From daemon Wed Feb 28 11:57:09 1996
X-Sender: pate@pop.wp-lag.mindspring.com
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Date: Wed, 28 Feb 1996 06:52:55 -0500
To: Paul Leyland <pcl@sable.ox.ac.uk>
From: "James Pate Williams, Jr." <pate@mindspring.com>
Subject: Re: Classical Encryption Algorithms
X-Attachments: C:\MAYA\MAYA.CPP; C:\MAYA\KNOWN.CPP;

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Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

Hopefully export restrictions do not apply to the attached material.
I am sending you copies of the encryption source code and the
cryptanalytic attack. Remember that the encryption source assumes
a "little endian" machine. To convert to a "big endian" environment
then one must change the function LongToBits in MAYA.CPP.

==Pate Williams==
pate@wp-lag.mindspring.com

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Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="MAYA.CPP"

/*
  Author:  Pate Williams c 1996

  The following program is designed to decrypt/encrypt files.

  usage : maya inp_file out_file op key_1 key_2 key_3 key_4 seed

  where inp_file is the input file, out_file is the output
  file, op is either d = decrypt or e = encrypt, key_# is
  a long integer, and seed is in the range 0 - 65535. The code
  is written specifically for a "little endian" machine.
*/

#include <ctype.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <iostream.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys\stat.h>

const int BitsPerByte = 8;
const int BitsPerLongWord = 32;
const int BitsPerLongWordMinusOne = BitsPerLongWord - 1;
const int BitsPerExtraLongWord = 128;
const int BlocksPerBuffer = 16;
const int BytesPerBlock = 256;
const int CodesPerByte = 256;
const int BytesPerBuffer = BytesPerBlock * BlocksPerBuffer;
const int BytesPerLongWord = BitsPerLongWord / BitsPerByte;
const int BytesPerExtraLongWord = BitsPerExtraLongWord / BitsPerByte;
const int ExtraLongWordsPerBlock = BytesPerBlock / BytesPerExtraLongWord;
const int LongWordsPerExtraLongWord = BitsPerExtraLongWord / BitsPerLongWord;
const int LongWordsPerExtraLongWordMinusOne = LongWordsPerExtraLongWord - 1;

int permTable[BlocksPerBuffer][BitsPerExtraLongWord],
	 codeTable[BlocksPerBuffer][CodesPerByte],
	 invsTable[BlocksPerBuffer][CodesPerByte],
	 scrmTable[BlocksPerBuffer][BytesPerBlock];

typedef unsigned char Byte;

union LongWord
{
  long lwInte;
  Byte lwByte[BytesPerLongWord];
};

union ExtraLongWord
{
  Byte ewByte[BytesPerExtraLongWord];
  LongWord ewWord[LongWordsPerExtraLongWord];
};

union Block
{
  Byte bkByte[BytesPerBlock];
  ExtraLongWord bkWord[ExtraLongWordsPerBlock];
};

union Buffer
{
  Block bfBloc[BlocksPerBuffer];
  Byte bfByte[BytesPerBuffer];
};

void LongToBits(long number, int* bits)
{
  for (int i = BitsPerLongWordMinusOne; i >= 0; i--)
	 bits[BitsPerLongWordMinusOne - i] = (int) ((number >> i) & 1);
}

long BitsToLong(int* bits)
{
  long number = 0;

  for (int i = 0; i < BitsPerLongWord; i++)
	 number |= ((long) bits[i]) << (BitsPerLongWordMinusOne - i);
  return number;
}

void Permute(ExtraLongWord& inp, ExtraLongWord& out, int* table)
{
  int bit, ewBits[BitsPerExtraLongWord], lwBits[BitsPerLongWord], i, j, number,
		shift = 0, temp, ti;

  for (i = 0; i < LongWordsPerExtraLongWord; i++)
  {
	 LongToBits
		(inp.ewWord[LongWordsPerExtraLongWordMinusOne - i].lwInte, lwBits);
	 for (j = 0; j < BitsPerLongWord; j++)
		ewBits[shift + j] = lwBits[j];
	 shift += BitsPerLongWord;
	 out.ewWord[i].lwInte = 0;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < BitsPerExtraLongWord; i++)
  {
	 ti = table[i];
	 temp = ewBits[ti];
	 number = i / BitsPerLongWord;
	 bit = i % BitsPerLongWord;
	 out.ewWord[LongWordsPerExtraLongWordMinusOne - number].lwInte
		|= ((long) temp) << (BitsPerLongWordMinusOne - bit);
  }
}

void Unpermute(ExtraLongWord& inp, ExtraLongWord& out, int* table)
{
  int bit, ewBits[BitsPerExtraLongWord], lwBits[BitsPerLongWord], i, j, number,
		shift = 0, temp[BitsPerExtraLongWord];

