(MPI)p 495 2591 14 2 v 16 w(GET)p 599 2591 V 16 w(BUFFER)p 784 2591 V 18 w(P)l(ARAMS)h FE(are)f Fp(numsend)23 b(=)g (totalnumsend-k,)f(sizesend)75 2647 y(=)i(totalsizesend)e(=)i(B-kh)p FE(,)10 b(and)g Fp(numrecv)23 b(=)h(totalnumrecv)e(=)i(sizerecv)e(=)i (totalsizerecv)75 2704 y(=)g(INT)p 198 2704 15 2 v 16 w(MAX)p FE(,)15 b(for)f(some)h Fp(0)e Fy(<)g Fp(k)f Fy(<)h Fp(B)p Fy(=)p Fp(h)p FE(.)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 155 163 155 162 bop 75 -100 a Ft(7.1.)34 b(IMPLEMENT)l(A)l(TION)16 b(INF)o(ORMA)l(TION)841 b FE(155)166 45 y(2.)36 b(Supp)q(ose)22 b(that)e(messages)g(are)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(bu\013ered)h(at)f(the)h (receiv)o(er,)h(and)f(that)f(a)g(separate)75 102 y(bu\013er)15 b(with)h Fp(C)e FE(b)o(ytes)h(is)h(allo)q(cated)g(for)e(eac)o(h)i(pair) f(of)g(comm)o(unicating)h(pro)q(cesses;)f(en)o(tries)g(for)g(p)q(end-) 75 158 y(ing)j(messages)g(are)f(k)o(ept)h(in)g(a)g(seeparate)f(table,)h (with)h(ro)q(om)e(for)g(total)g(of)g Fp(m)h FE(p)q(ending)h(messages)f (at)75 214 y(eac)o(h)13 b(receiving)i(pro)q(cess;)e(the)g(total)g(n)o (um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(pro)q(cesses)g(is)h Fp(p)p FE(,)e(and)i(no)f (storage)e(is)j(lost)f(due)g(to)g(frag-)75 271 y(men)o(tation.)23 b(Then)16 b(p)q(ossible)i(return)e(v)m(alues)i(for)d Fx(MPI)p 1035 271 14 2 v 16 w(GET)p 1139 271 V 17 w(BUFFER)p 1325 271 V 17 w(P)l(ARAMS)j FE(are)e Fp(sendcount)22 b(=)75 327 y(totalsendcount)g(=)i(sendsize)e(=)i(totalsendsize)e(=)i (INT)p 1200 327 15 2 v 17 w(MAX,)f(recvcount)g(=)g(totalrecvcount)75 384 y(=)h(m,)f(recsize)g(=)h(C)15 b FE(and)g Fp(totalrecvsize)22 b(=)i(\(p-1\))p FC(\002)p Fp(C)p FE(.)166 442 y(The)18 b(call)g(ma)o(y)f(return)g(the)h(v)m(alue)h Fm(MPI)p 867 442 13 2 v 14 w(UNDEFINED)e FE(in)h(an)o(y)f(parameter.)26 b(If)18 b(this)g(is)g(the)f(case,)75 498 y(then)f(the)f(MPI)g(implemen) o(tation)h(mak)o(es)f(no)g(guaran)o(tee)g(ab)q(out)g(bu\013ering.)166 556 y(Some)k(implemen)o(tations)h(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)g(able)h(to)f(adjust)f (their)i(bu\013ering.)32 b(In)20 b(addition,)h(since)f(the)75 612 y(parameters)13 b(returned)i(b)o(y)f Fx(MPI)p 640 612 14 2 v 16 w(GET)p 744 612 V 17 w(BUFFER)p 930 612 V 17 w(P)l(ARAMS)h FE(represen)o(t)f(a)g(guaran)o(tee)g(ab)q(out)g(a)g (partic-)75 669 y(ular)g(c)o(hoice)h(of)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)g 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(p)q(ending)i(messages)f(with)g(source)i(at)905 1191 y(calling)f(pro)q(cess)i(and)f(same)f(destination)117 1269 y(IN)155 b Fx(sizesend)436 b Fr(Bound)12 b(on)g(total)f(size)i(in) e(b)o(ytes)i(of)e(p)q(ending)h(messages)g(with)905 1325 y(source)j(at)f(calling)f(no)q(de)h(and)g(same)f(destination)117 1403 y(IN)155 b Fx(numrecv)427 b Fr(Bound)16 b(on)e(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q (er)e(of)g(p)q(ending)i(messages)f(with)f(des-)905 1459 y(tination)f(and)h(calling)e(pro)q(cess)k(and)e(same)f(source)117 1537 y(IN)155 b Fx(sizerecv)442 b Fr(Bound)12 b(on)g(total)f(size)i(in) e(b)o(ytes)i(of)e(p)q(ending)h(messages)g(with)905 1593 y(destination)i(at)g(calling)e(pro)q(cess)k(and)e(same)f(source)117 1671 y(IN)155 b Fx(totalnumsend)333 b Fr(Bound)10 b(on)g(the)g(n)o(um)o (b)q(er)f(of)g(p)q(ending)h(messages)g(with)g(source)905 1728 y(at)k(the)g(calling)f(pro)q(cess)j(and)d(an)o(y)h(destination)117 1805 y(IN)155 b Fx(totalsizesend)348 b Fr(Bound)12 b(on)g(total)f(size) i(in)e(b)o(ytes)i(of)e(p)q(ending)h(messages)g(with)905 1862 y(source)j(at)f(the)h(calling)d(pro)q(cess)k(and)e(an)o(y)f (destination)117 1939 y(IN)155 b Fx(totalnumrecv)339 b Fr(Bound)16 b(on)f(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(p)q(ending)g (messages)h(from)d(an)o(y)905 1996 y(source)i(with)f(the)g(calling)f (pro)q(cess)j(as)e(destination)117 2074 y(IN)155 b Fx(totalsizerecv)354 b Fr(Bound)15 b(on)f(the)h(total)f(size)h(in)f(b)o(ytes)h(of)f(p)q (ending)h(messages)905 2130 y(from)d(an)o(y)i(source)h(with)e (destination)h(at)g(the)g(calling)f(no)q(de)117 2208 y(OUT)108 b Fx(\015ag)518 b Fm(TRUE)17 b Fr(if)f(the)h(suggestion)h(w)o (as)f(accepted,)i Fm(F)m(ALSE)p Fr(,)c(other-)905 2264 y(wise)75 2390 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 2390 15 2 v 17 w(SUGGEST)p 430 2390 V 16 w(BUFFER)p 590 2390 V 17 w(PARAMS\(int)f (numsend,)h(int)h(sizesend,)e(int)i(numrecv,)393 2446 y(int)g(sizerecv,)e(int)i(totalnumsend,)e(int)h(totalsizesen,)393 2503 y(int)h(totalnumrecv,)e(int)h(totalsizerecv,)f(int)i(*flag\))75 2591 y(MPI)p 150 2591 V 17 w(SUGGEST)p 335 2591 V 16 w(BUFFER)p 495 2591 V 16 w(PARAMS\(NUMSEND,)e(SIZESEND,)h(NUMRECV,)g (SIZERECV,)393 2647 y(TOTALNUMSEND,)f(TOTALSIZESEN,)g(TOTALNUMRECV,)g (TOTALSIZERECV,)g(FLAG,)393 2704 y(IERROR\))-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 156 164 156 163 bop 75 -100 a FE(156)532 b Ft(CHAPTER)16 b(7.)34 b(MPI)16 b(ENVIR)o(ONMENT)l(AL)g(MANA)o(GEMENT)170 45 y Fp(INTEGER)23 b(NUMSEND,)g(SIZESEND,)g(NUMRECV,)g(SIZERECV,)f (TOTALNUMSEND,)170 102 y(TOTALSIZESEN,)h(TOTALNUMRECV,)f (TOTALSIZERECV,)g(FLAG,)h(IERROR)166 189 y FE(If)15 b(a)g(v)m(alue)h (of)e(true)h(is)g(returned)g(in)h Fx(const)g FE(then)f(it)h(is)f(as)f (if)i(the)f(v)m(alues)h(pro)o(vided)f(b)o(y)g(the)g(user)g(in)75 245 y Fx(MPI)p 160 245 14 2 v 16 w(SUGGEST)p 375 245 V 18 w(BUFFER)p 562 245 V 17 w(P)l(ARAMS)g FE(w)o(ere)f(returned)h(b)o (y)f(a)g(call)h(to)e Fx(MPI)p 1378 245 V 16 w(GET)p 1482 245 V 17 w(BUFFER)p 1668 245 V 17 w(P)l(ARAMS)p FE(:)75 301 y(the)i(user)h(is)g(guaran)o(teed)e(that)h(no)g(deadlo)q(c)o(k)i (will)g(o)q(ccur)e(due)h(to)f(lac)o(k)g(of)g(bu\013ers,)g(pro)o(vided)h (it)g(nev)o(er)75 358 y(exceeds)11 b(the)g(limitations)g(on)g(n)o(um)o (b)q(er)f(and)h(size)g(of)f(p)q(ending)i(messages)e(implied)i(b)o(y)f (these)f(parameters.)166 415 y(This)19 b(routines)g(allo)o(ws)f(the)h 