  for (i = 0; i < LongWordsPerExtraLongWord; i++)
  {
	 LongToBits
		(inp.ewWord[LongWordsPerExtraLongWordMinusOne - i].lwInte, lwBits);
	 for (j = 0; j < BitsPerLongWord; j++)
		ewBits[shift + j] = lwBits[j];
	 shift += BitsPerLongWord;
	 out.ewWord[i].lwInte = 0;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < BitsPerExtraLongWord; i++)
	 temp[table[i]] = ewBits[i];
  for (i = 0; i < BitsPerExtraLongWord; i++)
  {
	 number = i / BitsPerLongWord;
	 bit = i % BitsPerLongWord;
	 out.ewWord[LongWordsPerExtraLongWordMinusOne - number].lwInte
		|= ((long) temp[i]) << (BitsPerLongWordMinusOne - bit);
  }
}

void Shift(int number, int* table, int* temp)
{
  int i, n = number - 1, t = table[n];

  for (i = 0; i < number; i++) temp[i] = table[i];
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) table[i + 1] = temp[i];
  table[0] = t;
}

void Xor(ExtraLongWord& inp, const ExtraLongWord& key)
{
  inp.ewWord[0].lwInte ^= key.ewWord[0].lwInte;
  inp.ewWord[1].lwInte ^= key.ewWord[1].lwInte;
  inp.ewWord[2].lwInte ^= key.ewWord[2].lwInte;
  inp.ewWord[3].lwInte ^= key.ewWord[3].lwInte;
}

void Decrypt(int bytes, const ExtraLongWord& key,
				 Buffer& inpBuffer, Buffer& outBuffer)
{
  int blocks = bytes / BytesPerBlock, i, j,
		left = bytes % BytesPerBlock, temp[CodesPerByte],
		extra = left / BytesPerExtraLongWord;
  ExtraLongWord inp, out;

  for (i = 0; i < blocks; i++)
  {
	 for (j = 0; j < ExtraLongWordsPerBlock; j++)
		Xor(inpBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkWord[j], key);
	 for (j = 0; j < BytesPerBlock; j++)
		outBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkByte[j]
		  = inpBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkByte[scrmTable[i][j]];
	 Shift(BytesPerBlock, scrmTable[i], temp);
	 for (j = 0; j < ExtraLongWordsPerBlock; j++)
		Xor(outBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkWord[j], key);
	 for (j = 0; j < BytesPerBlock; j++)
		outBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkByte[j]
		  = (Byte) invsTable[i][outBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkByte[j]];
	 for (j = 0; j < ExtraLongWordsPerBlock; j++)
	 {
		inp = outBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkWord[j];
		Xor(inp, key);
		Unpermute(inp, out, permTable[i]);
		Xor(out, key);
		outBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkWord[j] = out;
		Shift(BitsPerExtraLongWord, permTable[i], temp);
	 }
  }
  for (j = 0; j < extra; j++)
	 Xor(inpBuffer.bfBloc[blocks].bkWord[j], key);
  for (j = 0; j < left; j++)
	 outBuffer.bfBloc[blocks].bkByte[j]
		= (Byte) invsTable[blocks][inpBuffer.bfBloc[blocks].bkByte[j]];
  for (j = 0; j < extra; j++)
  {
	 inp = outBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkWord[j];
	 Xor(inp, key);
	 Unpermute(inp, out, permTable[blocks]);
	 Xor(out, key);
	 outBuffer.bfBloc[blocks].bkWord[j] = out;
	 Shift(BitsPerExtraLongWord, permTable[blocks], temp);
  }
}

void Encrypt(int bytes, const ExtraLongWord& key,
				 Buffer& inpBuffer, Buffer& outBuffer)
{
  int blocks = bytes / BytesPerBlock, i, j,
		left = bytes % BytesPerBlock, temp[CodesPerByte],
		extra = left / BytesPerExtraLongWord;
  ExtraLongWord inp, out;

  for (i = 0; i < blocks; i++)
  {
	 for (j = 0; j < ExtraLongWordsPerBlock; j++)
	 {
		inp = inpBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkWord[j];
		Xor(inp, key);
		Permute(inp, out, permTable[i]);
		Xor(out, key);
		inpBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkWord[j] = out;
		Shift(BitsPerExtraLongWord, permTable[i], temp);
	 }
	 for (j = 0; j < BytesPerBlock; j++)
		inpBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkByte[j]
		  = (Byte) codeTable[i][inpBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkByte[j]];
	 for (j = 0; j < ExtraLongWordsPerBlock; j++)
		Xor(inpBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkWord[j], key);
	 for (j = 0; j < BytesPerBlock; j++)
		outBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkByte[scrmTable[i][j]]
		  = inpBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkByte[j];
	 Shift(BytesPerBlock, scrmTable[i], temp);
	 for (j = 0; j < ExtraLongWordsPerBlock; j++)
		Xor(outBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkWord[j], key);
  }
  for (j = 0; j < extra; j++)
  {
	 inp = inpBuffer.bfBloc[blocks].bkWord[j];
	 Xor(inp, key);
	 Permute(inp, out, permTable[blocks]);
	 Xor(out, key);
	 inpBuffer.bfBloc[blocks].bkWord[j] = out;
	 Shift(BitsPerExtraLongWord, permTable[blocks], temp);
  }
  for (j = 0; j < left; j++)
	 outBuffer.bfBloc[blocks].bkByte[j]
		= (Byte) codeTable[blocks][inpBuffer.bfBloc[blocks].bkByte[j]];
  for (j = 0; j < extra; j++)
	 Xor(outBuffer.bfBloc[i].bkWord[j], key);
}