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y(issue)e(on)g(message{p)n (assing)f(interfac)n(es)p FE(,)e(to)i(app)q(ear.)98 1785 y([7])21 b(S.)c(Chittor)g(and)h(R.)f(J.)g(En)o(b)q(o)q(dy)l(.)27 b(P)o(erformance)16 b(ev)m(aluation)j(of)d(mesh{connected)i(w)o (ormhole{)168 1841 y(routed)f(net)o(w)o(orks)e(for)i(in)o(terpro)q (cessor)f(comm)o(unication)i(in)f(m)o(ulticomputers.)25 b(In)17 b Fs(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(e)n(e)n(dings)168 1898 y(of)g(the)f(1990)i (Sup)n(er)n(c)n(omputing)e(Confer)n(enc)n(e)p FE(,)c(pages)j(647{656,)e (1990.)98 2000 y([8])21 b(S.)f(Chittor)g(and)g(R.)g(J.)f(En)o(b)q(o)q (dy)l(.)35 b(Predicting)21 b(the)f(e\013ect)g(of)f(mapping)i(on)e(the)h (comm)o(unica-)168 2057 y(tion)g(p)q(erformance)g(of)f(large)g(m)o (ulticomputers.)34 b(In)20 b Fs(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(e)n(e)n(dings)d(of)k(the)f (1991)h(International)168 2113 y(Confer)n(enc)n(e)15 b(on)h(Par)n(al)r(lel)f(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(essing,)f(vol.)i(II)f(\(Softwar)n (e\))p FE(,)f(pages)h(I)q(I{1)h({)f(I)q(I{4,)g(1991.)98 2216 y([9])21 b(J.)e(Dongarra,)f(A.)g(Geist,)h(R.)g(Manc)o(hek,)g(and)g (V.)f(Sunderam.)31 b(In)o(tegrated)18 b(PVM)g(framew)o(ork)168 2272 y(supp)q(orts)c(heterogeneous)g(net)o(w)o(ork)f(computing.)18 b Fs(Computers)e(in)e(Physics)p FE(,)f(7\(2\):166{75,)e(April)168 2329 y(1993.)75 2432 y([10])21 b(J.)c(J.)g(Dongarra,)f(R.)h(Hemp)q(el,) i(A.)e(J.)g(G.)f(Hey)l(,)i(and)f(D.)f(W.)h(W)l(alk)o(er.)25 b(A)17 b(prop)q(osal)g(for)g(a)g(user-)168 2488 y(lev)o(el,)c(message)d (passing)h(in)o(terface)g(in)h(a)e(distributed)i(memory)e(en)o (vironmen)o(t.)j(T)l(ec)o(hnical)g(Rep)q(ort)168 2544 y(TM-12231,)g(Oak)j(Ridge)g(National)g(Lab)q(oratory)l(,)e(F)l(ebruary) h(1993.)75 2647 y([11])21 b(Edin)o(burgh)g(P)o(arallel)f(Computing)g (Cen)o(tre,)g(Univ)o(ersit)o(y)g(of)f(Edin)o(burgh.)34 b Fs(CHIMP)19 b(Conc)n(epts)p FE(,)168 2704 y(June)e(1991.)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 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y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 182 190 182 189 bop 75 -100 a FE(182)987 b Ft(ANNEX)15 b(A.)30 b(LANGUA)o(GE)15 b(BINDING)75 45 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 45 15 2 v 17 w(Cart)p 358 45 V 17 w(sub\(MPI)p 543 45 V 16 w(comm)g(comm,)h(int)f(*remain)p 1085 45 V 16 w(dims,)g(MPI)p 1316 45 V 17 w(comm)h(*comm)p 1573 45 V 16 w(new\))75 132 y(int)f(MPI)p 245 132 V 17 w(Map)p 334 132 V 17 w(cart\(MPI)p 543 132 V 16 w(comm)g(comm)p 774 132 V 17 w(old,)g(int)h(ndims,)f(int)g(*dims,)g(int)h(*period,)393 189 y(int)g(*newrank\))75 276 y(int)f(MPI)p 245 276 V 17 w(Map)p 334 276 V 17 w(graph\(MPI)p 567 276 V 16 w(comm)g(comm)p 798 276 V 17 w(old,)g(int)h(nnodes,)f(int)g(*index,)g(int)g(*edges,)393 332 y(int)h(*newrank\))75 509 y Fv(A.7)59 b(C)20 b(bindings)g(fo)n(r)h (Environmental)d(Inquiry)75 611 y Fp(int)23 b(MPI)p 245 611 V 17 w(GET)p 334 611 V 17 w(VALID)p 471 611 V 16 w(TAG)p 559 611 V 17 w(RANGE\(int)g(*low,)g(int)h(*high\))75 698 y(int)f(MPI)p 245 698 V 17 w(GET)p 334 698 V 17 w(PROCESSOR)p 567 698 V 16 w(NAME\(int)g(len,)g(char)g(*name\))75 785 y(int)g(MPI)p 245 785 V 17 w(GET)p 334 785 V 17 w(HOST\(MPI)p 543 785 V 16 w(Comm)g(comm,)h(int)f(*rank\))75 872 y(int)g(MPI)p 245 872 V 17 w(GET)p 334 872 V 17 w(BUFFER)p 495 872 V 16 w(PARAMS\(int)g(*numsend,)f(int)i(*sizesend,)e(int)i(*numrecv,)393 929 y(int)g(*sizerecv,)e(int)i(*totalnumsednd,)d(int)j(*totalsizesen,) 393 985 y(int)g(*totalnumrecv,)e(int)h(*totalsizerecv\))75 1072 y(int)g(MPI)p 245 1072 V 17 w(SUGGEST)p 430 1072 V 16 w(BUFFER)p 590 1072 V 17 w(PARAMS\(int)f(numsend,)h(int)h (sizesend,)e(int)i(numrecv,)393 1129 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1881 y(int)g(MPI)p 245 1881 V 17 w(INITIALIZED\(int)f (*flag\))75 1968 y(int)h(MPI)p 245 1968 V 17 w(ABORT\(MPI)p 478 1968 V 16 w(Comm)g(comm,)h(int)f(errorcode\))75 2145 y Fv(A.8)59 b(F)n(o)n(rtran)21 b(Bindings)e(fo)n(r)i(P)n(oint-to-P)n (oint)f(Communication)75 2247 y Fp(MPI)p 150 2247 V 17 w(SEND\(BUF,)i(COUNT,)h(DATATYPE,)g(DEST,)g(TAG,)h(COMM,)f(IERROR\))170 2304 y()g(BUF\(*\))170 2360 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g (DEST,)g(TAG,)h(COMM,)f(IERROR)75 2447 y(MPI)p 150 2447 V 17 w(RECV\(BUF,)f(COUNT,)h(DATATYPE,)g(SOURCE,)g(TAG,)g(COMM,)g (STATUS,)g(IERROR\))170 2504 y()g(BUF\(*\))170 2560 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(SOURCE,)g(TAG,)g(COMM,)g (STATUS\(MPI)p 1463 2560 V 16 w(STATUS)p 1623 2560 V 17 w(SIZE\),)170 2617 y(IERROR)75 2704 y(MPI)p 150 2704 V 17 w(GET)p 239 2704 V 17 w(SOURCE\(STATUS,)e(SOURCE,)i(IERROR\))1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 183 191 183 190 bop 75 -100 a Ft(A.8.)34 b(F)o(OR)l(TRAN)16 b(BINDINGS)g(F)o (OR)g(POINT-TO-POINT)h(COMMUNICA)l(TION)185 b FE(183)170 45 y Fp(INTEGER)23 b(STATUS\(MPI)p 604 45 15 2 v 16 w(STATUS)p 764 45 V 17 w(SIZE\),)g(SOURCE,)f(IERROR)75 132 y(MPI)p 150 132 V 17 w(GET)p 239 132 V 17 w(TAG\(STATUS,)g(TAG,)h(IERROR\))170 188 y(INTEGER)g(STATUS\(MPI)p 604 188 V 16 w(STATUS)p 764 188 V 17 w(SIZE\),)g(TAG,)g(IERROR)75 275 y(MPI)p 150 275 V 17 w(GET)p 239 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y(MPI)p 150 1218 V 17 w(ISSEND\(BUF,)g(COUNT,)h(DATATYPE,)g(DEST,)g(TAG,)g (COMM,)g(REQUEST,)g(IERROR\))170 1274 y()g(BUF\(*\))170 1331 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(DEST,)g(TAG,)h(COMM,)f(REQUEST,)f (IERROR)75 1418 y(MPI)p 150 1418 V 17 w(IRECV\(BUF,)g(COUNT,)h (DATATYPE,)g(SOURCE,)g(TAG,)g(COMM,)g(REQUEST,)g(IERROR\))170 1474 y()g(BUF\(*\))170 1531 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g (SOURCE,)g(TAG,)g(COMM,)g(REQUEST,)g(IERROR)75 1618 y(MPI)p 150 1618 V 17 w(WAIT\(REQUEST,)f(STATUS,)h(IERROR\))170 1674 y(INTEGER)g(REQUEST,)g(STATUS\(MPI)p 819 1674 V 16 w(STATUS)p 979 1674 V 16 w(SIZE\),)g(IERROR)75 1761 y(MPI)p 150 1761 V 17 w(TEST\(REQUEST,)f(FLAG,)h(STATUS,)g(IERROR\))170 1817 y(INTEGER)g(REQUEST,)g(FLAG,)g(STATUS\(MPI)p 962 1817 V 16 w(STATUS)p 1122 1817 V 16 w(SIZE\),)h(IERROR)75 1904 y(MPI)p 150 1904 V 17 w(WAITANY\(COUNT,)e(ARRAY)p 645 1904 V 16 w(OF)p 709 1904 V 17 w(REQUESTS,)h(INDEX,)g(STATUS,)g (IERROR\))170 1961 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(ARRAY)p 651 1961 V 17 w(OF)p 716 1961 V 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y(48)p eop %%Page: 184 192 184 191 bop 75 -100 a FE(184)987 b Ft(ANNEX)15 b(A.)30 b(LANGUA)o(GE)15 b(BINDING)170 45 y Fp(INTEGER)23 b(SOURCE,)g(TAG,)h (COMM,)f(FLAG,)g(STATUS\(MPI)p 1201 45 15 2 v 16 w(STATUS)p 1361 45 V 16 w(SIZE\),)g(IERROR)75 134 y(MPI)p 150 134 V 17 w(PROBE\(SOURCE,)f(TAG,)h(COMM,)g(STATUS,)g(IERROR\))170 190 y(INTEGER)g(SOURCE,)g(TAG,)h(COMM,)f(STATUS\(MPI)p 1058 190 V 16 w(STATUS)p 1218 190 V 16 w(SIZE\),)g(IERROR)75 279 y(MPI)p 150 279 V 17 w(CANCEL\(REQUEST,)f(IERROR\))170 335 y(INTEGER)h(REQUEST,)g(IERROR)75 424 y(MPI)p 150 424 V 17 w(TEST)p 263 424 V 16 w(CANCELLED\(STATUS,)f(FLAG,)h(IERROR\)) 170 480 y(INTEGER)g(STATUS\(MPI)p 604 480 V 16 w(STATUS)p 764 480 V 17 w(SIZE\),)g(FLAG,)g(IERROR)75 569 y(MPI)p 150 569 V 17 w(CREATE)p 311 569 V 16 w(SEND\(BUF,)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,) f(DEST,)i(TAG,)f(COMM,)g(REQUEST,)g(IERROR\))170 625 y(INTEGER)g(REQUEST,)g(BUF,)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(DEST,)g(TAG,)h (COMM,)f(REQUEST,)g(IERROR)75 714 y(MPI)p 150 714 V 17 w(CREATE)p 311 714 V 16 w(RSEND\(BUF,)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)f(DEST,)h (TAG,)h(COMM,)f(REQUEST,)g(IERROR\))170 770 y(INTEGER)g(BUF,)h(COUNT,)f (DATATYPE,)f(DEST,)i(TAG,)f(COMM,)g(REQUEST,)g(IERROR)75 859 y(MPI)p 150 859 V 17 w(CREATE)p 311 859 V 16 w(SSEND\(BUF,)g (COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)f(DEST,)h(TAG,)h(COMM,)f(REQUEST,)g(IERROR\))170 915 y(INTEGER)g(BUF,)h(COUNT,)f(DATATYPE,)f(DEST,)i(TAG,)f(COMM,)g (REQUEST,)g(IERROR)75 1004 y(MPI)p 150 1004 V 17 w(CREATE)p 311 1004 V 16 w(RECV\(BUF,)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)f(SOURCE,)h(TAG,)h (COMM,)f(REQUEST,)g(IERROR\))170 1060 y(INTEGER)g(BUF,)h(COUNT,)f (DATATYPE,)f(SOURCE,)h(TAG,)h(COMM,)f(REQUEST,)g(IERROR)75 1149 y(MPI)p 150 1149 V 17 w(START\(REQUEST,)f(IERROR\))170 1205 y(INTEGER)h(REQUEST,)g(IERROR)75 1294 y(MPI)p 150 1294 V 17 w(STARTALL\(COUNT,)f(ARRAY)p 669 1294 V 16 w(OF)p 733 1294 V 17 w(REQUESTS,)h(IERROR\))170 1350 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(ARRAY)p 651 1350 V 17 w(OF)p 716 1350 V 17 w(REQUESTS\(*\),)f(IERROR)75 1438 y(MPI)p 150 1438 V 17 w(REQUEST)p 335 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1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 185 193 185 192 bop 75 -100 a Ft(A.9.)34 b(F)o(OR)l(TRAN)16 b(BINDINGS)g(F)o (OR)g(COLLECTIVE)g(COMMUNICA)l(TION)280 b FE(185)170 45 y Fp(INTEGER)23 b(COUNT,)g(OLDTYPE,)g(ARRAY)p 866 45 15 2 v 17 w(OF)p 931 45 V 17 w(DISPLACEMENTS\(*\),)170 102 y(ARRAY)p 293 102 V 17 w(OF)p 358 102 V 17 w(BLOCKLENGTHS\(*\),)f (NEWTYPE,)g(IERROR)75 193 y(MPI)p 150 193 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 193 V 16 w(HINDEXED\(COUNT,)g(OLDTYPE,)h(ARRAY)p 996 193 V 16 w(OF)p 1060 193 V 17 w(DISPLACEMENTS,)393 250 y(ARRAY)p 516 250 V 17 w(OF)p 581 250 V 17 w(BLOCKLENGTHS,)f (NEWTYPE,)g(IERROR\))170 306 y(INTEGER)h(COUNT,)g(OLDTYPE,)g(ARRAY)p 866 306 V 17 w(OF)p 931 306 V 17 w(DISPLACEMENTS\(*\),)170 363 y(ARRAY)p 293 363 V 17 w(OF)p 358 363 V 17 w(BLOCKLENGTHS\(*\),)f (NEWTYPE,)g(IERROR)75 454 y(MPI)p 150 454 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 454 V 16 w(STRUCT\(COUNT,)g(ARRAY)p 733 454 V 17 w(OF)p 798 454 V 17 w(TYPES,)h(ARRAY)p 1102 454 V 16 w(OF)p 1166 454 V 17 w(DISPLACEMENTS,)393 511 y(ARRAY)p 516 511 V 17 w(OF)p 581 511 V 17 w(BLOCKLENGTHS,)f(NEWTYPE,)g(IERROR\)) 170 567 y(INTEGER)h(COUNT,)g(ARRAY)p 651 567 V 17 w(OF)p 716 567 V 17 w(TYPES,)g(ARRAY)p 1020 567 V 16 w(OF)p 1084 567 V 17 w(DISPLACEMENTS\(*\),)170 624 y(ARRAY)p 293 624 V 17 w(OF)p 358 624 V 17 w(BLOCKLENGTHS\(*\),)f(NEWTYPE,)g (IERROR)75 716 y(MPI)p 150 716 V 17 w(ADDRESS\(LOCATION,)f(ADDRESS,)i (IERROR\))170 772 y()g(LOCATION\(*\))170 828 y(INTEGER)g (ADDRESS,)g(IERROR)75 920 y(MPI)p 150 920 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 920 V 16 w(EXTENT\(DATATYPE,)f(EXTENT,)h(IERROR\))170 977 y(INTEGER)g(DATATYPE,)g(EXTENT,)g(IERROR)75 1068 y(MPI)p 150 1068 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 1068 V 16 w(SIZE\(DATATYPE,)f(SIZE,) i(IERROR\))170 1125 y(INTEGER)f(DATATYPE,)g(SIZE,)g(IERROR)75 1217 y(MPI)p 150 1217 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 1217 V 16 w(COUNT\(DATATYPE,)f (COUNT,)h(IERROR\))170 1273 y(INTEGER)g(DATATYPE,)g(COUNT,)g(IERROR)75 1365 y(MPI)p 150 1365 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 1365 V 16 w(COMMIT\(DATATYPE,)f (IERROR\))170 1421 y(INTEGER)h(DATATYPE,)g(IERROR)75 1513 y(MPI)p 150 1513 V 17 w(TYPE)p 263 1513 V 16 w(FREE\(DATATYPE,)f (IERROR\))170 1570 y(INTEGER)h(DATATYPE,)g(IERROR)75 1661 y(MPI)p 150 1661 V 17 w(GET)p 239 1661 V 17 w(ELEMENTS\(STATUS,)e (DATATYPE,)i(COUNT,)g(IERROR\))170 1718 y(INTEGER)g(STATUS\(MPI)p 604 1718 V 16 w(STATUS)p 764 1718 V 17 w(SIZE\),)g(DATATYPE,)f(COUNT,)h (IERROR)75 1921 y Fv(A.9)59 b(F)n(o)n(rtran)21 b(Bindings)e(fo)n(r)i (Collective)e(Communication)75 2033 y Fp(MPI)p 150 2033 V 17 w(BARRIER\(COMM\))170 2090 y(INTEGER)k(COMM,)h(IERROR)75 2181 y(MPI)p 150 2181 V 17 w(BCAST\(BUFFER,)e(COUNT,)h(DATATYPE,)g (ROOT,)g(COMM\))170 2238 y(INTEGER)g(BUFFER,)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g (ROOT,)g(COMM,)g(IERROR)75 2330 y(MPI)p 150 2330 V 17 w(GATHER\(SENDBUF,)f(SENDCOUNT,)g(SENDTYPE,)h(RECVBUF,)f(RECVCOUNT,)h (RECVTYPE,)393 2386 