void Generate(int* table)
{
  int done, i, j, vector[BytesPerBlock];

  for (i = 0; i < BytesPerBlock; i++) vector[i] = 0;
  for (i = 0; i < BytesPerBlock; i++)
  {
	 done = 0;
	 do
	 {
		j = random(BytesPerBlock);
		if (vector[j] == 0) done = 1, vector[j] = 1;
	 }
	 while (done == 0);
	 table[i] = j;
  }
}

void GenerateTables(void)
{
  int done, i, j, k, bits[BitsPerExtraLongWord];

  for (k = 0; k < BlocksPerBuffer; k++)
  {
	 for (i = 0; i < BitsPerExtraLongWord; i++) bits[i] = 0;
	 for (i = 0; i < BitsPerExtraLongWord; i++)
	 {
		done = 0;
		do
		{
		  j = random(BitsPerExtraLongWord);
		  if (bits[j] == 0) done = 1, bits[j] = 1;
		}
		while (done == 0);
		permTable[k][i] = j;
	 }
	 Generate(codeTable[k]);
	 Generate(scrmTable[k]);
	 for (i = 0; i < BytesPerBlock; i++) invsTable[k][codeTable[k][i]] = i;
  }
}

void main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  if (argc < 9 || argc > 9)
  {
	 cout << "usage : maya inp_file out_file op key_1 key_2 "
			<< "key_3 key_4 seed\n\n"
			<< "where inp_file is the input file, out_file is the output\n"
			<< "file, op is either d = decrypt or e = encrypt, key_# is\n"
			<< "a long integer, and seed is in the range 0 - 65535"  << endl;
	 exit(1);
  }
  int bytes, error, inpAccess = O_RDONLY | O_BINARY, inpMode = S_IREAD;
  int inpHandle = open(argv[1], inpAccess, inpMode);
  if (inpHandle == - 1)
  {
	 cout << "*error*\nunable to open input file" << endl;
	 exit(1);
  }
  int outAccess = O_WRONLY | O_BINARY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, outMode = S_IWRITE;
  int outHandle = open(argv[2], outAccess, outMode);
  if (outHandle == - 1)
  {
	 cout << "*error*\unable to open output file" << endl;
	 exit(1);
  }
  char command = tolower(argv[3][0]), message[64];
  if (command != 'd' && command != 'e')
  {
	 cout << "*error*\nunknown command indicator must be d or e" << endl;
	 exit(1);
  }
  ExtraLongWord key;
  key.ewWord[0].lwInte = atol(argv[4]);
  key.ewWord[1].lwInte = atol(argv[5]);
  key.ewWord[2].lwInte = atol(argv[6]);
  key.ewWord[3].lwInte = atol(argv[7]);
  srand((unsigned) atol(argv[8]));
  GenerateTables();
  Buffer inpBuffer, outBuffer;
  do
  {
	 bytes = read(inpHandle, &inpBuffer, BytesPerBuffer);
	 if (bytes == - 1)
	 {
		cout << "*error*\nread I/O error" << endl;
		perror(message);
		exit(1);
	 }
	 if (bytes != 0)
	 {
		if (command == 'd')
		  Decrypt(bytes, key, inpBuffer, outBuffer);
		else
		  Encrypt(bytes, key, inpBuffer, outBuffer);
		error = write(outHandle, &outBuffer, bytes);
		if (error == - 1)
		{
		  cout << "*error*\nwrite I/O error" << endl;
        perror(message);
		  exit(1);
		}
	 }
  }
  while (bytes != 0);
  close(inpHandle);
  close(outHandle);
}

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Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="KNOWN.CPP"

/*
  Author:  Pate Williams c 1996

  The following program carries out a known ciphertext
  known plaintext attack against the maya algorithm.

  usage: known ciphertext plaintext key_file

  where the key file is of the format below:

  lower_key_1 upper_key_1
  lower_key_2 upper_key_2
  lower_key_3 upper_key_3
  lower_key_4 upper_key_4
  lower_seed  upper_seed
*/