y(ROOT,)g(COMM\))170 2442 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),) g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 2499 y(INTEGER)g(SENDCOUNT,)g(SENDTYPE,)f (RECVCOUNT,)h(RECVTYPE,)g(ROOT,)g(COMM,)g(IERROR)75 2591 y(MPI)p 150 2591 V 17 w(GATHERV\(SENDBUF,)e(SENDCOUNT,)i(SENDTYPE,)g (RECVBUF,)f(DISPLS,)h(RECVCOUNTS,)393 2647 y(RECVTYPE,)g(ROOT,)g (COMM\))170 2704 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 186 194 186 193 bop 75 -100 a FE(186)987 b Ft(ANNEX)15 b(A.)30 b(LANGUA)o(GE)15 b(BINDING)170 45 y Fp(INTEGER)23 b(SENDCOUNT,)g (SENDTYPE,)f(DISPLS,)h(RECVCOUNTS,)g(RECVTYPE,)f(ROOT,)i(COMM,)170 102 y(IERROR)75 192 y(MPI)p 150 192 15 2 v 17 w(SCATTER\(SENDBUF,)d (SENDCOUNT,)i(SENDTYPE,)g(RECVBUF,)f(RECVCOUNT,)h(RECVTYPE,)393 249 y(ROOT,)g(COMM\))170 305 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\)) 170 362 y(INTEGER)g(SENDCOUNT,)g(SENDTYPE,)f(RECVCOUNT,)h(RECVTYPE,)g (ROOT,)g(COMM,)g(IERROR)75 453 y(MPI)p 150 453 V 17 w (SCATTERV\(SENDBUF,)e(DISPLS,)i(SENDCOUNTS,)g(SENDTYPE,)f(RECVBUF,)h (RECVCOUNT,)393 509 y(RECVTYPE,)g(ROOT,)g(COMM\))170 566 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 622 y(INTEGER)g (DISPLS,)g(SENDCOUNTS,)g(SENDTYPE,)f(RECVCOUNT,)h(RECVTYPE,)f(ROOT,)i (COMM,)170 678 y(IERROR)75 769 y(MPI)p 150 769 V 17 w (ALLGATHER\(SENDBUF,)d(SENDCOUNT,)i(SENDTYPE,)f(RECVBUF,)h(RECVCOUNT,)g (RECVTYPE,)393 826 y(COMM\))170 882 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g (RECVBUF\(*\))170 939 y(INTEGER)g(SENDCOUNT,)g(SENDTYPE,)f(RECVCOUNT,)h (RECVTYPE,)g(COMM,)g(IERROR)75 1029 y(MPI)p 150 1029 V 17 w(ALLGATHERV\(SENDBUF,)e(SENDCOUNT,)i(SENDTYPE,)f(RECVBUF,)h (DISPLS,)g(RECVCOUNTS,)393 1086 y(RECVTYPE,)g(COMM\))170 1142 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 1199 y(INTEGER)g(SENDCOUNT,)g(SENDTYPE,)f(DISPLS,)h(RECVCOUNTS,)g(RECVTYPE,) f(COMM,)i(IERROR)75 1290 y(MPI)p 150 1290 V 17 w(ALLTOALL\(SENDBUF,)d (SENDCOUNT,)i(SENDTYPE,)f(RECVBUF,)h(RECVCOUNT,)g(RECVTYPE,)393 1346 y(COMM\))170 1403 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 1459 y(INTEGER)g(SENDCOUNT,)g(SENDTYPE,)f(RECVCOUNT,)h(RECVTYPE,)g (COMM,)g(IERROR)75 1550 y(MPI)p 150 1550 V 17 w(ALLTOALLV\(SENDBUF,)e (SDISPLS,)i(SENDCOUNTS,)f(SENDTYPE,)h(RECVBUF,)g(RDISPLS,)393 1606 y(RECVCOUNTS,)g(RECVTYPE,)f(COMM\))170 1663 y()h (SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 1719 y(INTEGER)g(SDISPLS,)g (SENDCOUNTS,)f(SENDTYPE,)h(RDISPLS,)g(RECVCOUNTS,)f(RECVTYPE,)170 1776 y(COMM,)i(IERROR)75 1867 y(MPI)p 150 1867 V 17 w(REDUCE\(SENDBUF,) e(RECVBUF,)g(COUNT,)h(DATATYPE,)g(OP,)g(ROOT,)h(COMM\))170 1923 y()f(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 1979 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(OP,)g(ROOT,)h(COMM,)f(IERROR)75 2070 y(MPI)p 150 2070 V 17 w(USER)p 263 2070 V 16 w(REDUCE\(SENDBUF,)f (RECVBUF,)h(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(FUNCTION,)f(ROOT,)h(COMM\))170 2127 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 2183 y(EXTERNAL)g(FUNCTION)170 2240 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(ROOT,)g (COMM,)g(IERROR)75 2330 y(MPI)p 150 2330 V 17 w(USER)p 263 2330 V 16 w(REDUCEA\(SENDBUF,)f(RECVBUF,)h(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g (FUNCTION,)f(ROOT,)h(COMM\))170 2387 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g (RECVBUF\(*\))170 2443 y(EXTERNAL)g(FUNCTION)170 2500 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(ROOT,)g(COMM,)g(IERROR)75 2591 y(MPI)p 150 2591 V 17 w(ALLREDUCE\(SENDBUF,)e(RECVBUF,)i(COUNT,)g (DATATYPE,)g(OP,)g(COMM\))170 2647 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g (RECVBUF\(*\))170 2704 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(OP,)g(COMM,)h (IERROR)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 187 195 187 194 bop 75 -100 a Ft(A.10.)27 b(F)o(OR)l(TRAN)11 b(BINDINGS)g(F)o(OR)g(GR)o(OUPS,)f(CONTEXTS,)g(AND)g(COMMUNICA)l(TORS)p FE(187)75 45 y Fp(MPI)p 150 45 15 2 v 17 w(USER)p 263 45 V 16 w(ALLREDUCE\(SENDBUF,)22 b(RECVBUF,)h(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)f (FUNCTION,)h(COMM\))170 102 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 158 y(EXTERNAL)g(FUNCTION)170 214 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g (COMM,)g(IERROR)75 303 y(MPI)p 150 303 V 17 w(USER)p 263 303 V 16 w(ALLREDUCEA\(SENDBUF,)f(RECVBUF,)g(COUNT,)h(DATATYPE,)g (FUNCTION,)g(COMM\))170 360 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 416 y(EXTERNAL)g(FUNCTION)170 473 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g (COMM,)g(IERROR)75 562 y(MPI)p 150 562 V 17 w(REDUCE)p 311 562 V 16 w(SCATTER\(SENDBUF,)f(RECVBUF,)h(RECVCOUNTS,)f(DATATYPE,)h (OP,)g(COMM\))170 618 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 675 y(INTEGER)g(RECVCOUNTS,)g(DATATYPE,)f(OP,)i(COMM,)f(IERROR)75 763 y(MPI)p 150 763 V 17 w(SCAN\(SENDBUF,)f(RECVBUF,)h(COUNT,)g (DATATYPE,)f(OP,)i(COMM\))170 820 y()f(SENDBUF\(*\),)g (RECVBUF\(*\))170 876 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(OP,)g(COMM,)h (IERROR)75 965 y(MPI)p 150 965 V 17 w(USER)p 263 965 V 16 w(SCAN\(SENDBUF,)e(RECVBUF,)h(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g(FUNCTION,)g (COMM\))170 1022 y()g(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\))170 1078 y(EXTERNAL)g(FUNCTION)170 1135 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g (COMM,)g(IERROR)75 1223 y(MPI)p 150 1223 V 17 w(USER)p 263 1223 V 16 w(SCANA\(SENDBUF,)f(RECVBUF,)h(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,)g (FUNCTION,)f(COMM\))170 1280 y()h(SENDBUF\(*\),)g(RECVBUF\(*\)) 170 1336 y(EXTERNAL)g(FUNCTION)170 1393 y(INTEGER)g(COUNT,)g(DATATYPE,) g(COMM,)g(IERROR)75 1580 y Fv(A.10)59 b(F)n(o)n(rtran)21 b(Bindings)e(fo)n(r)i(Groups,)f(Contexts,)d(and)j(Communicato)n(rs)75 1686 y Fp(MPI)p 150 1686 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 1686 V 16 w(SIZE\(GROUP,)j(SIZE,)g(IERROR\))170 1743 y(INTEGER)g(GROUP,)g(SIZE,)h (IERROR)75 1832 y(MPI)p 150 1832 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 1832 V 16 w(RANK\(GROUP,)f(RANK,)g(IERROR\))170 1888 y(INTEGER)g(GROUP,)g (RANK,)h(IERROR)75 1977 y(MPI)p 150 1977 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 1977 V 16 w(TRANSLATE)p 519 1977 V 16 w(RANKS\(GROUP1,)e(N,)i (RANKS1,)f(GROUP2,)g(RANKS2,)g(IERROR\))170 2033 y(INTEGER)g(GROUP1,)g (N,)h(RANKS1,)f(GROUP2,)g(RANKS2,)g(IERROR)75 2122 y(MPI)p 150 2122 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 2122 V 16 w(UNION\(GROUP1,)f(GROUP2,)h (NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR\))170 2179 y(INTEGER)g(GROUP1,)g(GROUP2,)g (NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR)75 2268 y(MPI)p 150 2268 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 2268 V 16 w(INTERSECTION\(GROUP1,)e(GROUP2,)i(NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR\)) 170 2324 y(INTEGER)g(GROUP1,)g(GROUP2,)g(NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR)75 2413 y(MPI)p 150 2413 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 2413 V 16 w (DIFFERENCE\(GROUP1,)f(GROUP2,)h(NEWGROUP,)f(IERROR\))170 2469 y(INTEGER)h(GROUP1,)g(GROUP2,)g(NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR)75 2558 y(MPI)p 150 2558 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 2558 V 16 w(INCL\(GROUP,)g(N,) g(RANKS,)g(NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR\))170 2615 y(INTEGER)g(GROUP,)g(N,)h (RANKS,)f(NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR)75 2704 y(MPI)p 150 2704 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 2704 V 16 w(EXCL\(GROUP,)g(N,)g(RANKS,)g(NEWGROUP,)g (IERROR\))-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 188 196 188 195 bop 75 -100 a FE(188)987 b Ft(ANNEX)15 b(A.)30 b(LANGUA)o(GE)15 b(BINDING)170 45 y Fp(INTEGER)23 b(GROUP,)g(N,)h (RANKS,)f(NEWGROUP,)g(IERROR)75 133 y(MPI)p 150 133 15 2 v 17 w(GROUP)p 287 133 V 16 w(RANGE)p 423 133 V 17 w(INCL\(GROUP,)f(N,)i(RANGES,)f(NEWGROUP,)f(IERROR\))170 190 y(INTEGER)h(GROUP,)g(N,)h(RANGES\(*,*\),)e(NEWGROUP,)h(IERROR)75 278 y(MPI)p 150 278 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 278 V 16 w(RANGE)p 423 278 V 17 w(EXCL\(GROUP,)f(N,)i(RANGES,)f(NEWGROUP,)f(IERROR\))170 334 y(INTEGER)h(GROUP,)g(N,)h(RANGES\(*,*\),)e(NEWGROUP,)h(IERROR)75 422 y(MPI)p 150 422 V 17 w(GROUP)p 287 422 V 16 w(FREE\(GROUP,)g (IERROR\))170 479 y(INTEGER)g(GROUP,)g(IERROR)75 567 y(MPI)p 150 567 V 17 w(COMM)p 263 567 V 16 w(SIZE\(COMM,)g(SIZE,)g (IERROR\))170 623 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(SIZE,)f(IERROR)75 711 y(MPI)p 150 711 V 17 w(COMM)p 263 711 V 16 w(RANK\(COMM,)g(RANK,)g (IERROR\))170 768 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(RANK,)f(IERROR)75 856 y(MPI)p 150 856 V 17 w(COMM)p 263 856 V 16 w(GROUP\(COMM,)g(GROUP,) g(IERROR\))170 912 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(GROUP,)f(IERROR)75 1001 y(MPI)p 150 1001 V 17 w(COMM)p 263 1001 V 16 w(DUP\(COMM,)g (NEWCOMM,)g(IERROR\))170 1057 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(NEWCOMM,)e(IERROR)75 1145 y(MPI)p 150 1145 V 17 w(COMM)p 263 1145 V 16 w(MAKE\(COMM,)h (GROUP,)g(NEWCOMM,)g(IERROR\))170 1202 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(GROUP,)f (NEWCOMM,)f(IERROR)75 1290 y(MPI)p 150 1290 V 17 w(COMM)p 263 1290 V 16 w(SPLIT\(COMM,)h(COLOR,)g(KEY,)g(NEWCOMM,)g(IERROR\))170 1346 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(COLOR,)f(KEY,)g(NEWCOMM,)g(IERROR)75 1434 y(MPI)p 150 1434 V 17 w(COMM)p 263 1434 V 16 w(FREE\(COMM,)g (IERROR\))170 1491 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(IERROR)75 1579 y(MPI)p 150 1579 V 17 w(COMM)p 263 1579 V 16 w(TEST)p 375 1579 V 17 w(INTER\(COMM,)e(FLAG,)i(IERROR\))170 1635 y(INTEGER)f(COMM,)h(FLAG,)f(IERROR)75 1723 y(MPI)p 150 1723 V 17 w(INTERCOMM)p 383 1723 V 16 w(START\(LOCAL)p 663 1723 V 15 w(COMM,)h(LOCAL)p 942 1723 V 16 w(LEADER,)f(PEER)p 1245 1723 V 17 w(COMM,)g(REMOTE)p 1549 1723 V 16 w(LEADER,)g(TAG,)393 1780 y(NEW)p 468 1780 V 17 w(COMM,)g(INTER)p 748 1780 V 17 w(REQUEST,)f(IERROR\))170 1836 y(INTEGER)h(LOCAL)p 484 1836 V 17 w(COMM,)g(LOCAL)p 764 1836 V 17 w(LEADER,)f(PEER)p 1067 1836 V 17 w(COMM,)h(REMOTE)p 1371 1836 V 17 w(LEADER,)g(TAG,)170 1893 y(INTER)p 293 1893 V 17 w(REQUEST,)g(IERROR)75 1981 y(MPI)p 150 1981 V 17 w(INTERCOMM)p 383 1981 V 16 w(FINISH\(INTER)p 687 1981 V 15 w(REQUEST,)g(IERROR\))170 2037 y(INTEGER)g(INTER)p 484 2037 V 17 w(REQUEST,)g(NEWCOMM,)f(IERROR)75 2125 y(MPI)p 150 2125 V 17 w(INTERCOMM)p 383 2125 V 16 w(MERGE\(INTERCOMM,)f (KEY,)j(NEWINTERCOMM,)e(IERROR\))170 2182 y(INTEGER)h(INTERCOMM,)g (KEY,)g(NEWINTRACOMM,)f(IERROR)75 2270 y(MPI)p 150 2270 V 17 w(INTERCOMM)p 383 2270 V 16 w(NAME)p 495 2270 V 16 w(START\(COMM,)h(NAME,)g(NEW)p 1013 2270 V 17 w(COMM,)g(INTER)p 1293 2270 V 16 w(REQUEST,)g(IERROR\))170 2326 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h (NAME,)f(NEW)p 723 2326 V 16 w(COMM,)h(INTER)p 1003 2326 V 16 w(REQUEST,)f(IERROR)75 2414 y(MPI)p 150 2414 V 17 w(ATTR)p 263 2414 V 16 w(GET)p 351 2414 V 17 w(KEY\(COPY)p 560 2414 V 16 w(FN,)h(DELETE)p 816 2414 V 16 w(FN,)g(KEYVAL,)e(EXTRA)p 1238 2414 V 17 w(STATE,)h(IERROR\))170 2471 y(INTEGER)g(COPY)p 460 2471 V 17 w(FN,)g(DELETE)p 716 2471 V 17 w(FN,)g(KEYVAL,)g(EXTRA)p 1139 2471 V 17 w(STATE,)g(IERROR)75 2559 y(MPI)p 150 2559 V 17 w(ATTR)p 263 2559 V 16 w(FREE)p 375 2559 V 17 w(KEY\(KEYVAL,)f(IERROR\))170 2615 y(INTEGER)h(KEYVAL,)g(IERROR)75 2704 y(MPI)p 150 2704 V 17 w(ATTR)p 263 2704 V 16 w(PUT)p 351 2704 V 17 w(VALUE\(COMM,)g(KEYVAL,)f(ATTRIBUTE)p 1061 2704 V 16 w(VAL,)i(IERROR\))1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 189 197 189 196 bop 75 -100 a Ft(A.11.)34 b(F)o(OR)l(TRAN)16 b(BINDINGS)g(F)o(OR)g(PR)o(OCESS)f(TOPOLOGIES)460 b