#include <dos.h>
#include <fstream.h>
#include <iostream.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef unsigned char Byte;

int Compare(fstream& file1, fstream& file2)
{
  Byte byte1, byte2;

  while (file1.get(byte1) != 0)
  {
	 file2.get(byte2);
	 if (byte1 != byte2) return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

void Convert(double seconds, time& t)
{
  double ipart, fraction = modf(seconds, &ipart);
  long sec = (long) ipart;

  fraction = 100.0 * fraction;
  t.ti_hour = (char) (ipart / 3600.0);
  sec = sec % 3600L;
  t.ti_min = (char) (sec / 60L);
  t.ti_sec = (char) (sec % 60L);
}

void GetKeys(long* lowerKey, long* upperKey, unsigned& lowerSeed, unsigned& upperSeed,
				 fstream& file)
{
  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
	 file >> lowerKey[i] >> upperKey[i];
  file >> lowerSeed >> upperSeed;
}

double Seconds(time& t)
{
  return 3600.0 * (double) t.ti_hour + 60.0 * (double) t.ti_min +
			(double) t.ti_sec + (double) t.ti_hund / 100.0;
}

void main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  char cipher[64], is[16], js[16], ks[16], ls[16], ms[16],
		 plain[64], plain1[16];
  const char Plain1[16] = "pq6789.dec";
  double seconds;
  int done = 0;
  long i, j, k, l, m;
  long count = 0L, lowerKey[4], upperKey[4];
  unsigned lowerSeed = 0, upperSeed = 0;
  fstream keyFile, plaintext, plaintext1;
  struct time time1, time2;

  gettime(&time1);
  if (argc != 4)
  {
	 cout << "usage: known ciphertext plaintext key_file\n" << endl;
	 cout << "where the key file is of the format below:\n" << endl;
	 cout << "lower_key_1 upper_key_1" << endl;
	 cout << "lower_key_2 upper_key_2" << endl;
	 cout << "lower_key_3 upper_key_3" << endl;
	 cout << "lower_key_4 upper_key_4" << endl;
	 cout << "lower_seed  upper_seed" << endl;
	 exit(1);
  }
  strcpy(cipher, argv[1]);
  strcpy(plain, argv[2]);
  strcpy(plain1, Plain1);
  keyFile.open(argv[3], ios::in);
  if (!keyFile)
  {
	 cout << "*error\ncould not open key_file" << endl;
	 exit(1);
  }
  GetKeys(lowerKey, upperKey, lowerSeed, upperSeed, keyFile);
  for (i = lowerKey[0]; i <= upperKey[0]; i++)
  {
	 sprintf(is, "%ld", i);
	 for (j = lowerKey[1]; j <= upperKey[1]; j++)
	 {
		sprintf(js, "%ld", j);
		for (k = lowerKey[2]; k <= upperKey[2]; k++)
		{
		  sprintf(ks, "%ld", k);
		  for (l = lowerKey[3]; l <= upperKey[3]; l++)
		  {
			 sprintf(ls, "%ld", l);
			 for (m = lowerSeed; m <= upperSeed; m++)
			 {
				sprintf(ms, "%ld", m);
				spawnl(P_WAIT, "maya.exe", "maya.exe", cipher, plain1,
						 "d", is, js, ks, ls, ms, NULL);
				count++;
				plaintext.open(plain, ios::binary | ios::in);
				if (!plaintext)
				{
				  cout << "*error*\ncould not open ciphertext" << endl;
				  exit(1);
				}
				plaintext1.open(plain1, ios::binary | ios::in);
				if (!plaintext1)
				{
				  cout << "*error*\ncould not open plaintext" << endl;
				  exit(1);
				}
				done = Compare(plaintext, plaintext1);
				plaintext.close();
				plaintext1.close();
				if (done == 1) break;
			 }
			 if (done == 1) break;
		  }
		  if (done == 1) break;
		}
		if (done == 1) break;
	 }
	 if (done == 1) break;
  }
  gettime(&time2);
  seconds = Seconds(time2) - Seconds(time1);
  Convert(seconds, time2);
  cout << "Total time required = " << (int) time2.ti_hour
		 << ':' << (int) time2.ti_min  << ':' << (int) time2.ti_sec
		 << '.' << (int) time2.ti_hund << endl;
  seconds /= count;
  cout << "Total number of iterations = " << count << endl;
  cout << "Seconds per iteration = " << seconds << endl;
  if (done == 0)
	 cout << "Could not determine key" << endl;
  else
	 cout << "Key 1 = " << i << '\n' << "Key 2 = " << j << '\n'
			<< "Key 2 = " << k << '\n' << "Key 4 = " << l << '\n'
			<< "Seed = " << m << endl;
}

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