FE(189)170 45 y Fp(INTEGER)23 b(COMM,)h(KEYVAL,)e(ATTRIBUTE)p 914 45 15 2 v 16 w(VAL,)i(IERROR)75 135 y(MPI)p 150 135 V 17 w(ATTR)p 263 135 V 16 w(GET)p 351 135 V 17 w(VALUE\(COMM,)f(KEYVAL,) f(ATTRIBUTE)p 1061 135 V 16 w(VAL,)i(FOUND,)f(IERROR\))170 191 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(KEYVAL,)e(ATTRIBUTE)p 914 191 V 16 w(VAL,)i(FOUND,)f(IERROR)75 281 y(MPI)p 150 281 V 17 w(ATTR)p 263 281 V 16 w(DELETE)p 423 281 V 17 w(VALUE\(COMM,)f (KEYVAL,)h(IERROR\))170 337 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(KEYVAL,)e(IERROR)75 528 y Fv(A.11)59 b(F)n(o)n(rtran)21 b(Bindings)e(fo)n(r)i(Pro)r(cess)e (T)-5 b(op)r(ologies)75 636 y Fp(MPI)p 150 636 V 17 w(MAKE)p 263 636 V 16 w(CART\(COMM)p 495 636 V 16 w(OLD,)24 b(NDIMS,)f(DIMS,)g (PERIODS,)g(REORDER,)f(COMM)p 1466 636 V 17 w(CART,)h(IERROR\))170 692 y(INTEGER)g(COMM)p 460 692 V 17 w(OLD,)g(NDIMS,)g(DIMS\(*\),)g (PERIODS\(*\),)f(REORDER,)h(COMM)p 1575 692 V 17 w(CART,)170 749 y(IERROR)75 838 y(MPI)p 150 838 V 17 w(MAKE)p 263 838 V 16 w(DIMS\(NNODES,)g(NDIMS,)g(DIMS,)g(IERROR\))170 895 y(INTEGER)g(NNODES,)g(NDIMS,)g(DIMS\(*\),)g(IERROR)75 984 y(MPI)p 150 984 V 17 w(MAKE)p 263 984 V 16 w(GRAPH\(COMM)p 519 984 V 16 w(OLD,)h(NNODES,)e(INDEX,)h(EDGES,)h(REORDER,)e(COMM)p 1490 984 V 17 w(GRAPH,)h(IERROR\))170 1041 y(INTEGER)g(COMM)p 460 1041 V 17 w(OLD,)g(NNODES,)g(INDEX\(*\),)g(EDGES\(*\),)f (REORDER\(*\),)h(COMM)p 1647 1041 V 16 w(GRAPH,)170 1097 y(IERROR)75 1187 y(MPI)p 150 1187 V 17 w(TOPO)p 263 1187 V 16 w(STATUS\(COMM,)g(STATUS,)g(IERROR\))170 1243 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h (STATUS,)e(IERROR)75 1333 y(MPI)p 150 1333 V 17 w(GET)p 239 1333 V 17 w(GRAPHDIMS\(COMM,)f(NNODES,)i(NEDGES,)g(IERROR\))170 1389 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(NNODES,)e(NEDGES,)h(IERROR)75 1479 y(MPI)p 150 1479 V 17 w(GET)p 239 1479 V 17 w(GRAPH\(COMM,)f (MAXINDEX,)h(MAXEDGES,)f(INDEX,)h(EDGES,)g(IERROR\))170 1535 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(MAXINDEX,)e(MAXEDGES,)h(INDEX\(*\),)f (EDGES\(*\),)h(IERROR)75 1625 y(MPI)p 150 1625 V 17 w(GET)p 239 1625 V 17 w(CARTDIM\(COMM,)f(NDIMS,)h(IERROR\))170 1681 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(NDIMS,)f(IERROR)75 1771 y(MPI)p 150 1771 V 17 w(GET)p 239 1771 V 17 w(CART\(COMM,)f(MAXDIMS,)h(DIMS,)g (PERIOD,)g(COORD,)g(IERROR\))170 1827 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(MAXDIMS,)e (DIMS\(*\),)h(PERIOD\(*\),)g(COORD\(*\),)f(IERROR)75 1917 y(MPI)p 150 1917 V 17 w(CART)p 263 1917 V 16 w(RANK\(COMM,)h (COORD,)g(RANK,)g(IERROR\))170 1973 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(COORD\(*\),)e (RANK,)h(IERROR)75 2063 y(MPI)p 150 2063 V 17 w(CART)p 263 2063 V 16 w(COORD\(COMM,)g(RANK,)g(MAXDIMS,)g(COORD,)g(IERROR\))170 2119 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(RANK,)f(MAXDIMS,)f(COORD\(*\),)h(IERROR)75 2209 y(MPI)p 150 2209 V 17 w(GRAPH)p 287 2209 V 16 w(NEIGHBOR)p 495 2209 V 16 w(COUNT\(COMM,)g(RANK,)g(NNEIGHBORS,)f(IERROR\))170 2265 y(INTEGER)h(COMM,)h(RANK,)f(NNEIGHBORS,)f(IERROR)75 2355 y(MPI)p 150 2355 V 17 w(GRAPH)p 287 2355 V 16 w(NEIGHBORS\(COMM,)g (RANK,)h(MAXNEIGHBORS,)f(NEIGHBORS,)h(IERROR\))170 2412 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(RANK,)f(MAXNEIGHBORS,)f(NEIGHBORS\(*\),)g(IERROR)75 2501 y(MPI)p 150 2501 V 17 w(CART)p 263 2501 V 16 w(SHIFT\(COMM,)h (DIRECTION,)f(DISP,)h(RANK)p 1067 2501 V 17 w(SOURCE,)g(RANK)p 1371 2501 V 17 w(DEST,)g(IERROR\))170 2558 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h (DIRECTION,)e(DISP,)h(RANK)p 1009 2558 V 17 w(SOURCE,)g(RANK)p 1313 2558 V 16 w(DEST,)h(IERROR)75 2647 y(MPI)p 150 2647 V 17 w(CART)p 263 2647 V 16 w(SUB\(COMM,)f(REMAIN)p 662 2647 V 16 w(DIMS,)h(COMM)p 918 2647 V 16 w(NEW,)g(IERROR\))170 2704 y(INTEGER)f(COMM,)h(REMAIN)p 652 2704 V 16 w(DIMS\(*\),)f(COMM)p 979 2704 V 16 w(NEW,)h(IERROR)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 190 198 190 197 bop 75 -100 a FE(190)987 b Ft(ANNEX)15 b(A.)30 b(LANGUA)o(GE)15 b(BINDING)75 45 y Fp(MPI)p 150 45 15 2 v 17 w(MAP)p 239 45 V 17 w(CART\(COMM)p 472 45 V 15 w(OLD,)24 b(NDIMS,)f(DIMS,)g(PERIOD,)g(NEWRANK,)g(IERROR\))170 102 y(INTEGER)g(COMM)p 460 102 V 17 w(OLD,)g(NDIMS,)g(DIMS\(*\),)g (PERIOD\(*\),)g(NEWRANK,)f(IERROR)75 192 y(MPI)p 150 192 V 17 w(MAP)p 239 192 V 17 w(GRAPH\(COMM)p 496 192 V 15 w(OLD,)i(NNODES,)f(INDEX,)g(EDGES,)g(NEWRANK,)f(IERROR\))170 248 y(INTEGER)h(COMM)p 460 248 V 17 w(OLD,)g(NNODES,)g(INDEX\(*\),)g (EDGES\(*\),)f(NEWRANK,)h(IERROR)75 442 y Fv(A.12)59 b(F)n(o)n(rtran)21 b(Bindings)e(fo)n(r)i(Environmental)d(Inquiry)75 550 y Fp(MPI)p 150 550 V 17 w(GET)p 239 550 V 17 w(VALID)p 376 550 V 16 w(TAG)p 464 550 V 17 w(RANGE\(LOW,)k(HIGH,)h(IERROR\))170 607 y(INTEGER)g(LOW,)h(HIGH,)f(IERROR)75 697 y(MPI)p 150 697 V 17 w(GET)p 239 697 V 17 w(PROCESSOR)p 472 697 V 15 w(NAME\(LEN,)g(NAME,)g(IERROR\))170 753 y(INTEGER)g(LEN,)h(NAME,)f (IERROR)75 843 y(MPI)p 150 843 V 17 w(GET)p 239 843 V 17 w(HOST\(COMM,)f(RANK,)h(IERROR\))170 900 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(RANK,)f (IERROR)75 990 y(MPI)p 150 990 V 17 w(GET)p 239 990 V 17 w(BUFFER)p 400 990 V 16 w(PARAMS\(NUMSEND,)f(SIZESEND,)g(NUMRECV,)h (SIZERECV,)g(TOTALNUMSEDND,)393 1046 y(TOTALSIZESEN,)f(TOTALNUMRECV,)g (TOTALSIZERECV,)g(IERROR\))170 1103 y(INTEGER)h(NUMSEND,)g(SIZESEND,)g (NUMRECV,)g(SIZERECV,)f(TOTALNUMSEDND,)170 1159 y(TOTALSIZESEN,)h (TOTALNUMRECV,)f(TOTALSIZERECV,)g(IERROR)75 1249 y(MPI)p 150 1249 V 17 w(SUGGEST)p 335 1249 V 16 w(BUFFER)p 495 1249 V 16 w(PARAMS\(NUMSEND,)g(SIZESEND,)h(NUMRECV,)g(SIZERECV,)393 1306 y(TOTALNUMSEND,)f(TOTALSIZESEN,)g(TOTALNUMRECV,)g(TOTALSIZERECV,)g (FLAG,)393 1362 y(IERROR\))170 1419 y(INTEGER)h(NUMSEND,)g(SIZESEND,)g (NUMRECV,)g(SIZERECV,)f(TOTALNUMSEND,)170 1475 y(TOTALSIZESEN,)h (TOTALNUMRECV,)f(TOTALSIZERECV,)g(FLAG,)h(IERROR)75 1565 y(MPI)p 150 1565 V 17 w(USER)p 263 1565 V 16 w(SPECIFIES)p 495 1565 V 16 w(BUFFER\(COMM,)g(BUFFER,)f(SIZE,)i(IERROR\))170 1622 y()f(SENDBUF\(*\))170 1678 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(BUFFER,)e (SIZE,)i(IERROR)75 1768 y(MPI)p 150 1768 V 17 w(GET)p 239 1768 V 17 w(ERRORMODE\(COMM,)d(MODE,)j(IERROR\))170 1825 y(INTEGER)f(COMM,)h(MODE,)f(IERROR)75 1915 y(MPI)p 150 1915 V 17 w(SET)p 239 1915 V 17 w(ERRORMODE\(COMM,)e(MODE,)j (IERROR\))170 1971 y(INTEGER)f(COMM,)h(MODE,)f(IERROR)75 2061 y(MPI)p 150 2061 V 17 w(SET)p 239 2061 V 17 w(ERRHANDLER\(COMM,)e (HANDLER,)i(IERROR\))170 2118 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(HANDLER,)e(IERROR)75 2208 y(MPI)p 150 2208 V 17 w(ERROR)p 287 2208 V 16 w (STRING\(ERRORCODE,)g(LEN,)h(STRING,)g(IERROR\))170 2264 y(INTEGER)g(ERRORCODE,)g(LEN,)g(STRING,)g(IERROR)75 2354 y(MPI)p 150 2354 V 17 w(INIT\(IERROR\))170 2411 y(INTEGER)g(IERROR)75 2501 y(MPI)p 150 2501 V 17 w(FINALIZE\(IERROR\))170 2557 y(INTEGER)g(IERROR)75 2647 y(MPI)p 150 2647 V 17 w(INITIALIZED\(FLAG,)e (IERROR\))170 2704 y(INTEGER)i(FLAG,)h(IERROR)1967 46 y FB(1)1967 103 y(2)1967 159 y(3)1967 215 y(4)1967 272 y(5)1967 328 y(6)1967 385 y(7)1967 441 y(8)1967 498 y(9)1959 554 y(10)1959 611 y(11)1959 667 y(12)1959 724 y(13)1959 780 y(14)1959 836 y(15)1959 893 y(16)1959 949 y(17)1959 1006 y(18)1959 1062 y(19)1959 1119 y(20)1959 1175 y(21)1959 1232 y(22)1959 1288 y(23)1959 1345 y(24)1959 1401 y(25)1959 1457 y(26)1959 1514 y(27)1959 1570 y(28)1959 1627 y(29)1959 1683 y(30)1959 1740 y(31)1959 1796 y(32)1959 1853 y(33)1959 1909 y(34)1959 1966 y(35)1959 2022 y(36)1959 2078 y(37)1959 2135 y(38)1959 2191 y(39)1959 2248 y(40)1959 2304 y(41)1959 2361 y(42)1959 2417 y(43)1959 2474 y(44)1959 2530 y(45)1959 2587 y(46)1959 2643 y(47)1959 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 191 199 191 198 bop 75 -100 a Ft(A.12.)34 b(F)o(OR)l(TRAN)16 b(BINDINGS)g(F)o(OR)g(ENVIR)o(ONMENT)l(AL)g(INQUIR)l(Y)364 b FE(191)75 45 y Fp(MPI)p 150 45 15 2 v 17 w(ABORT\(COMM,)22 b(ERRORCODE,)h(IERROR\))170 102 y(INTEGER)g(COMM,)h(ERRORCODE,)e (IERROR)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Page: 192 200 192 199 bop 75 283 a FA(MPI)40 b(F)-10 b(unction)40 b(Index)75 490 y FE(MPI)p 167 490 14 2 v 16 w(ABOR)l(T,)16 b(160)75 547 y(MPI)p 167 547 V 16 w(ADDRESS,)g(52)75 604 y(MPI)p 167 604 V 16 w(ALLGA)l(THER,)g(87)75 661 y(MPI)p 167 661 V 16 w(ALLGA)l(THER)-5 b(V,)16 b(88)75 717 y(MPI)p 167 717 V 16 w(ALLREDUCE,)g(97)75 774 y(MPI)p 167 774 V 16 w(ALL)l(TO)o(ALL,)h(89)75 831 y(MPI)p 167 831 V 16 w(ALL)l(TO)o(ALL)-5 b(V,)17 b(90)75 887 y(MPI)p 167 887 V 16 w(A)l(TTR)p 312 887 V 17 w(DELETE)p 518 887 V 16 w(V)-5 b(ALUE,)16 b(124)75 944 y(MPI)p 167 944 V 16 w(A)l(TTR)p 312 944 V 17 w(FREE)p 454 944 V 17 w(KEY,)f(123)75 1001 y(MPI)p 167 1001 V 16 w(A)l(TTR)p 312 1001 V 17 w(GET)p 429 1001 V 16 w(KEY,)g(122)75 1057 y(MPI)p 167 1057 V 16 w(A)l(TTR)p 312 1057 V 17 w(GET)p 429 1057 V 16 w(V)-5 b(ALUE,)15 b(123)75 1114 y(MPI)p 167 1114 V 16 w(A)l(TTR)p 312 1114 V 17 w(PUT)p 427 1114 V 16 w(V)-5 b(ALUE,)16 b(123)75 1217 y(MPI)p 167 1217 V 16 w(BARRIER,)h(71)75 1273 y(MPI)p 167 1273 V 16 w(BCAST,)e(73)75 1376 y(MPI)p 167 1376 V 16 w(CANCEL,)g(37)75 1432 y(MPI)p 167 1432 V 16 w(CAR)l(T)p 312 1432 V 17 w(COORD,)h(147)75 1489 y(MPI)p 167 1489 V 16 w(CAR)l(T)p 312 1489 V 17 w(RANK,)g(146)75 1546 y(MPI)p 167 1546 V 16 w(CAR)l(T)p 312 1546 V 17 w(SHIFT,)f(148)75 1603 y(MPI)p 167 1603 V 16 w(CAR)l(T)p 312 1603 V 17 w(SUB,)g(149)75 1659 y(MPI)p 167 1659 V 16 w(COMM)p 335 1659 V 16 w(DUP)l(,)g(114)75 1716 y(MPI)p 167 1716 V 16 w(COMM)p 335 1716 V 16 w(FREE,)g(116)75 1773 y(MPI)p 167 1773 V 16 w(COMM)p 335 1773 V 16 w(GR)o(OUP)l(,)g(114) 75 1829 y(MPI)p 167 1829 V 16 w(COMM)p 335 1829 V 16 w(INIT,)h(67)75 1886 y(MPI)p 167 1886 V 16 w(COMM)p 335 1886 V 16 w(MAKE,)f(115)75 1943 y(MPI)p 167 1943 V 16 w(COMM)p 335 1943 V 16 w(RANK,)h(114)75 1999 y(MPI)p 167 1999 V 16 w(COMM)p 335 1999 V 16 w(SIZE,)f(114)75 2056 y(MPI)p 167 2056 V 16 w(COMM)p 335 2056 V 16 w(SPLIT,)h(115)75 2113 y(MPI)p 167 2113 V 16 w(COMM)p 335 2113 V 16 w(TEST)p 473 2113 V 16 w(INTER,)g(118)75 2170 y(MPI)p 167 2170 V 16 w(CREA)l(TE)p 374 2170 V 17 w(RECV,)f(40)75 2226 y(MPI)p 167 2226 V 16 w(CREA)l(TE)p 374 2226 V 17 w(RSEND,)g(39)75 2283 y(MPI)p 167 2283 V 16 w(CREA)l(TE)p 374 2283 V 17 w(SEND,)g(39)75 2340 y(MPI)p 167 2340 V 16 w(CREA)l(TE)p 374 2340 V 17 w(SSEND,)g(40)75 2442 y(MPI)p 167 2442 V 16 w(ERR)o(OR)p 347 2442 V 18 w(STRING,)h(159)75 2544 y(MPI)p 167 2544 V 16 w(FINALIZE,)g(159)75 2647 y(MPI)p 167 2647 V 16 w(GA)l(THER,)f(73)75 2704 y(MPI)p 167 2704 V 16 w(GA)l(THER)-5 b(V,)15 b(74)1048 490 y(MPI)p 1140 490 V 16 w(GET)p 1256 490 V 16 w(BUFFER)p 1462 490 V 16 w(P)l(ARAMS,)h(154)1048 547 y(MPI)p 1140 547 V 16 w(GET)p 1256 547 V 16 w(CAR)l(T,)f(146)1048 603 y(MPI)p 1140 603 V 16 w(GET)p 1256 603 V 16 w(CAR)l(TDIM,)g(146)1048 660 y(MPI)p 1140 660 V 16 w(GET)p 1256 660 V 16 w(COUNT,)g(19)1048 716 y(MPI)p 1140 716 V 16 w(GET)p 1256 716 V 16 w(ELEMENTS,)g(57)1048 773 y(MPI)p 1140 773 V 16 w(GET)p 1256 773 V 16 w(ERR)o(ORMODE,)h(158) 1048 829 y(MPI)p 1140 829 V 16 w(GET)p 1256 829 V 16 w(GRAPH,)f(145)1048 886 y(MPI)p 1140 886 V 16 w(GET)p 1256 886 V 16 w(GRAPHDIMS,)g(145)1048 942 y(MPI)p 1140 942 V 16 w(GET)p 1256 942 V 16 w(HOST,)g(153)1048 999 y(MPI)p 1140 999 V 16 w(GET)p 1256 999 V 16 w(PR)o(OCESSOR)p 1552 999 V 18 w(NAME,)f(152)1048 1055 y(MPI)p 1140 1055 V 16 w(GET)p 1256 1055 V 16 w(SOUR)o(CE,)h(18)1048 1111 y(MPI)p 1140 1111 V 16 w(GET)p 1256 1111 V 16 w(T)l(A)o(G,)f(18)1048 1168 y(MPI)p 1140 1168 V 16 w(GET)p 1256 1168 V 16 w(V)-5 b(ALID)p 1414 1168 V 17 w(T)l(A)o(G)p 1529 1168 V 16 w(RANGE,)15 b(152)1048 1224 y(MPI)p 1140 1224 V 16 w(GRAPH)p 1324 1224 V 17 w(NEIGHBOR)p 1592 1224 V 17 w(COUNT,)g(147)1048 1281 y(MPI)p 1140 1281 V 16 w(GRAPH)p 1324 1281 V 17 w(NEIGHBORS,)h(147)1048 1337 y(MPI)p 1140 1337 V 16 w(GR)o(OUP)p 1324 1337 V 17 w(DIFFERENCE,)e(110)1048 1394 y(MPI)p 1140 1394 V 16 w(GR)o(OUP)p 1324 1394 V 17 w(EX)o(CL,)g(111)1048 1450 y(MPI)p 1140 1450 V 16 w(GR)o(OUP)p 1324 1450 V 17 w(FREE,)g(113)1048 1507 y(MPI)p 1140 1507 V 16 w(GR)o(OUP)p 1324 1507 V 17 w(INCL,)h(111)1048 1563 y(MPI)p 1140 1563 V 16 w(GR)o(OUP)p 1324 1563 V 17 w(INTERSECTION,)h(110)1048 1620 y(MPI)p 1140 1620 V 16 w(GR)o(OUP)p 1324 1620 V 17 w(RANGE)p 1509 1620 V 16 w(EX)o(CL,)f(112)1048 1676 y(MPI)p 1140 1676 V 16 w(GR)o(OUP)p 1324 1676 V 17 w(RANGE)p 1509 1676 V 16 w(INCL,)h(112)1048 1732 y(MPI)p 1140 1732 V 16 w(GR)o(OUP)p 1324 1732 V 17 w(RANK,)f(109)1048 1789 y(MPI)p 1140 1789 V 16 w(GR)o(OUP)p 1324 1789 V 17 w(SIZE,)g(108)1048 1845 y(MPI)p 1140 1845 V 16 w(GR)o(OUP)p 1324 1845 V 17 w(TRANSLA)l(TE)p 1622 1845 V 17 w(RANKS,)c(109)1048 1902 y(MPI)p 1140 1902 V 16 w(GR)o(OUP)p 1324 1902 V 17 w(UNION,)k(109)1048 1992 y(MPI)p 1140 1992 V 16 w(INIT,)h(159)1048 2049 y(MPI)p 1140 2049 V 16 w(INITIALIZED,)g(160)1048 2105 y(MPI)p 1140 2105 V 16 w(INTER)o(COMM)p 1454 2105 V 16 w(FINISH,)g(120)1048 2162 y(MPI)p 1140 2162 V 16 w(INTER)o(COMM)p 1454 2162 V 16 w(MER)o(GE\(in)o(tercomm,k)o(ey)l (,newin)o(tracomm,)1214 2218 y(120)1048 2274 y(MPI)p 1140 2274 V 16 w(INTER)o(COMM)p 1454 2274 V 16 w(NAME)p 1611 2274 V 17 w(ST)l(AR)l(T,)f(121)1048 2331 y(MPI)p 1140 2331 V 16 w(INTER)o(COMM)p 1454 2331 V 16 w(ST)l(AR)l(T,)h(119) 1048 2387 y(MPI)p 1140 2387 V 16 w(IPR)o(OBE,)g(36)1048 2444 y(MPI)p 1140 2444 V 16 w(IRECV,)g(29)1048 2500 y(MPI)p 1140 2500 V 16 w(IRSEND,)g(28)1048 2557 y(MPI)p 1140 2557 V 16 w(ISEND,)f(28)1048 2613 y(MPI)p 1140 2613 V 16 w(ISSEND,)g(29)1048 2704 y(MPI)p 1140 2704 V 16 w(MAKE)p 1298 2704 V 16 w(CAR)l(T,)h(142)941 2828 y(192)p eop %%Page: 193 201 193 200 bop 75 -100 a Ft(MPI)15 b(F)l(unction)h(Index)1328 b FE(193)75 45 y(MPI)p 167 45 14 2 v 16 w(MAKE)p 325 45 V 17 w(DIMS,)15 b(143)75 102 y(MPI)p 167 102 V 16 w(MAKE)p 325 102 V 17 w(GRAPH,)g(143)75 158 y(MPI)p 167 158 V 16 w(MAP)p 290 158 V 16 w(CAR)l(T,)h(149)75 215 y(MPI)p 167 215 V 16 w(MAP)p 290 215 V 16 w(GRAPH,)f(150)75 316 y(MPI)p 167 316 V 16 w(PR)o(OBE,)h(37)75 417 y(MPI)p 167 417 V 16 w(RECV,)f(17)75 474 y(MPI)p 167 474 V 16 w(REDUCE,)g(91)75 531 y(MPI)p 167 531 V 16 w(REDUCE)p 380 531 V 17 w(SCA)l(TTER,)g(99)75 587 y(MPI)p 167 587 V 16 w(REQUEST)p 405 587 V 18 w(FREE,)f(41)75 644 y(MPI)p 167 644 V 16 w(RSEND,)i(25)75 745 y(MPI)p 167 745 V 16 w(SCAN,)f(100)75 802 y(MPI)p 167 802 V 16 w(SCA)l(TTER,)h(82)75 859 y(MPI)p 167 859 V 16 w(SCA)l(TTER)-5 b(V,)16 b(83)75 915 y(MPI)p 167 915 V 16 w(SEND,)f(15)75 972 y(MPI)p 167 972 V 16 w(SENDRECV,)g(42)75 1028 y(MPI)p 167 1028 V 16 w(SENDRECV)p 439 1028 V 17 w(REPLA)o(CE,)g(43)75 1085 y(MPI)p 167 1085 V 16 w(SET)p 272 1085 V 17 w(ERRHANDLER,)h(158)75 1142 y(MPI)p 167 1142 V 16 w(SET)p 272 1142 V 17 w(ERR)o(ORMODE,)g(158) 75 1198 y(MPI)p 167 1198 V 16 w(SSEND,)f(26)75 1255 y(MPI)p 167 1255 V 16 w(ST)l(AR)l(T,)h(40)75 1312 y(MPI)p 167 1312 V 16 w(ST)l(AR)l(T)l(ALL,)h(41)75 1368 y(MPI)p 167 1368 V 16 w(SUGGEST)p 403 1368 V 16 w(BUFFER)p 609 1368 V 17 w(P)l(ARAMS,)10 b(155)75 1470 y(MPI)p 167 1470 V 16 w(TEST,)15 b(30)75 1526 y(MPI)p 167 1526 V 16 w(TEST)p 305 1526 V 17 w(CANCELLED,)g(38)75 1583 y(MPI)p 167 1583 V 16 w(TEST)l(ALL,)h(34)75 1639 y(MPI)p 167 1639 V 16 w(TEST)l(ANY,)f(33)75 1696 y(MPI)p 167 1696 V 16 w(TOPO)p 317 1696 V 17 w(ST)l(A)l(TUS,)h(145)75 1753 y(MPI)p 167 1753 V 16 w(TYPE)p 312 1753 V 17 w(COMMIT,)e(54)75 1809 y(MPI)p 167 1809 V 16 w(TYPE)p 312 1809 V 17 w(CONTIGUOUS,)h(46)75 1866 y(MPI)p 167 1866 V 16 w(TYPE)p 312 1866 V 17 w(COUNT,)g(53)75 1923 y(MPI)p 167 1923 V 16 w(TYPE)p 312 1923 V 17 w(EXTENT,)f(52)75 1979 y(MPI)p 167 1979 V 16 w(TYPE)p 312 1979 V 17 w(FREE,)g(54)75 2036 y(MPI)p 167 2036 V 16 w(TYPE)p 312 2036 V 17 w(HINDEXED,)g(50)75 2093 y(MPI)p 167 2093 V 16 w(TYPE)p 312 2093 V 17 w(HVECTOR,)h(48)75 2149 y(MPI)p 167 2149 V 16 w(TYPE)p 312 2149 V 17 w(INDEXED,)f(49)75 2206 y(MPI)p 167 2206 V 16 w(TYPE)p 312 2206 V 17 w(SIZE,)h(53)75 2263 y(MPI)p 167 2263 V 16 w(TYPE)p 312 2263 V 17 w(STR)o(UCT,)f(51)75 2319 y(MPI)p 167 2319 V 16 w(TYPE)p 312 2319 V 17 w(VECTOR,)h(47)75 2420 y(MPI)p 167 2420 V 16 w(USER)p 306 2420 V 17 w(ALLREDUCE,)h(97)75 2477 y(MPI)p 167 2477 V 16 w(USER)p 306 2477 V 17 w(ALLREDUCEA,)g(98)75 2534 y(MPI)p 167 2534 V 16 w(USER)p 306 2534 V 17 w(REDUCE,)f(94)75 2590 y(MPI)p 167 2590 V 16 w(USER)p 306 2590 V 17 w(REDUCE)p 520 2590 V 17 w(SCA)l(TTER,)g(99)75 2647 y(MPI)p 167 2647 V 16 w(USER)p 306 2647 V 17 w(REDUCE)p 520 2647 V 17 w(SCA)l(TTERA,)g(100)75 2704 y(MPI)p 167 2704 V 16 w(USER)p 306 2704 V 17 w(REDUCEA,)g(96)1048 45 y(MPI)p 1140 45 V 16 w(USER)p 1279 45 V 17 w(SCAN,)g(101)1048 102 y(MPI)p 1140 102 V 16 w(USER)p 1279 102 V 17 w(SCANA,)g(101)1048 158 y(MPI)p 1140 158 V 16 w(USER)p 1279 158 V 17 w(SPECIFIES)p 1534 158 V 17 w(BUFFER,)g(156)1048 256 y(MPI)p 1140 256 V 16 w(W)-5 b(AIT,)15 b(30)1048 312 y(MPI)p 1140 312 V 16 w(W)-5 b(AIT)l(ALL,)16 b(34)1048 369 y(MPI)p 1140 369 V 16 w(W)-5 b(AIT)l(ANY,)15 b(33)-32 46 y FB(1)-32 103 y(2)-32 159 y(3)-32 215 y(4)-32 272 y(5)-32 328 y(6)-32 385 y(7)-32 441 y(8)-32 498 y(9)-40 554 y(10)-40 611 y(11)-40 667 y(12)-40 724 y(13)-40 780 y(14)-40 836 y(15)-40 893 y(16)-40 949 y(17)-40 1006 y(18)-40 1062 y(19)-40 1119 y(20)-40 1175 y(21)-40 1232 y(22)-40 1288 y(23)-40 1345 y(24)-40 1401 y(25)-40 1457 y(26)-40 1514 y(27)-40 1570 y(28)-40 1627 y(29)-40 1683 y(30)-40 1740 y(31)-40 1796 y(32)-40 1853 y(33)-40 1909 y(34)-40 1966 y(35)-40 2022 y(36)-40 2078 y(37)-40 2135 y(38)-40 2191 y(39)-40 2248 y(40)-40 2304 y(41)-40 2361 y(42)-40 2417 y(43)-40 2474 y(44)-40 2530 y(45)-40 2587 y(46)-40 2643 y(47)-40 2699 y(48)p eop %%Trailer end userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if %%EOF .